Recently, the phase compensation technique has allowed the ultrasound to propagate through the skull and focus into the brain. However, the temperature evolution during treatment is hard to control to achieve effectiv...Recently, the phase compensation technique has allowed the ultrasound to propagate through the skull and focus into the brain. However, the temperature evolution during treatment is hard to control to achieve effective treatment and avoid over-high temperature. Proposed in this paper is a method to modulate the temperature distribution in the focal region. It superimposes two signals which focus on two preset different targets with a certain distance. Then the temperature distribution is modulated by changing triggering time delay and amplitudes of the two signals. The simulation model is established based on an 82-element transducer and computed tomography （CT） data of a volunteer＇s head. A finite- difference time-domain （FDTD） method is used to calculate the temperature distributions. The results show that when the distances between the two targets respectively are 7.5-12.5 mm on the acoustic axis and 2.0-3.0 mm in the direction perpendicular to the acoustic axis, a focal region with a uniform temperature distribution （64-65 ℃） can be created. Moreover, the volume of the focal region formed by one irradiation can be adjusted （26.8-266.7 mm3） along with the uniform temperature distribution. This method may ensure the safety and efficacy of HIFU brain tumor therapy.展开更多
This paper reported a compact system of capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection （C4D） based on the square wave excitation voltage for capillary electrophoresis, and it exhibited excellent sensitivity...This paper reported a compact system of capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection （C4D） based on the square wave excitation voltage for capillary electrophoresis, and it exhibited excellent sensitivity at the optimal frequency of 198 kHz. The feasibility and sensitivity of this detector was demonstrated by simultaneous detection of thirteen ions including alkali, alkaline earth and heavy metal ions. And the detection limits （S/N 3） were in the range of 0.2-1μmol/L for Mn^2＋, K^＋, Na^＋, Mg^2＋, Ca^2＋, Li^＋, Ba^2＋, and 7-25 μmol/L for Ni^2＋, Cu^2＋, Cd^2＋, Pb^2＋, Co^2＋, Zn^2＋.展开更多
As this is the first time a large volume airgun has been excited in the "Yangtse River Geoscience Project",it is necessary to study the time-frequency characteristic based on the linear stacked seismic data ...As this is the first time a large volume airgun has been excited in the "Yangtse River Geoscience Project",it is necessary to study the time-frequency characteristic based on the linear stacked seismic data from records from portable stations near the fixed fields and seismic stations. Airgun signal propagation distances were detected using stacked seismic data to analyze the environmental impact on signal propagation distance. The results showed that:( 1) the airgun signal produced by bubble pulses,pressure pulses and the surface wave can be received by a portable station near the fixed field;( 2) the dominant frequency of a bubble at 5Hz or so can be received by both near-field stations and far-field stations,pressure pulses rapidly weaken and the dominant frequency bands get narrower as epicentral distance increases;( 3) the longest spread distance of signal is 260 km,the nearest is 180 km,and the signal can travel further in the evening.展开更多
To improve the quality of ultrasonic elastography, by taking the advantage of code excitation and frequency compounding, a transmitting-side multi-frequency with coded excitation for elastography(TFCCE) was proposed. ...To improve the quality of ultrasonic elastography, by taking the advantage of code excitation and frequency compounding, a transmitting-side multi-frequency with coded excitation for elastography(TFCCE) was proposed. TFCCE adopts the chirp signal excitation scheme and strikes a balance in the selection of sub-signal bandwidth, the bandwidth overlap and the number of sub-strain image based on theoretical derivation, so as to further improve the quality of elastic image. Experiments have proved that, compared with the other optimizing methods, the elastographyic signal-to-niose ratio(Re-SN) and contrast-to-noise ratio( Re-CN) are improved significantly with different echo signal-to-noise ratios(ReSN) and attenuation coefficients. When ReSN is 50 dB, compared with short pulse, Re-SN and Re-CN obtained by TFCCE increase by 53% and 143%, respectively. Moreover, in a deeper investigation(85-95 mm), the image has lower strain noise and clear details. When the attenuation coefficient is in the range of 0-1 dB/(cm·MHz), Re-SN and Re-CN obtained by TFCCE can be kept in moderate ranges of 5<Re-SN<6.8 and 11.4<Re-CN<15.2, respectively. In particular, for higher tissue attenuation, the basic image quality cannot be ensured with short pulse excitation, while mediocre quality strain figure can be obtained by TFCCE. Therefore, the TFCCE technology can effectively improve the elastography quality and can be applied to ultrasonic clinical trials.展开更多
It is known that activated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are a major route of ex-cessive calcium ion (Ca2+) entry in central neu-rons, which may activate degradative processes and thereby cause cell death. T...It is known that activated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are a major route of ex-cessive calcium ion (Ca2+) entry in central neu-rons, which may activate degradative processes and thereby cause cell death. Therefore, NMD- ARs are now recognized to play a key role in the development of many diseases associated with injuries to the central nervous system (CNS). However, it remains a mystery how NMDAR ac-tivity is recruited in the cellular processes leading to excitotoxicity and how NMDAR activ-ity can be controlled at a physiological level. The sodium ion (Na+) is the major cation in ex-tracellular space. With its entry into the cell, Na+ can act as a critical intracellular second mes-senger that regulates many cellular functions. Recent data have shown that intracellular Na+ can be an important signaling factor underlying the up-regulation of NMDARs. While Ca2+ influx during the activation of NMDARs down-regu-lates NMDAR activity, Na+ influx provides an essential positive feedback mechanism to over- come Ca2+-induced inhibition and thereby po-tentiate both NMDAR activity and inward Ca2+ flow. Extensive investigations have been con-ducted to clarify mechanisms underlying Ca2+- mediated signaling. This review focuses on the roles of Na+ in the regulation of Ca2+-mediated NMDAR signaling and toxicity.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81272495)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China(Grant No.16JC2DJC32200)
文摘Recently, the phase compensation technique has allowed the ultrasound to propagate through the skull and focus into the brain. However, the temperature evolution during treatment is hard to control to achieve effective treatment and avoid over-high temperature. Proposed in this paper is a method to modulate the temperature distribution in the focal region. It superimposes two signals which focus on two preset different targets with a certain distance. Then the temperature distribution is modulated by changing triggering time delay and amplitudes of the two signals. The simulation model is established based on an 82-element transducer and computed tomography （CT） data of a volunteer＇s head. A finite- difference time-domain （FDTD） method is used to calculate the temperature distributions. The results show that when the distances between the two targets respectively are 7.5-12.5 mm on the acoustic axis and 2.0-3.0 mm in the direction perpendicular to the acoustic axis, a focal region with a uniform temperature distribution （64-65 ℃） can be created. Moreover, the volume of the focal region formed by one irradiation can be adjusted （26.8-266.7 mm3） along with the uniform temperature distribution. This method may ensure the safety and efficacy of HIFU brain tumor therapy.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20475018)the Key Program of Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(No.05103552)
文摘This paper reported a compact system of capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection （C4D） based on the square wave excitation voltage for capillary electrophoresis, and it exhibited excellent sensitivity at the optimal frequency of 198 kHz. The feasibility and sensitivity of this detector was demonstrated by simultaneous detection of thirteen ions including alkali, alkaline earth and heavy metal ions. And the detection limits （S/N 3） were in the range of 0.2-1μmol/L for Mn^2＋, K^＋, Na^＋, Mg^2＋, Ca^2＋, Li^＋, Ba^2＋, and 7-25 μmol/L for Ni^2＋, Cu^2＋, Cd^2＋, Pb^2＋, Co^2＋, Zn^2＋.
基金jointly sponsored by the Special Fund for Earthquake Scientific Research in the Public Welfare of China Earthquake Administration(2015419015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41474071)
文摘As this is the first time a large volume airgun has been excited in the "Yangtse River Geoscience Project",it is necessary to study the time-frequency characteristic based on the linear stacked seismic data from records from portable stations near the fixed fields and seismic stations. Airgun signal propagation distances were detected using stacked seismic data to analyze the environmental impact on signal propagation distance. The results showed that:( 1) the airgun signal produced by bubble pulses,pressure pulses and the surface wave can be received by a portable station near the fixed field;( 2) the dominant frequency of a bubble at 5Hz or so can be received by both near-field stations and far-field stations,pressure pulses rapidly weaken and the dominant frequency bands get narrower as epicentral distance increases;( 3) the longest spread distance of signal is 260 km,the nearest is 180 km,and the signal can travel further in the evening.
基金Project(2013GZX0147-3) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China
文摘To improve the quality of ultrasonic elastography, by taking the advantage of code excitation and frequency compounding, a transmitting-side multi-frequency with coded excitation for elastography(TFCCE) was proposed. TFCCE adopts the chirp signal excitation scheme and strikes a balance in the selection of sub-signal bandwidth, the bandwidth overlap and the number of sub-strain image based on theoretical derivation, so as to further improve the quality of elastic image. Experiments have proved that, compared with the other optimizing methods, the elastographyic signal-to-niose ratio(Re-SN) and contrast-to-noise ratio( Re-CN) are improved significantly with different echo signal-to-noise ratios(ReSN) and attenuation coefficients. When ReSN is 50 dB, compared with short pulse, Re-SN and Re-CN obtained by TFCCE increase by 53% and 143%, respectively. Moreover, in a deeper investigation(85-95 mm), the image has lower strain noise and clear details. When the attenuation coefficient is in the range of 0-1 dB/(cm·MHz), Re-SN and Re-CN obtained by TFCCE can be kept in moderate ranges of 5<Re-SN<6.8 and 11.4<Re-CN<15.2, respectively. In particular, for higher tissue attenuation, the basic image quality cannot be ensured with short pulse excitation, while mediocre quality strain figure can be obtained by TFCCE. Therefore, the TFCCE technology can effectively improve the elastography quality and can be applied to ultrasonic clinical trials.
文摘It is known that activated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are a major route of ex-cessive calcium ion (Ca2+) entry in central neu-rons, which may activate degradative processes and thereby cause cell death. Therefore, NMD- ARs are now recognized to play a key role in the development of many diseases associated with injuries to the central nervous system (CNS). However, it remains a mystery how NMDAR ac-tivity is recruited in the cellular processes leading to excitotoxicity and how NMDAR activ-ity can be controlled at a physiological level. The sodium ion (Na+) is the major cation in ex-tracellular space. With its entry into the cell, Na+ can act as a critical intracellular second mes-senger that regulates many cellular functions. Recent data have shown that intracellular Na+ can be an important signaling factor underlying the up-regulation of NMDARs. While Ca2+ influx during the activation of NMDARs down-regu-lates NMDAR activity, Na+ influx provides an essential positive feedback mechanism to over- come Ca2+-induced inhibition and thereby po-tentiate both NMDAR activity and inward Ca2+ flow. Extensive investigations have been con-ducted to clarify mechanisms underlying Ca2+- mediated signaling. This review focuses on the roles of Na+ in the regulation of Ca2+-mediated NMDAR signaling and toxicity.
