Wideband Channel Estimation for THz Massive MIMO

Terahertz(THz)communication is considered to be a promising technology for future 6G network.To overcome the severe attenuation and relieve the high power consumption,massive multipleinput multiple-output(MIMO)with hybrid precoding has been widely considered for THz communication.However,accurate wideband channel estimation,which is essential for hybrid precoding,is challenging in THz massive MIMO systems.The existing wideband channel estimation schemes based on the ideal assumption of common sparse channel support will suffer from a severe performance loss due to the beam split effect.In this paper,we propose a beam split pattern detection based channel estimation scheme to realize reliable wideband channel estimation in THz massive MIMO systems.Specifically,a comprehensive analysis on the angle-domain sparse structure of the wideband channel is provided by considering the beam split effect.Based on the analysis,we define a series of index sets called as beam split patterns,which are proved to have a one-to-one match to different physical channel directions.Inspired by this one-to-one match,we propose to estimate the physical channel direction by exploiting beam split patterns at first.Then,the sparse channel supports at different subcarriers can be obtained by utilizing a support detection window.This support detection window is generated by expanding the beam split pattern which is determined by the obtained physical channel direction.The above estimation procedure will be repeated path by path until all path components are estimated.Finally,the wideband channel can be recovered by calculating the elements on the total sparse channel support at all subcarriers.The proposed scheme exploits the wideband channel property implied by the beam split effect,i.e.,beam split pattern,which can significantly improve the channel estimation accuracy.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to achieve higher accuracy than existing schemes.

CHANNEL ERROR CORRECTION FOR WIDEBAND SAR-A JOINT MULTIPLE SUBPULSES PROCESSING METHOD

A novel method,referred to as joint multiple subpulses processing,is developed to calibrate the nonideal transfer function of radio frequency front-end and I/Q imbalance in quadrature modulate/demodulate systems simultaneously,which frequently occur in wideband Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) systems.Based on the time-frequency relation of the chirp signal and the analyses of the channel errors in wideband SAR,joint multiple subpulses processing method is adopted to separate the image frequency component due to the I/Q channel error.Then,the complete description of the channel error is acquired for building the correction function,which is used to correct the radar raw echo in frequency domain.The validity and capability of this method are demonstrated by the experiments of the channel error correction on the high resolution SAR system with the effective bandwidth of 500 MHz.

Deterministic and Stochastic Simulators for Non-Isotropic V2V-MIMO Wideband Channels

In this paper, we consider a novel two-dimensional(2D) geometry-based stochastic model(GBSM) for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) wideband fading channels. The proposed model employs the combination of a two-ring model and a multiple confocal ellipses model, where the signal is sum of the line-of-sight(Lo S) component, single-bounced(SB) rays, and double-bounced(DB) rays. Based on the reference model, we derive some expressions of channel statistical properties, including space-time correlation function(STCF), Doppler spectral power density(DPSD), envelope level crossing rate(LCR) and average fade duration(AFD). In addition, corresponding deterministic and stochastic simulation models are developed based on the reference model. Moreover, we compare the statistical properties of the reference model and the two simulation models in different scenarios and investigate the impact of different vehicular traffic densities(VTDs) on the channel statistical properties of the proposed model. Finally, the great agreement between simulation models and the reference model demonstrates not only the utility of simulation models, but also the correctness of theoretical derivations and simulations.

Experimental Study of On-Body Radio Channel Performance of a Compact Ultra Wideband Antenna

In this paper, on-body radio channel performance of a compact ultra wideband (UWB) antenna is investigated for body-centric wireless communications. Measurement campaigns were first done in the chamber and then repeated in an indoor environment for comparison. The path loss parameter for eight different on-body radio channels has been characterized and analyzed. In addition, the path loss was modeled as a function of distance for 34 different receiver locations for propagation along the front part of the body. Results and analysis show that, compared with anechoic chamber, a reduction of 16.34% path loss exponent is noticed in indoor environment. The antenna shows very good on-body radio channel performance and will be a suitable candidate for future efficient and reliable body-centric wireless communications.

Spatial channel characteristics in the outdoor hotspot environment based on wideband MIMO measurements

Wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel measurements were performed at5.25GHz in the hotspot environment in Beijing.The propagation mechanism was line-of-sight and ob-structed-line-of-sight (LOS/OLOS) in the outdoor scenario.Using a large amount of estimated angle ofdeparture (AoD) and angle of arrival (AoA) results,the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of di-rectional spread (DS) are extracted,which illustrate that the spatial dispersion is quite significant at bothends due to the low antenna height of base station and rich scatterers.The average power azimuth spec-trum (PAS) is found to be well fitted with a Laplacian function.In addition,the non-isotropic property ofspatial correlation is investigated,and the average envelop correlation over arbitrary antenna spacing pro-vides the correlation distance to facilitate the MIMO optimization and deployment in the outdoor hotspotenvironment.

Closed BER expression of multi-user DS UWB systemsin indoor fading channel

The bit error rate （BER） performance of multi-user direct spreading bi-phase shift keying （DSBPSK） direct impulse ultra wideband （UWB） systems is analyzed and simulated based on a statistical indoor multi-path fading channel model. The BER of the system is theoretically derived and given in closed form, which is expressed in terms of channel parameters and system parameters such as pulse width parameter, pulse repeat period, user number and pulse waveform. With this BER expression, the effect of these parameters on the system performance can be evaluated in a uniform way. Simulation results well match the theory numerical results, and prove that the multi-access interference （MAI） of DS-BPSK UWB is a normal distribution.

Wideband Signal Detection Based on MWC Discrete Compressed Sampling Structure

In order to solve the cross-channel signal problem caused by the uniform channelized wideband digital receiver when processing wideband signal and the problem that the sensitivity of the system greatly decreases when the bandwidth of wideband digital receiver increases,which both decrease the wideband radar signal detection performance,a new wideband digital receiver based on the modulated wideband converter(MWC)discrete compressed sampling structure and an energy detection method based on the new receiver are proposed.Firstly,the proposed receiver utilizes periodic pseudo-random sequences to mix wideband signals with baseband and other sub-bands.Then the mixed signals are low-pass filtered and downsampled to obtain the baseband compressed sampling data,which can increase the sensitivity of the system.Meanwhile,the cross-channel signal will all appear in any subbands,so the cross-channel signal problem can be solved easily by processing the baseband compressed sampling data.Secondly,we establish the signal detection model and formulate the criterion of the energy detection method.And we directly utilize the baseband compressed sampling data to carry out signal detection without signal reconstruction,which decreases the complexity of the algorithm and reduces the computational burden.Finally,simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed receiver and show that the proposed signal detection method is effective in low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)compared with the conventional energy detection and the probability of detection increases significantly when SNR increases.

Application of Bayesian Compressive Sensing in IR-UWB Channel Estimation

Due to the sparse nature of the impulse radio ultra-wideband(IR-UWB)communication channel in the time domain,compressive sensing(CS)theory is very suitable for the sparse channel estimation. Besides the sparse nature,the IR-UWB channel has shown more features which can be taken into account in the channel estimation process,such as the clustering structures. In this paper,by taking advantage of the clustering features of the channel,a novel IR-UWB channel estimation scheme based on the Bayesian compressive sensing(BCS)framework is proposed,in which the sparse degree of the channel impulse response is not required. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation scheme has obvious advantages over the traditional scheme,and the final demodulation performance,in terms of Bit Error Rate(BER),is therefore greatly improved.

Complex Domain Wavelet-Based Denoising of Measured UHF Wireless Channel Power Delay Profiles

This work extends the use of wavelet-based denoising as an alternative processing scheme to improve measured mobile-radio channel power delay profiles. It has already been reported that, when applied on real domain data (amplitude only), denoising provides mainly a qualitative improvement. Here, phase content was also considered, leading to significant qualitative and quantitative improvement of the processed profiles. Signal-to-noise ratios and dynamic ranges improvements as high as 50 dB have been observed.

UWB Channel Modeling Improvement in Indoor Line-of-Sight (LOS) Environments

Channel measurement and modeling is an important issue when designing ultra wideband (UWB) communication systems. A Precise model of the channel response is inevitable for designing an ultra wideband telecommunication system. In this article signal propagation in indoor environment and LOS condition is evaluated and the appropriate model of this scenario is presented. Parameters such as the power delay profile, mean excess delay, delay spread, “NP10dB” are analyzed and simulated. Based on analysis results, the proposed model is presented. This model is based on Two-cluster approach but its average power delay profile is described with power function and cluster time of arrival is modeled by the modified exponential distribution. Finally UWB channel parameters of proposed model, Saleh and Valenzuela (S-V) and Two-cluster models are compared. Measurement and simulation results show that considerable improvement for mean excess delay, delay spread and “NP10dB” of proposed model comparing with S-V and Two-cluster model, this means the channel is better described, which mean the channel is described more precisely.

EFFECT OF MULTIPATH CHANNEL MODELS TO THE RECOVERY ALGORITHMS ON COMPRESSED SENSING IN UWB CHANNEL ESTIMATION

Multipath arrivals in an Ultra-WideBand (UWB) channel have a long time intervals between clusters and rays where the signal takes on zero or negligible values. It is precisely the signal sparsity of the impulse response of the UWB channel that is exploited in this work aiming at UWB channel estimation based on Compressed Sensing (CS). However, these multipath arrivals mainly depend on the channel environments that generate different sparse levels (low-sparse or high-sparse) of the UWB channels. According to this basis, we have analyzed the two most basic recovery algorithms, one based on linear programming Basis Pursuit (BP), another using greedy method Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP), and chosen the best recovery algorithm which are suitable to the sparse level for each type of channel environment. Besides, the results of this work is an open topic for further research aimed at creating a optimal algorithm specially for application of CS based UWB systems.

超宽带毫米波MIMO-OFDM系统的非线性频偏自干扰与信道联合估计方法

系统同步产生的载波频偏会导致超宽带毫米波多输入输出(MIMO)正交频分复用(OFDM)系统产生非线性频偏自干扰,影响后续信道估计性能。为此,提出了一种非线性频偏自干扰与信道联合估计方法,通过挖掘数据超维隐藏空间的方式,将复杂的多目标优化问题降维分解成多个可并行求解的子优化问题,并利用超宽带毫米波信道的稀疏特性,采用压缩感知算法实现载波频偏与信道的迭代估计。与现有的联合估计方法相比,仿真结果表明所提方法能够有效降低计算复杂度,提升了系统信道估计准确度,并降低了系统误码率。

基于非均匀时间调制的单通道比幅测向方法

[目的]为了解决传统时间调制测向中由载波频率变化引入的相位模糊而限制测向工作带宽的问题,提出一种基于非均匀时间调制的单通道比幅测向方法。[方法]通过对不同天线单元的接收信号进行非均匀周期调制,各天线接收信号的幅度信息无混叠地映射到对应调制频率的谐波中,进而提取出谐波幅度比,并结合查表法以实现单通道测向。基于数值仿真,验证所提方法的可行性,同时搭建一套宽带非均匀时间调制系统。[结果]实验结果显示,其测向绝对误差均值仅为0.21°(2.4 GHz)和0.18°(5.8 GHz)。[结论]所提方法可有效提高测向系统的工作带宽,具备结构简单、成本低、信号处理复杂度低以及宽带测向等优点。

超宽带多通道接收前端设计与研制

在电子侦察领域,超宽带多通道接收前端对信道接收机起着至关重要的作用。提出了一种超宽带、多通道、低噪声、低灵敏度、大动态范围接收前端的设计方案。通过设计仿真和实物样机的研制测试,验证了该方案的可行性。与传统方案相比,该接收前端样机噪声系数和开关隔离度各提升20%以上,实物尺寸为53 mm×115 mm×9 mm,指标性能达到设计要求。

基于树小波压缩与最大似然的超宽带信道融合估计方法

为实现无人集群智能化巡检,针对脉冲超宽带技术在山区、森林等复杂地区的应用劣势,提出应对复杂环境下多径效应影响的信道估计方法。通过理论分析与实验研究,提出一种基于树小波压缩与最大似然法融合的信道估计方法(TS-SC)。该方法在贝叶斯压缩感知(CS)模型基础上,通过小波基的稀疏矩阵与马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛抽样,建立层次贝叶斯模型,以实现低速采样下原始信号的恢复。采用最大似然估计方法(SC)对多径数量和增益进行准确估计。实验结果表明:噪声SNR为10dB时,借助低频采样数据,检测精度能达到0.5592,满足复杂环境中信道估计的需求。研究成果突破了传统信道估计方法的局限,为复杂环境下的无人机集群通信提供了有效解决方案。

一种基于PJFET输入的高压摆率集成运算放大器

基于双极型集成工艺设计并制作了一种高压摆率、低输入偏置电流、低输入失调电流的运算放大器。输入级采用p沟道结型场效应晶体管(PJFET)共源结构,有利于减小输入偏置电流,提高信号接收的灵敏度,实现高输入阻抗、低偏置电流、低输入失调电流和高压摆率。增益级采用常规的共射放大电路结构。输出级采用互补推挽输出结构,提升了驱动负载的能力,并克服交越失真。测试结果表明:在电源电压±15 V、25℃环境温度下,开环电压增益为114.49 dB,正压摆率为12.33 V/μs,负压摆率为-9.76 V/μs,输入偏置电流为42.52 pA,输入失调电流为4.23 pA,输出电压摆幅为-13.56~14.16 V,共模抑制比为105.56 dB,电源抑制比为107.91 dB。

面向子带分解的非均匀抽取均衡算法

宽带数字阵列雷达通道失配严重的情况下,带宽分割法相比逆傅里叶变换法均衡效果更好,但其在不完全分解时重建误差较大且占用硬件资源过多;针对上述问题,提出一种延长带宽非均匀抽取均衡算法;该方法设定需要划分的子带数目,根据阻带截止频率的位置合并不参与均衡的子带;依据待均衡子带的频率特性对其非均匀抽取,并进行子带内均衡;均衡后各子带经过插值和合并操作,完成整个均衡过程;实验结果表明,在均衡子带个数和重建误差相等的情况下,相比带宽分割法,提出方法的幅度改善因子和相位改善因子分别提高5.39 dB和7.48 dB,降低了运算复杂度和硬件资源占用率。

基于IEEE 802.15.3a的超宽带信道模型仿真

对于超宽带(UWB)无线通信技术来说,无线信道的特征直接决定了能否实现高速数据传输、低功耗、低复杂度的无线通信系统。基于多径传播、路径损耗、信道响应等参数,对IEEE 802.15.3a UWB技术的信道模型进行建模,并将RS编码和BPSK调制技术与UWB无线信道模型相结合,对4种环境下的传播情况进行仿真研究。结果表明,信道仿真的结论与实测数据结论一致性较好,所建模型能够准确反映和评估UWB无线通信的信道特征。

超宽带室内修正S-V信道模型的仿真与分析

信道模型是无线通信系统研究和设计的基础。介绍了超宽带室内无线通信信道模型,给出了泊松过程模型、-K模型、S-V模型以及IEEE802.15.3a模型等典型UWB信道模型的建模方法和特征,针对室内信道多径分量的成簇到达特性提出了修正的S-V信道模型并对其进行仿真。仿真结果表明,该模型能较好的反应UWB信道的特征参数。