Commercial farming of anuran species that are declining in the wild raises a need to discriminate wild from farmed frogs.We hypothesized wild frogs might have extended hindlimbs due to greater frequency or intensity o...Commercial farming of anuran species that are declining in the wild raises a need to discriminate wild from farmed frogs.We hypothesized wild frogs might have extended hindlimbs due to greater frequency or intensity of jumping relative to farmed frogs,highlighting a morphometric approach to discrimination of wild from farmed frogs using hindlimb length.In the present study,Dybowski＇s frog（Rana dybowskii） was used to test this hypothesis.We measured body mass（Mb） and hindlimb length（Lh） of 2-year old farmed frogs and wild frogs aged 2 to 5 years.Dybowski＇s frog demonstrated significant dimorphism in Mb and Lh.Mb was significantly greater among farmed 2-year old frogs in both sexes（p=0.000）,while only among females was Lh significantly greater for wild frogs（p=0.000）.Lh/Mb was used as an index for origin discrimination to eliminate the influence of Mb due to variation of husbandry conditions among farms.Mean Lh/Mb for farmed frogs was significantly lower than for wild frogs（p=0.000） in the 2-year old age class.Discrimination correctly classified 84.4% of farmed and 96.3% of wild male frogs.Among females,92.9% of farmed frogs and 90.1% wild frogs were correctly classified.The overall correctness of classification was 92.1% and 90.8% for males and females,respectively.However,Lh/Mb revealed variation with age,resulting in reduced discriminative power for frogs ≥3 years old.We introduced a coefficient Ce to adjust the Lh/Mb of frogs ≥3 years to the level equivalent to 2-year frogs.The adjustment achieved 89.5% for overall correctness of origin for wild males and 92.4% for wild females ≥3 years old.These results show that Lh/Mb is an effective index to discriminate wild from farmed Dybowski＇s frog.Since the physical demands of jumping are common among anurans,this index is also potentially applicable to other anuran species.展开更多
对黑斑蛙肌肉一般营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素进行测定,旨在比较分析野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉的营养品质。试验结果表明,养殖黑斑蛙肌肉粗蛋白与粗脂肪含量高于野生黑斑蛙,水分含量则低于野生黑斑蛙,但两者间差异不显著( P >0.0...对黑斑蛙肌肉一般营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素进行测定,旨在比较分析野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉的营养品质。试验结果表明,养殖黑斑蛙肌肉粗蛋白与粗脂肪含量高于野生黑斑蛙,水分含量则低于野生黑斑蛙,但两者间差异不显著( P >0.05);野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉除谷氨酸和酪氨酸外的氨基酸含量均无显著性差异( P >0.05);野生黑斑蛙肌肉的总氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量高于养殖黑斑蛙。根据氨基酸评分和化学评分结果,野生和养殖黑斑蛙肌肉中赖氨酸含量相对较高,第一限制性氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,必需氨基酸指数分别为70.25和72.42。野生黑斑蛙饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于养殖黑斑蛙( P <0.05),而养殖黑斑蛙肌肉的多不饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量均高于野生黑斑蛙( P >0.05)。野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉14种矿物元素中,锌、铝和硒含量有显著差异( P <0.05),重金属元素(砷、镉、铅)含量均在限量范围以内。由此可知,养殖黑斑蛙营养组成价值接近于野生黑斑蛙。展开更多
基金supported by the Project of Tackling Key Problems of Science and Technology of Heilongjiang Province, China (GB06B205-3)Program of Wildlife Conservation and Breeding of State Forestry Administration of China (2008)Special Fund for Postgraduate Dissertation of Northeast Forestry University (2009)
文摘Commercial farming of anuran species that are declining in the wild raises a need to discriminate wild from farmed frogs.We hypothesized wild frogs might have extended hindlimbs due to greater frequency or intensity of jumping relative to farmed frogs,highlighting a morphometric approach to discrimination of wild from farmed frogs using hindlimb length.In the present study,Dybowski＇s frog（Rana dybowskii） was used to test this hypothesis.We measured body mass（Mb） and hindlimb length（Lh） of 2-year old farmed frogs and wild frogs aged 2 to 5 years.Dybowski＇s frog demonstrated significant dimorphism in Mb and Lh.Mb was significantly greater among farmed 2-year old frogs in both sexes（p=0.000）,while only among females was Lh significantly greater for wild frogs（p=0.000）.Lh/Mb was used as an index for origin discrimination to eliminate the influence of Mb due to variation of husbandry conditions among farms.Mean Lh/Mb for farmed frogs was significantly lower than for wild frogs（p=0.000） in the 2-year old age class.Discrimination correctly classified 84.4% of farmed and 96.3% of wild male frogs.Among females,92.9% of farmed frogs and 90.1% wild frogs were correctly classified.The overall correctness of classification was 92.1% and 90.8% for males and females,respectively.However,Lh/Mb revealed variation with age,resulting in reduced discriminative power for frogs ≥3 years old.We introduced a coefficient Ce to adjust the Lh/Mb of frogs ≥3 years to the level equivalent to 2-year frogs.The adjustment achieved 89.5% for overall correctness of origin for wild males and 92.4% for wild females ≥3 years old.These results show that Lh/Mb is an effective index to discriminate wild from farmed Dybowski＇s frog.Since the physical demands of jumping are common among anurans,this index is also potentially applicable to other anuran species.
文摘对黑斑蛙肌肉一般营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素进行测定,旨在比较分析野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉的营养品质。试验结果表明,养殖黑斑蛙肌肉粗蛋白与粗脂肪含量高于野生黑斑蛙,水分含量则低于野生黑斑蛙,但两者间差异不显著( P >0.05);野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉除谷氨酸和酪氨酸外的氨基酸含量均无显著性差异( P >0.05);野生黑斑蛙肌肉的总氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量高于养殖黑斑蛙。根据氨基酸评分和化学评分结果,野生和养殖黑斑蛙肌肉中赖氨酸含量相对较高,第一限制性氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,必需氨基酸指数分别为70.25和72.42。野生黑斑蛙饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于养殖黑斑蛙( P <0.05),而养殖黑斑蛙肌肉的多不饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量均高于野生黑斑蛙( P >0.05)。野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉14种矿物元素中,锌、铝和硒含量有显著差异( P <0.05),重金属元素(砷、镉、铅)含量均在限量范围以内。由此可知,养殖黑斑蛙营养组成价值接近于野生黑斑蛙。
