Wild soybean(Glycine soja)transcription factor GsWRKY40 plays positive roles in plant salt tolerance

Wild soybean(Glycine soja),a relative of cultivated soybean,shows high adaptability to adverse environmental conditions.We identified and characterized a wild soybean transcription factor gene,GsWRKY40,that promotes plant salt stress.GsWRKY40 was highly expressed in wild soybean roots and was up-regulated by salt treatment.GsWRKY40 was localized in nucleus and demonstrated DNA-binding activities but without transcriptional activation.Mutation and overexpression of GsWRKY40 altered salt tolerance of Arabidopsis plants.To understand the molecular mechanism of GsWRKY40 in regulating plant salt resistance,we screened a cDNA library and identified a GsWRKY40 interacting protein GsbHLH92 by using yeast two-hybrid approach.The physical interaction of GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation(co-IP),GST pull-down,and bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)techniques.Intriguingly,co-overexpression of GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 resulted in higher salt tolerance and lower ROS levels than overexpression of GsWRKY40 or GsbHLH92 in composite soybean plants,suggesting that GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 may synergistically regulate plant salt resistance through inhibiting ROS production.qRT-PCR data indicated that the expression level of GmSPOD1 gene encoding peroxidase was cooperatively regulated by GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92,which was confirmed by using a dual luciferase report system and yeast one-hybrid experiment.Our study reveals a pathway that GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 collaboratively up-regulate plant salt resistance through impeding GmSPOD1 expression and reducing ROS levels,providing a novel perspective on the regulatory mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to abiotic stresses.

Clinicopathological alterations in wild mammals from the reservoir system of Trypanosoma cruzi:a scoping review

Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease.This flagellated protozoan is transmitted to humans as well as different species of domestic and wild animals via vectors from the Reduviidae family(known as"kissing bugs").Despite the fact that hundreds of species of wild mammals are part of the reservoir system,the morphologi-cal changes and clinical manifestations resulting from the pathogenesis of the infection have been largely neglected.The aim of this review is to systematically compile the available information regarding clinicopathological altera-tions in wild mammals due to natural infection by T.cruzi.Information was obtained from six online bibliographic data search platforms,resulting in the identification of 29 publications that met the inclusion criteria.Mortality was the most common clinical manifestation,cardiac damage was the main finding at necropsy,and lymphoplas-macytic inflammation was the most frequent microscopic injury.Thus,regardless of its role as a reservoir,T.cruzi has the potential to affect the health status of wild mammals,a situation that highlights the need for further research to analyze,measure,and compare its effects at both the individual and population levels.

Comparative Study of Genetic Structure and Genetic Diversity betweenWild and Cultivated Populations of Taxus cuspidata,Northeast China

Taxus cuspidata is a rare plant with important medicinal and ornamental value.Aiming at the obvious differences between wild and cultivated populations of T.cuspidata from Northeast China,a total of 61 samples,that is,33 wild yews and 28 cultivated yews were used to analyze the differences and correlations of the kinship,genetic diversity,and genetic structure between them by specific length amplified fragment sequencing(SLAF-seq).Finally,470725 polymorphic SLAF tags and 58622 valid SNP markers were obtained.Phylogenetic analysis showed that 61 samples were classified into 2 clusters:wild populations and cultivated populations,and some wild yews were categorized into the cultivated populations;the genetic diversity analysis showed that the Nei diversity index of wild populations(0.4068)was smaller than that of cultivated populations(0.4414),and the polymorphic information content(PIC)of wild populations(0.2861)was smaller than that of cultivated populations(0.3309).The genetic differentiation analysis showed that the total populations of gene diversity(H_(t))of cultivated and wild populations were respectively 0.8159 and 0.5685,the coefficient of gene differentiation(G_(st))of cultivated and wild populations was respectively 0.3021 and 0.1068,and the gene flow(N_(m))(2.4967)of wild populations was larger than cultivated populations(0.8199).The molecular variance(AMOVA)revealed that inter-population variation accounted for 29.57%of the total genetic variation,while intra-population variation accounted for 70.42% of the total genetic variation(p<0.001),this suggested that the genetic variation in the T.cuspidata is mainly attributed to within-population factors.In conclusion,the genetic distance between geographical ecological groups of wild populations was generally smaller than that of cultivated populations,and the degree of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation was smaller than that of cultivated populations.As evident,the utilization of SLAF-seq technology enables efficient and accurate development of SNP markers suitable for genetic analysis of T.cuspidata species.These developed SNP markers can provide a molecular foundation for T.cuspidata breeding,construction of genetic maps,variety identification,and association analysis of agronomic traits.

Lightning in a Forest (Wild) Fire: Mechanism at the Molecular Level

The mechanism of lightning that ignites a forest fire and the lightning that occurs above a forest fire are explained at the molecular level. It is based on two phenomena, namely, internal charge separation inside the atmospheric cloud particles and the existence of a layer of positively charged hydrogen atoms sticking out of the surface of the liquid layer of water on the surface of rimers. Strong turbulence-driven collisions of the ice particles and water droplets with the rimers give rise to breakups of the ice particles and water droplets into positively and negatively charged fragments leading to charge separation. Hot weather in a forest contributes to the updraft of hot and humid air, which follows the same physical/chemical processes of normal lightning proposed and explained recently[1]. Lightning would have a high probability of lighting up and burning the dry biological materials in the ground of the forest, leading to a forest (wild) fire. The burning of trees and other plants would release a lot of heat and moisture together with a lot of smoke particles (aerosols) becoming a strong updraft. The condition for creating lightning is again satisfied which would result in further lightning high above the forest wild fire.

The Influence of Chuang Tsu on Oscar Wilde’s Literary Works

Oscar Wilde,the renowned British writer,was deeply influenced by Eastern culture,particularly by Chuang Tsu’s“Thought of Doing Nothing”,a Taoist concept of human conduct.Wilde not only embraced this philosophy,but also incorporated it into his literary creations and art criticism,enhancing the steadfastness of his own value judgments.

Novel QTLs from Wild Rice Oryza longistaminata Confer Strong Tolerance to High Temperature at Seedling Stage

Global warming poses a threat to rice production.Breeding heat-tolerant rice is an effective and economical approach to address this challenge.African rice is a valuable genetic resource for developing heat-tolerant crops due to its intricate mechanism for adapting to high temperatures.Oryza longistaminata,a widely distributed wild rice species in Africa,may harbor an even richer gene pool for heat tolerance,which remains untapped.In this study,we identified three heat tolerance QTLs from O.longistaminata at the seedling stage,including novel heat tolerance loci qTT4 and qTT5.Our findings demonstrated that the O.longistaminata alleles for these two QTLs can enhance the heat tolerance of rice seedlings.Remarkably,qTT5 was mapped to a region spanning approximately 287.2 kb,which contains 46 expressing genes.Through the analysis of Gene Ontology and expression differences under heat induction,we identified four candidate genes.Our results lay the foundation for discovering heat tolerance genes underlying O.longistaminata and developing new genetic resources for heat-tolerant rice breeding.

Metagenomic Analysis of Environmental Samples from Wildlife Rescue Station at Poyang Lake, China

Objective To improve the understanding of the virome and bacterial microbiome in the wildlife rescue station of Poyang Lake,China.Methods Ten smear samples were collected in March 2019.Metagenomic sequencing was performed to delineate bacterial and viral diversity.Taxonomic analysis was performed using the Kraken2 and Bracken methods.A maximum-likelihood tree was constructed based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp)region of picornavirus.Results We identified 363 bacterial and 6 viral families.A significant difference in microbial and viral abundance was found between samples S01–S09 and S10.In S01–S09,members of Flavobacteriia and Gammaproteobacteria were the most prevalent,while in S10,the most prevalent bacteria class was Actinomycetia.Among S01–S09,members of Myoviridae and Herelleviridae were the most prevalent,while the dominant virus family of S10 was Picornaviridae.The full genome of the pigeon mesivirus-like virus(NC-BM-233)was recovered from S10 and contained an open reading frame of 8,124 nt.It showed the best hit to the pigeon mesivirus 2 polyprotein,with 84.10%amino acid identity.Phylogenetic analysis showed that RdRp clustered into Megrivirus B.Conclusion This study provides an initial assessment of the bacteria and viruses in the cage-smeared samples,broadens our knowledge of viral and bacterial diversity,and is a way to discover potential pathogens in wild birds .

Transcriptome Analysis of a Wild Eggplant Germplasm M239 in Response to Verticillium dahliae Infection

In this study,wild eggplant germplasm No.M239,which is highly susceptible to Verticillium wilt,was used as the experimental material.The physiological and biochemical indices(SOD,PAL,MDA and soluble protein)of M239 roots were measured at different times(0,12,24,36,48,60 and 72 h)post inoculation with Verticillium dahliae,and the key time points for the M239 response to Verticillium wilt infection were screened.Then,RNA-Seq technology was used to screen the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in M239 roots at 0,12 and 48 h post-inoculation(hpi).The transcriptional results of M239 were also compared with those resistance genes from some reported wild relative Solanum species(S.sisymbriifolium and S.aculeatissimum).Then some DEGs were chosen for validation by qRT–PCR.The results showed that 12 and 48 hpi were the turning points in the changes in all physiological and biochemical indices.A total of 6,783 DEGs were identified by RNA-Seq,including 6,141 DEGs(3,046 upregulated and 3,095 downregulated)at the M_12 h vs.M_0 h,1,903 DEGs(792 upregulated and 1,111 downregulated)at M_48 h vs.M_12 h,and 1,261 DEGs that appeared simultaneously in both stages.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that there were 5 metabolic pathways enriched from DEGs,which were mostly related to primary metabolism,such as glycolysis,amino acid and ribosome biogenesis.Compared with the NCBI non-redundant protein(NR)database,one Ve2 homologous gene and 8 PR protein-related genes were screened.Transcription factor analysis showed that there were a large number of DEGs,such as MYB,AP2-EREBP,bHLH,NAC and Orphans in the two stages.Compared with the reported Verticillium wilt-resistant wild eggplant species,it was found that there were fewer genes and enriched metabolic pathways in the M239 response to Verticillium wilt infection,and it also lacked the response of some known key resistance genes.These results proved that the above resistance genes and metabolic pathways played a key role in the wild eggplant response to V.dahliae infection.

Lack of Evidence for Local Adaptation of the Endangered Karner Blue Butterfly to Its Sole Larval Hostplant—The Wild Lupine

Local adaptation is an important process that drives the evolution of populations within species, and it can be generally expressed by the higher fitness of individuals raised in their native habitats versus in a foreign location. The influence of local adaptation is especially prominent in species that subsist in small and/or highly isolated populations. This study evaluated whether the federally endangered Karner blue butterfly, Lycaeides melissa samuelis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is locally adapted to its exclusive larval host plant, the wild lupine (Lupinus perennis). To test for local adaptation, individuals from a laboratory-raised colony were reared on wild lupine plants from populations belonging to either their native (Indiana) or a foreign (Michigan and Wisconsin) region. For this purpose, lupine plants from the different populations were grown in a common garden in growth chambers, and one Karner blue larva was placed on each plant. Fitness traits related to growth and development were recorded for each butterfly across populations. Days from hatching to pupation and eclosion showed gender-specific significant differences across wild lupine populations and plant genotypes (within populations). The percent survival of butterflies (from hatching to eclosion) also differed among plants from different populations. These results indicate that wild lupine sources can affect some developmental traits of Karner blue butterflies. However, growth-related traits, such as pupal and adult weight of individuals reared in plants from native populations did not differ from those of foreign regions. The apparent absence of local adaptation to wild lupine suggests that, at least, some individuals of this species could be translocated from native populations to foreign reintroduction sites without experiencing decreased fitness levels. However, future studies including more populations across the geographical range of this butterfly are recommended to evaluate other environmental factors that could influence adaptation on a wider spatial scale.

Growth and Antimony Bioconcentration Characteristics of Wild Ramie(Boehmeria nivea)under Sb Stress in Different Valence States

[Objectives] To explore the effects of antimony(Sb) in different valence states on the growth and Sb bioconcentration and transfer of wild ramie(Boehmeria nivea). [Methods] A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(Ⅴ) stress on plant height, biomass, leaf SPAD value, Sb contents in various organs, Sb bioconcentration and transfer factors, and other indexes. [Results] Both kinds of Sb treatments showed a trend of "first increasing and then decreasing" in plant height as Sb concentration increased. The plant heights in Sb(Ⅲ) treatments with a concentration lower than 1 000 mg/kg and Sb(Ⅴ) treatments with concentrations lower than 4 000 mg/kg were significantly higher than that of the control check(CK);and the Sb(Ⅲ) treatment of the high concentration(4 000 mg/kg) resulted in a significant decrease in plant height, while the 8 000 mg/kg Sb(Ⅴ) treatment still showed an increase in plant height, indicating that the toxicity of Sb(Ⅴ) to wild ramie was significantly lower than that of Sb(Ⅲ). The Sb(Ⅲ) treatments with a concentration lower than 2 000 mg/kg had little effect on the dry weight of the aboveground part, while the treatment with a higher concentration showed a significant decrease;and the dry weights in various concentrations of Sb(Ⅴ) treatments showed no significant differences, but they were significantly higher than the CK and corresponding concentration of Sb(Ⅲ) treatment. Both types of Sb stress could promote the increase of SPAD value in wild ramie leaves, and the performance was significantly higher than the CK. As the concentration of Sb treatment increased, the Sb content in both the aboveground and underground parts showed a significant increase;and the comparison of Sb content under corresponding concentrations of the two types of Sb treatments showed that in the aboveground part, Sb(Ⅲ) was higher than Sb(Ⅴ), while in the underground part, the opposite was true. The bioconcentration factor(BF) of Sb decreased with the increase of Sb treatment concentration overall, and the value of Sb(Ⅴ) was smaller than that of Sb(Ⅲ), but both kinds of Sb stress were significantly smaller than the CK. The transfer factor(TF) of Sb in wild ramie showed a trend of "increasing first and then decreasing" with the concentration of Sb treatment, and various treatments of Sb(Ⅲ) were higher than the CK, with significant differences, while among various treatments of Sb(Ⅴ), except treatment B3, the reduction of which was not significant, other Sb(Ⅴ) treatments showed significant decreases. Comparing the two types of Sb treatments, the BF and TF values of Sb in wild ramie under Sb(Ⅲ) treatments were higher than those under Sb(Ⅴ) treatments, and the TF reached a significant level, indicating that the Sb transport ability of wild ramie under Sb(Ⅲ) treatments was stronger. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the mining of wild ramie Sb restoration genes and the application of large-scale cultivation in ecological restoration.

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutrient Composition in the Wild, Pond- and Lake-Cultured Topmouth Culter (Culter alburnus)

Research was conducted on topmouth culter (Culter alburnus) grown in ponds and lakes as well as wild types in order to determine their chemical composition and nutritional value. There are three types of fish that differ in their proximate composition, amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals. Wild fish had a significantly lower crude lipid contents than cultured fish (P P ∑PUFAs) showed an obviously opposite trend. As compared with cultured fish, wild fish had significantly higher levels of n-3 PUFAs, arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahxaenoic acid (DHA) (P P > 0.05), except for Na, Fe and Se. In conclusion, diet composition and external aqueous environment may determine the differences between wild and cultured topmouth culter.

Diversity and Distribution of Wild Musa in Nagaland, India

The state of Nagaland is located in a region known to be a micro-centre of Musa evolution. The prevailing agro-climatic conditions are known to support various members of the genus. This study documents 12 species, which is an ideal representation of the rich diversity of this genus in an area of 16,579 sq. km. The various species were classified using morphological descriptors based on INIBAP, 1996 following the subsequent collection of the live specimen. The various species documented have been found to exist in single populations or in association with other species and their distribution depends on the varying altitudinal profile as well as the agro-climatic and topographical condition of the environment.

基于改进Ratio统计量的重尾AR(p)时间序列均值变点检验

文章提出两个改进的Ratio统计量来研究重尾AR(p)时间序列均值变点检验问题,在原假设下推导了统计量的渐近分布,且在备择假设下证明了其一致性。由于重尾指数未知且难以估计,因此结合Wild Bootstrap重抽样方法来确定渐近分布的临界值;在均值变点存在的情形下,给出了变点位置的一致估计量。数值模拟结果表明:统计量的临界值均不受重尾指数和自回归系数的影响,其经验水平和经验势均取得满意的效果;尤其在原假设下,积分型Ratio统计量的经验水平表现出更好的稳健性,而在备择假设下,最值型Ratio统计量则具备更好的显著性。最后,基于一组股票数据,从实际应用角度进一步阐明所提方法的有效性和可行性。

特金罕山国家自然保护区野生球根花卉资源综合评价

目的:为探究特金罕山国家自然保护区野生球根花卉资源,筛选出适合当地城市绿化的野生球根花卉种类。方法:采用野外实地调查和文献检索的方法,调查特金罕山国家自然保护区野生球根花卉资源,并运用层次分析法从观赏价值、适应性、开发价值3个方面对其进行综合评价。结果:特金罕山国家自然保护区共有野生球根花卉37种,隶属12科,28属,其中,百合科种类最多,14种。根据综合评价结果,37种野生球根花卉分为4个等级:综合价值高的Ⅰ级(R>4.0)5种;综合价值较高的Ⅱ级(3.7<R≤4.0)10种;综合价值一般的Ⅲ级(3.5<R≤3.7)12种;综合价值较低的Ⅳ级(R≤3.5)10种。结论:特金罕山国家自然保护区野生球根花卉资源丰富,建议加强资源保护并优化开发利用方式,丰富城市园林绿化球根花卉种类。

花生栽培种和野生种Arachissp.30119六倍体杂种的创制与鉴定

【目的】花生野生种包含许多优异的抗病虫基因,是栽培种改良的重要基因资源库,将野生种染色质导入栽培种是花生远缘杂交研究的重要目的。野生种A.sp.30119对多种花生病害具有抗性,研究其与栽培种的杂种后代,为明确A.sp.30119的身份和未来能够利用其优异抗性提供依据。【方法】利用异源四倍体花生栽培品种白突131与二倍体野生种A.sp.30119杂交,通过胚拯救获得种间杂种F1(W1212),但F1不结实。为了揭示W1212不结实的原因并获得可育的后代,先利用根尖细胞有丝分裂中期和花粉母细胞染色体制片,观察其染色体数目和减数分裂染色体联会情况,再利用试管苗染色体加倍方法对W1212进行加倍处理,最终收获4个单粒荚果,将其中一个荚果的种子组织培养成完整植株并命名为Am1212。利用顺序GISH/FISH和SSR标记分析Am1212的染色体组成,并观察调查其表型特征。最后,利用rDNA FISH随机分析8个Am1212的F3代植株的有丝分裂中期染色体数目,评价其染色体遗传稳定性。【结果】白突131与A.sp.30119的杂种一代W1212花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ的染色体平均构型为1Ⅲ+6Ⅱ+15Ⅰ,其染色体不能正常配对,表现为高度不育,染色体加倍处理后W1212下针枝条的花粉育性显著提高。白突131、A.sp.30119和Am1212的顺序GISH/FISH分析结果表明,A.sp.30119可能为A基因组二倍体野生种。Am1212有60条染色体,包含白突131与A.sp.30119的全部染色体,证实其为六倍体杂种后代。但Am1212自交F3代有37.5%的植株发生了染色体数目变异。通过分子标记筛选和表型调查,获得17个特异追踪A.sp.30119的显性和共显性标记,明确了Am1212的遗传特性。【结论】创制了一个新的六倍体花生Am1212,该六倍体整合了野生种染色质,同时,Am1212也拥有了小荚果等不利性状,且染色体遗传稳定性较差,因此,未来育种利用过程中,需要结合精准的染色体鉴定技术,打破不良连锁,获得具有补偿效应且包含有利性状的染色体变异材料。

基于AHP的呼伦贝尔草原野生花卉综合评价

目的:为丰富呼伦贝尔地区园林植物多样性,筛选出观赏价值高、具有地域特色的乡土花卉种类。方法:采用AHP法对呼伦贝尔草原230种野生花卉进行综合评价。选取花果观赏价值、茎叶观赏价值和开发价值3个方面共13个评价指标,建立呼伦贝尔草原野生花卉综合评价模型,利用层次分析软件在构建判断矩阵的基础上,计算各评价指标总权重,并通过野外观测结果对评价指标进行赋分,最后计算每种植物的综合得分,并进行分级。结果:①各约束层对目标层的权重大小排序为花果观赏价值>开发价值>茎叶观赏价值。②13个标准层评价因素中,花果色、花径、抗逆性、花果量和株型对野生花卉的观赏性影响最大。结论:根据评价结果,呼伦贝尔草原野生花卉被评为Ⅰ级的花卉如苦马豆、掌叶白头翁、大花剪秋萝、多叶棘豆、斑花杓兰、细叶百合、尖萼耧斗菜、大花杓兰等具有很高的观赏价值,可以大面积驯化栽培供园林观赏。被评为Ⅱ级的野生花卉如野鸢尾、短瓣金莲花、大花银莲花、柳兰、高山紫菀、野火球、达乌里黄芪、返顾马先蒿、紫斑风铃草、紫花野菊、美花风毛菊、红轮狗舌草和山萝花等具有较高观赏价值,可以适度地栽培利用。

野生接骨木果含片的制备及其抗氧化、抗运动疲劳作用研究

为制备一款口感适宜且具有抗氧化和抗疲劳作用的接骨木果含片,以野生接骨木果粉为原料,通过响应面试验优化接骨木果含片制备工艺;以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力、2,2-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)阳离子自由基清除能力和铁离子还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)作为评价其抗氧化能力的指标;通过测定小鼠游泳时间,分析血糖、肝糖原、肌糖原、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、尿素氮(BUN)和乳酸(LA)含量变化来评价其抗疲劳作用。结果表明:接骨木果粉添加量61%、木糖醇添加量8%和柠檬酸添加量5%时,接骨木果含片的感官评分达到90.32分,其花色苷含量为1.52 mg/g;接骨木果含片的DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力和FRAP值分别为73.83μg TE/g、43.50μg TE/g和16.27μmol Fe(Ⅱ)/g,表现出良好的抗氧化能力;接骨木果含片干预后,延长了小鼠的游泳时长,提高了小鼠的血糖、肝糖原、肌糖原、SOD和ATP的含量,降低了小鼠体内BUN和LA水平,表明接骨木果含片具有较高的抗疲劳能力。该研究为野生接骨木果的高值化利用、扩大其应用提供了理论依据。

求解TSP的离散野马优化算法

针对求解TSP问题,提出一种新的元启发式算法离散野马优化算法(DWHO),应用最小位置匹配值法(MPMV)对求解结果进行离散化解码;为提高算法搜索能力,结合野马放牧、交配、领导者交流与选拔行为,引入变邻域搜索策略,增强了算法的局部搜索能力、加快算法收敛速度。选取TSPLIB标准库33个算例进行实验,并与交换序列人工蜂群算法(ABCSS)、离散蜘蛛猴优化算法(DSMO)两种算法进行比较。实验结果表明,DWHO求得的最优解与ABCSS、DSMO两种算法的最优解相比,最优解改进率最大值分别达到4.52%和3.41%。同时,将离散野马优化算法求解TSP收敛速度与以上两种算法进行比较,其收敛速度具有一定的优势。结果表明离散野马优化算法求解能力和精度具有优势。

贵州两地野生茶树叶片解剖结构比较及抗逆性分析

为更好地开发和利用贵州省盘州市及三都县的野生茶树种质,以24份野生茶树为材料,比较两地野生茶树叶片形态特征和叶片解剖结构特征共23个叶片性状,并结合隶属函数法分析野生茶树的抗逆性。结果表明,盘州和三都两地的野生茶树,在叶片表观上存在明显区别,盘州野生茶树的叶长、叶宽和叶面积极显著大于三都野生茶树,长宽比则极显著小于三都野生茶树。盘州和三都野生茶树在叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、细胞数、主脉厚度、草酸钙晶体密度等16个叶片解剖结构性状上存在显著或极显著差异,相较于三都野生茶树,盘州野生茶树的叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、主脉厚度更厚,栅栏组织细胞排列更紧密,草酸钙晶体密度更大,上(下)表皮细胞厚度更薄。相关性分析显示,23个叶片性状间相关性较强,有43对呈极显著正相关,23对呈显著正相关,17对呈极显著负相关,12对呈显著负相关。聚类分析结果显示,24份野生茶树可分为4类,主脉厚度和维管束短径是主要划分依据。抗性评价结果显示,盘州野生茶树在抗旱性和抗寒性上略优于三都野生茶树。根据平均隶属函数值排序,筛选出SD-20-2、SD-20-3、PZ-05和PZ-09四份综合抗性较优的野生茶树,可作为高抗野生茶树种质选育抗逆性茶树品种。

我国麋鹿放归野化概况及放归地适宜性评估

麋鹿在我国经过37年的繁衍、复壮及野外放归,目前麋鹿种群已全面覆盖历史分布区,分布地点从重引入时的2个增至现在的89个迁地保护场所,种群数量已逾1.2万只,其中建立6处野生种群,数量达5 258只。从重引入到成功放归野化,中国麋鹿保护已成为全球野生动物保护史上的范例。麋鹿放归野化成功的关键在于科学、合理地选择放归地,通过介绍我国麋鹿放归野化的概况,并针对放归地的适宜性开展评估,主要包括天然植被资源可利用性、天然水资源的水质和水量、疾病风险、种间竞争、人鹿冲突、捕食天敌、突发自然灾害等,为我国麋鹿放归野化标准化管理提供依据,为其他物种放归野化提供参考。