Research on Adaptability Analysis of Environmental Space Demand and Design Optimization of Daycare Centers: Taking Chongqing’s Community F as an Example

Currently,there is a lack of research on the detailed environmental spatial design of community daycare centers at the micro level.This study focuses on Community F in Chongqing,using the elderly’s“willingness to demand”as a central aspect.It examines indoor and outdoor environmental space needs at a micro level,considering both functional requirements and spiritual needs based on existing research.The analysis incorporates three adaptive elements:current construction,surrounding environment,and operational management.It explores the feasibility of restructuring spatial layouts,utilizing local resources,and integrating Bayu cultural characteristics.Finally,through design optimization practices,the study proposes three strategies for aging optimization:functional integration and interaction,user-friendly facilities,and emotional connections to place.

Living environment shaped residents’willingness to pay for ecosystem services in Yangtze River Middle Reaches Megalopolis,China

Profound understanding on the diversity of local residents’willingness to pay(WTP)for ecosystem services(ESs)may aid evaluation of policy impacts by uncovering trade-offs and synergies for achieving sustainable environmental resource management.However,the reasons for the spatial preference heterogeneity of WTP are still unclear.In this study,an extensive survey with 4,580 residents in the Yangtze River Middle Reaches Megalopolis(YRMRM),central China,was carried out to investigate the public’s WTP to maintain and improve ESs.We identified key influencing factors and explored how they shaped the preference heterogeneity in WTP by random forest model and surface fitting method.Our results showed that 81.4% of residents reported WTP for ESs greater than zero.Water supply,waste treatment,food supply and raw material supply were the preferred ESs for residents.Living environment factors(i.e.,extent of farmland,water and forest near the residence)were found as the key drivers of WTP.Proximity to farmland,water and forests resulted in high WTP values for a series of specific ESs.The reasons for the heterogeneity of WTP are(1)the difference in proximity to farmland,water and forest(i.e.,the contributor to ESs),(2)the divergence of local residents’preferences for ESs.This study disclosed the heterogeneity and causes of public preferences in YRMRM,which could help policy and decision makers to develop eco-compensation initiatives towards conservative and sustainable use of the environmental resources.

Willingness to Pay (WTP) for an Improved Environmental Quality in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Increasing generation of rice husk requires better quality disposal options in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The common practice has been incineration or dumping into dumpsite. The enormous heaps of these rice husks which have piled up since the 1960s now constitute nuisance. Removal of this rice husk from the environment is urgently needed because of the environmental pollution and health hazards it poses to the people and the environs. This study estimates the willingness to pay (WTP) for improved waste disposal services. Findings indicated that about 95% (152) of the households were willing to pay for removal of rice husk waste with an average amount of N957. Factors that positively affected WTP for the removal of rice husk from the environment include annual income (0.001), years of education (0.013), farm size (0.051), age (0.025) and farming experience (0.008), while household size (0.003) and distances of homes/farms from rice mill centers (RMCs) (0.001) were inversely related to WTP with the R2 value of 77%. About 90% (144) of the respondents generated rice husk with an average of 23 bags (kg). The study therefore recommends among others that through the help of extension agents, the general public should be informed on the need for waste recycling and the need for attitudinal change towards recycled product.

An Application of ＇Willingness to Pay＇ Method as a Quantifier for Environmental Impact Assessment

The preservation/restoration of natural environment is frequently entailing excessive cost （paid by people through taxation） while it is a source of additional income for both, the State and the people, due to tourism. Since the evaluation of this good cannot be in market terms, it is applied here in a modified version of the CVM （Contingent Valuation Method）, which is used in experimental economics in order to investigate the significance that people put on this good and how much they might be WTP （Willing to Pay） for supporting activities concerning the preservation/restoration of Lake Kastoria. The WTP dependence on （i） external diseconomies; （ii） the expectations for property values＇ rise as a result of the restoration; （iii） the proximity of interviewees＇ residence to the lake; （iv） the opinion of the interviewee on the time and money spent to visit the lake; （v） the time and money the interviewees spent to visit the lake, as well as other dependencies （all taken as independent variables） are estimated by means oflogit, probit, logistic and linear regression models. The optimal concentration Copt of a pollutant in the environment can be determined as an equilibrium point in the tradeoff between （i） environmental cost, due to impact on man/ecosystem/economy; and （ii） economic cost for environmental protection, as it can be expressed by Pigouvian tax. These two conflict variables are internalized within the same techno-economic objective function of total cost, which is minimized. In this work, the first conflict variable is represented by a WTP index. A methodology is developed for the estimation of this index by using fuzzy sets to count for uncertainty. Implementation of this methodology is presented, concerning odor pollution of air round an olive pomace oil mill.

How Environmental Attitudes Affect Consumers’Willingness to Engage in Green Consumption Behaviors:The Moderating Role of“Plastic Restriction”

Consumers’willingness to engage in green consumption behavior will be guided by internal psychological factors and also influenced by external environmental factors.One of the most common external interventions is the issuance of scientific policies and regulations.The government may introduce policies and regulations that help to increase the willingness of green consumption behavior,such as energy-saving and emission reduction policies and policies to restrict plastic products.In this paper,the authors study the mechanism of the effect of environmental attitudes on consumers’willingness to engage in green consumption behavior from the perspective of“plastic restriction”,and conclude that the magnitude of the effect of policies and regulations on the willingness to engage in green consumption behavior varies significantly at different levels of environmental attitudes.This study provides scientific implementation ideas and targeted management suggestions for the government to formulate effective external intervention policies for green consumption.

Study on the Willingness to Pay the Tourists in the Ecological Environment Protection of Huashan Scenic Spot

In this paper, CVM method (conditional value evaluation method, also known as willingness investigation method) is used to investigate the willingness to pay about the ecological environment protection cost of Shaanxi Huashan scenic spot in July and August, 2013. By establishing the Logistic regression model, the per capita willingness to pay (WTP) of the tourists is calculated to be 79.2 yuan / person. The results show that the tourists' awareness of environmental protection is increasing day by day, and the visitors are fully aware of the importance of protecting the ecological environment. 57.85% of the tourists will be willing to pay, including civil servants, self-employed persons, college degree or above, family monthly income in the 8000-10000 yuan visitors will pay higher. This provides a reference for the sustainable development and development of ecotourism in Huashan Scenic Spot.

Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Residents' WTP for Environmental Protection in Tourist Destination——A Case Study of Yellow River Stone Forest in Jingtai of Gusu Province

On the basis of questionnaire survey,by adopting Contingent Valuation Method,residents' WTP for the protection of Yellow River Hoodoo National Geopark in Longwan Village,Jingtai County of Gansu Province was investigated.The result showed that tourism development had greatly influenced local society,economy and culture.Residents in this area had a strong awareness of all the factors above mentioned and showed a positive attitude.Local residents would definitely like to provide a certain degree of labor or money to promote the development of tourism,which was different from the residents' attitude of developed countries.To some extent,it reflected the characteristics of tourism development in developing countries.However,the result of this paper that demographic among residents had little effect on WTP also differed from previous researches.The improvement of living standard and residents' consciousness of environmental protection were the main reasons affecting residents' WTP.Besides,the amount of payment was also in remarkable correlation with the improvement of living standard and the destruction degree of local ecological environment.

Consumer willingness to pay for plastic bags levy and willingness to accept eco-friendly alternatives in Botswana

Plastic bags, though commonly used for packaging of goods, are highly durable and non- biodegradable. Plastic bag litter serves as a negative environmental externality detrimental to animal health and natural beauty of the environment. In an effort to curtail the excessive use of plastic bags in Botswana, the government introduced a plastic levy targeted at consumers at retail points. This study uses primary data collected from 367 respondents randomly selected from six geospatially and purposively selected shopping malls to determine the consumers＇ willingness to pay （WTP） for continued plastic bag usage and their willingness to accept （WTA） to shift to eco-friendly alternatives. The results of the study revealed that open dumping and burning of plastic litter are more common in Maun than in Gaborone, It also showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of education and W＇FP. Further, there is a significant variation in income and education in respect to environmental awareness. The government should improve its efforts of sensitizing the public about the improper disposal of plastic bags.

Farmers' Willingness to Pay( WTP ) for Reducing Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution: Based on the Empirical Analysis of 453 Farmers

With the rapid development of modern agriculture,agricultural non-point source pollution becomes increasingly serious in China,improving farmers' environmental protection consciousness plays a very important role in the reduction of agricultural non-point source pollution,and the WTP of Farmers for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution strongly reflects the strength of their environmental protection consciousness. Therefore,this investigation and study choose rural areas of five counties from Chongqing city and Zhejiang province as our sample,respectively make interview survey with the WTP(money or voluntary work) of farmers for improving local water and soil quality. Based on the statistical analysis of survey data,this study also takes empirical test and analysis with the influence factors on the WTP of farmers for reducing agricultural non-point source pollution. The analysis and conclusions of this research provides the supports in theory and practice for optimizing farmers' behavior,promoting the management of agricultural non-point source pollution and implementing new rural construction goal.

公路桥梁物化阶段环境影响货币化分析

为科学定量地评估公路桥梁物化阶段环境影响,并明确降低桥梁工程负面环境影响的关键着力点,基于生命周期评价方法引入支付意愿理论建立公路桥梁物化阶段环境影响货币化分析模型,将环境影响评价结果统一到经济维度,使其兼具环境和经济含义。应用该模型对渝湘高速五布河特大桥进行分析,从时间和空间2个维度出发研究桥梁基础结构、下部结构、上部结构和桥面系4个部分环境影响值分布特征,并采用MATLAB软件开展蒙特卡洛模拟,对各具体施工环节环境影响值进行不确定性分析。研究结果表明:桥梁材料生产阶段是物化阶段环境影响控制的重点,该阶段各影响类型中由于全球变暖造成的环境影响尤为明显。基础、下部和上部结构在材料生产阶段的环境影响值自下而上呈递增趋势,在施工建造阶段呈递减趋势。打桩钻孔机械、起重及垂直运输机械和泵类机械被确定为关键机械类型,是施工建造阶段环境影响值的主要贡献来源。桥墩-混凝土和主梁-混凝土2个施工环节的总体不确定度最大,以变异系数作为衡量指标,钢筋施工环节总环境影响不确定度小于混凝土施工环节,各环节总环境影响不确定度小于各类环境影响不确定度。研究结果符合工程实际,验证了模型的适用性,可为公路桥梁环境影响评价工作提供科学依据和有益参考。

农户环境健康风险意识对环保技术采纳意愿的影响研究——以湖南省新晃侗族自治县为例

基于“同一健康(One Health)”理论,运用结构方程模型(SEM)来分析和测量多个影响因素对农户畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用技术采纳意愿的作用。根据2021—2022年湖南省新晃侗族自治县进行的实地调研数据,采用分层抽样和简单随机抽样的方法,设定6个潜在变量:农户采纳意愿、同一健康认知、健康感、制度信任、政府宣导以及采纳条件。其中,同一健康认知是主要关注的变量,分析其对农户采纳意愿的影响,同时也考察其他潜变量在各路径中的作用。得出结论:农户的同一健康认知对其健康感产生影响,从而间接影响他们对环保技术的采纳意愿。同一健康认知并不能直接决定农户的采纳行为,而是作为中介因素影响其采纳意愿。在意愿得到普遍认同的情况下,行为才可能发生。因此,政府可通过宣传和普及健康教育,培育农户的同一健康理论和环境监控风险意识,同时也应维持自身的公信力,加强技术推广和政策补贴。

环境关心对消费者快递包装回收意愿的影响

消费者是快递包装废弃物的产生者,也是快递包装回收的源头主体。从消费者视角出发分析环境关心对快递包装回收意愿的影响,有助于发挥消费者在快递包装回收过程中的核心主体作用,推进绿色物流和资源可持续利用。本文基于问卷调查收集到的381份有效样本数据,运用层次回归分析方法进行分析,结果表明:消费者的环境关心水平、月收入水平显著正向影响其快递包装回收意愿,消费者的社会身份对其快递包装回收意愿具有显著影响。

公平感知会影响旅游地居民的环境责任行为吗?——基于西江千户苗寨的实证研究

社区居民环境责任行为的实施对当地可持续发展意义重大。以西江千户苗寨的旅游社区居民为研究对象,以公平理论和社会交换理论为基础,采用结构方程模型分析旅游地居民的公平感知、社区参与和环境责任行为之间的关系。结果显示:分配公平感知对旅游地居民的社区参与产生积极影响;社区参与在居民分配公平感知和环境责任行为之间起到中介作用;地方认同正向调节旅游地居民社区参与对普通环保行为的影响。应改进利益分配机制,提高居民分配公平感知,尽可能保留旅游目的地的在地文化特色,增强居民的地方认同感,积极引导居民社区参与,进而激发他们实施环境责任行为。

中国人口年龄结构转变与空气质量需求——基于2005-2021CGSS的实证研究

本文通过匹配2005—2021年CGSS微观调查数据和空气质量数据,采用生活满意度法对居民环境支付意愿进行测度,分析和预测人口年龄结构转变对社会总环境质量需求的影响。研究表明:①居民愿意为一单位API、SO_(2)、PM_(10)和NO_(2)浓度下降的年均环境质量分别支付736.4元、807.7元、639.5元和922.4元。②在年龄效应上,环境支付意愿与年龄呈现出先增后减的“倒U”形分布,其峰值出现在50岁~70岁;在出生队列效应上,年轻一代的环境支付意愿要显著强于年老一代。③基于人口年龄结构变化的预测结果,年龄效应和出生队列效应将共同驱动社会整体空气质量改善需求显著增强。到2035年,居民针对API、SO_(2)和PM_(10)的边际环境支付意愿将达到人均家庭收入的5.02%、11.54%和6.13%,分别较2015年上升24.9%、24.7%和17.4%。

社会信任、环境问题关注与居民环境支付意愿——基于CGSS2021数据的分析

加强环境保护是实现可持续发展的关键,而居民的环境支付意愿则是推动环保工作的重要动力。基于CGSS2021的数据,对我国居民环境支付意愿的影响因素进行分析。研究发现:当前我国居民的环境支付意愿整体水平不高,且最能接受的环境保护代价为支付更高的价格;政治面貌、社会信任、环境问题关注对环境支付意愿有显著的正向影响;年龄对环境支付意愿有显著的负向影响;且环境问题关注在社会信任与环境支付意愿之间起到部分中介作用。因此,提高社会信任有助于加强居民对环境问题的关注,从而提高其环境支付意愿,推动生态环境保护,建设美丽中国。

生态标签利己属性对农产品消费偏好的影响

为促进农业生产绿色转型,需要寻找进一步提高生态标签产品市场占有率的突破口。该文基于新型种植技术设计1个同时包含高品质(如营养、风味)与环保信息的新型生态标签,采用离散选择实验估计消费者的偏好和支付意愿(WTP)及影响因素,对比其与现有有机标签。得到结果,高品质带来的利己属性极大提高了消费者对生态标签的WTP,使其远高于对有机标签的WTP;环境意识对有机标签偏好的影响显著为正,但对新型生态标签偏好的影响不显著,利己属性的加入可能弱化了环境意识对偏好的重要性。该文揭示未来生态产品研发、生态标签设计的一个新方向,鼓励绿色农产品的消费。

基于QCA方法的企业绿色创新水平影响机制研究

绿色创新已成为新时期各地区经济高质量发展的助推器,然而,对于如何促进企业取得高水平绿色创新一直没有得到有效解决。通过搜索国内30个省(市、自治区)的数据资料,采用定性比较分析方法(QCA)对创新资源、外部压力与环保意愿3个层面的7个条件进行整合分析,发现高绿色创新水平的驱动机制包括资源推动型、政策依赖型以及环保意愿型等三种类型。对于企业高绿色创新投入以及政府扶持力度大的地区,环境规制是提升绿色创新水平的重要条件。而对于企业自身绿色环保意识较强的地区,省际研发技术溢出或者外商投资的数量是影响当地企业绿色创新的主要因素,此时环境规制作用并不显著。研究结果为进一步优化创新资源配置、营造治理环境从而灵活促进各区域绿色创新水平提供了借鉴和参考。

信息透明度、环保关注与重污染企业绿色创新

企业信息透明度作为一种信息与治理机制,对于缓解绿色创新投融资约束具有重要作用。以2011—2020年中国A股上市重污染企业为样本,基于内外双重视角分析信息透明度对重污染企业绿色创新的影响。结果表明,信息透明度与重污染企业绿色创新绩效正相关,来自政府和社会公众的环保关注对上述关系发挥正向调节作用;中介机制检验结果表明,信息透明度主要通过降低外部融资成本和提高内部绿色创新意愿,提高重污染企业绿色创新绩效。研究结论有助于识别绿色创新因素中的信息机制,为构建政府—公众—企业的多维环境治理体系提供经验证据和参考。

环境污染感知、环保意愿与农民生活满意度

随着经济社会发展水平的提高,人们生活方式发生转变,改善生活质量成为公众更高层次的追求。生活满意度作为评价生活质量的重要依据,愈益受到社会各界关注。文章基于环境污染感知视角,采用CSS2019数据,运用Ordered Probit和OLS模型就生态环境对农民生活满意度的影响进行实证检验。结果显示:环境污染感知对农民生活满意度有显著负向影响,且该影响存在收入和区域差异。环保意愿在环境污染感知与生活满意度二者的关系中具有调节作用,当农民意识到环境污染恶化时,积极的环保意愿能缓解环境污染对生活满意度的消极影响。此外,相对于客观环境污染,环境污染感知更能直接反映环境质量对其生活满意度的影响。因此,政府不仅要继续加强环境治理,优先解决农民反映最强烈的环境问题,在发展经济的同时提升农民生活满意度;还要改善农民对环境质量的感知,提升公众环保参与度。

信息获取渠道对农户有机肥施用行为的影响研究——基于农户环境治理意愿的调节效应视角

施用有机肥是改善农村生态环境、实现农业可持续发展的重要举措。文章利用四川省内1382个农户调研数据,通过因子分析法综合评估农户的信息获取渠道,运用二元Logistic回归模型分析不同信息获取渠道对农户有机肥施用行为的影响,并考虑农户环境治理意愿在信息渠道对农户有机肥施用行为影响中的调节效应。结果表明:化肥销售商店信息渠道与农户环境治理意愿对农户有机肥施用行为有着显著影响,且农户环境治理意愿在化肥销售商店信息渠道对农户有机肥施用行为的影响中发挥正向调节作用。我们应加大力度利用化肥销售商店传递商品有机肥信息、保证产品质量、提高农户环境治理意愿进而提高有机肥的使用量。