Control Approaches to Soil Pollution from Heavy Metals

With the continuous development of human society and economy and the continuous progress of industrial technology,more and more pollutants are discharged into the natural environment,and soil environment is also affected at the same time. Among pollutants leading to soil pollution,heavy metals have resulted in most serious soil pollution. Here,many control and restoration approaches to soil pollution from heavy metals are proposed,and characteristics and applicable conditions of various methods are compared,so as to provide theoretical references for the control and restoration of soil pollution from heavy metals in future.

Farmland Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Control Measures

Soil pollution has been considered as one of the main environmental problems in the world nowadays. The source of soil heavy metal pollution in farmland, the effect of heavy metal pollution on soil quality in farmland, growth of crops, quality of agricultural products and the effects of heavy metal pollution on human health were discussed in this paper. The heavy metal pollution control measures were introduced, including physical and chemical regulations, phytoremediation and agroecological restoration measures. The future research perspective was also discussed in this paper.

Investigation of Heavy Metals and Radionuclide’s Impact on Environment Due to The Waste Products of Different Iron Processing Industries in Chittagong, Bangladesh

The waste products, such as induction furnace slag, ladle furnace slag, air pollution control dust, and ramming mass collected from major iron processing industries in Chittagong, Bangladesh were analyzed for heavy metals and naturally radioactive elements. The concentrations of heavy metals Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cu and Zn were obtained from atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) analysis with flame atomizer and the radioactivities due to 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were determined using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector of well shielded gamma-ray counting system. From the mean specific activities of the above three natural radionuclides in the investigated samples, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq) and the external hazard index (Hex) were calculated. The study showed the prospect of contamination of environmental materials (viz., soil, water, air, plant) due to many of these investigated elements by using the collected waste products in landfill. The chemical process of ion exchange indicates that the elevated heavy metals in soil can play a role to increase the natural radioactivity of the soil. The obtained Raeq as well as Hex indicated the insignificant radiation hazard due to the activities of primordial radionuclides found in the investigated samples.

Leaching behavior of Pb and Zn in air pollution control residues and their modeling prediction

Increasing attention has been paid to air pollution control （APC） residues in China recently due to the rising proportion of waste incineration and the hazardous characteristics of the residues, among which heavy metal leaching toxicity plays an important role. Leaching behavior and potential risk of Pb and Zn in the APC residues from a Shanghai municipal solid waste （MSW） incinerator was studied, based on the leaching tests under different conditions and theoretical calculation using a geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium model MINTEQA2. Results showed that, extractant species and liquid to solid （L/S） ratio predominantly controlled the leaching toxicity of Pb and Zn, while ionic strength, vibration method and leaching time had less effect on the metals release. Leachate/final pH determined the metal leaching behavior, which changed the speciation of heavy metals in the extraction system. The equilibrium aqueous speciation, precipitation-dissolution of Pb and Zn was investigated according to the model computation, which was well in agreement with the experimental results.

Environmental behavior, human health effect, and pollution control of heavy metal(loid)s toward full life cycle processes

Heavy metal(loid)s(HMs)have caused serious environmental pollution and health risks.Although the past few years have witnessed the achievements of studies on environmental behavior of HMs,the related toxicity mechanisms,and pollution control,their relationship remains a mystery.Researchers generally focused on one topic independently without comprehensive considerations due to the knowledge gap between environmental science and human health.Indeed,the full life cycle control of HMs is crucial and should be reconsidered with the combination of the occurrence,transport,and fate of HMs in the environment.Therefore,we started by reviewing the environmental behaviors of HMs which are affected by a variety of natural factors as well as their physicochemical properties.Furthermore,the related toxicity mechanisms were discussed according to exposure route,toxicity mechanism,and adverse consequences.In addition,the current state-of-the-art of available technologies for pollution control of HMs wastewater and solid wastes were summarized.Finally,based on the research trend,we proposed that advanced in-operando characterizations will help us better understand the fundamental reaction mechanisms,and big data analysis approaches will aid in establishing the prediction model for risk management.

竹笋重金属污染与膳食风险评估及有效阻控研究

重金属污染是全球公认的环境问题,重金属胁迫下农产品安全成为近些年的研究热点。竹笋作为一种健康食品,在世界范围内广受欢迎。此前,已经发表了许多关于竹笋重金属污染方面的论文,重金属污染已对竹笋安全构成威胁。该文主要综述了竹笋的重金属污染特征、膳食健康风险及阻控方法。结果表明,竹笋主要受Pb污染,毛竹冬笋重金属超标比其他竹笋严重,笋皮和笋根中富集系数较大,基于总量通过非致癌目标风险系数(target hazard quotient,THQ)评价重金属的健康风险,表明儿童的健康风险会比成人的高,但基于此评价尚存在不足,需进行下一步的生物可给性和建立细胞模型等进行健康风险的综合评估。在控制竹笋重金属污染上,可考虑土壤的理化性质,Ca肥、富Se肥或纳米材料可在未来加以应用,以期为竹笋安全生产提供参考。

农田重金属沿植食性昆虫-天敌昆虫传递及对害虫生物防治的影响

农田重金属污染是全球农业面临的重要环境问题之一。重金属经植物吸收富集,由植食性昆虫取食并积累而产生上行效应,影响天敌昆虫的生长发育、生殖能力以及行为,进而影响天敌对害虫的控制作用。本文系统总结了农田生态系统中重金属沿植食性昆虫传递对天敌昆虫的影响,分析了农田重金属污染对害虫生物防治的直接与间接影响效应,发现重金属胁迫一般会导致天敌昆虫生长发育延缓、生殖力降低、捕食量减少等,直接影响害虫生物防治效果;但也可能导致害虫毒物兴奋效应产生和抗性能力增强,间接增加害虫防治难度。根据研究现状,对重金属污染影响天敌昆虫和生物防治的未来研究方向进行了展望。

河湖沉积物中重金属镉污染治理技术及应用

随着现代工农业的迅猛发展,矿山开采、冶炼及农业生产等活动逐渐增加,向环境排放的重金属Cd含量也逐年增多。湖泊沉积物作为“储蓄库”,其Cd污染问题也日益严重。河湖底泥中富集的Cd在水环境条件发生改变时,易重新释放入水体,被水生生物体吸收利用,并通过食物链对人体健康产生危害。目前,我国河流湖泊底泥中呈现出不同程度的Cd污染,且在部分底泥中Cd已成为污染最严重的重金属,对重金属Cd污染底泥的处理与处置已刻不容缓。因此,文中综述了我国湖泊沉积物中重金属Cd污染现状及潜在生态风险,依次介绍了Cd污染底泥原位修复治理技术研发进展及不同修复方法的机理与应用,并对湖泊重金属Cd污染底泥治理技术前景进行了展望,拟为湖泊重金属Cd污染底泥修复提供技术参考:(1)研究如何系统地统计分析Cd污染底泥现状及潜在生态风险,规定不同底泥环境中Cd的规范值十分必要;(2)碳基吸附剂的再生及可分离性等问题有待解决;(3)开展植物修复Cd污染底泥的中试试验及规模应用有利于底泥修复技术的研究;(4)选择合适有效的微生物和水生植物相结合对沉积物Cd进行控制和修复,可能是未来治理湖泊底泥Cd污染的重要研究方向。

我国农田土壤重金属污染现状及治理研究进展

农田土壤重金属污染导致农作物重金属含量超标,这些重金属随食物链进入人体,对人体健康造成危害。了解农田土壤重金属污染现状、重金属污染对农作物的危害以及污染农田的治理方法,对保障饮食安全具有重要意义。本文综述了我国农田土壤重金属污染现状,阐述了农田土壤重金属污染可能对农作物造成的影响,概括了目前农田土壤重金属污染的主要治理方式,分析了这些治理方式的差异性和优缺点,并对未来农田土壤重金属污染治理的方向进行了展望,以期为我国农田土壤重金属污染治理的进一步研究提供参考。

土壤重金属污染治理与修复策略思考

土壤重金属污染已经成为全球的关键环境问题之一。本研究针对这一问题进行了深入探讨,并提出了有效的治理与修复策略。首先,本文对重金属污染的来源及其对土壤环境的影响进行了分析,尤其是详细探讨了重金属对土壤微生物活动及其物理化学性质的影响。再次,本文根据不同的重金属污染情况提出了多种修复策略,包括化学方法、生物方法以及物理方法等,并就其优劣势进行对比,为决策者提供决策参考。研究结果表明,通过综合应用多种修复策略,可以有效解决土壤的重金属污染问题。此外,本文还呼吁各地政府在污染治理方面增强预防意识,实施严格的排放标准,同时加强对污染事件的监测与善后处理,防止污染情况进一步恶化。本文对土壤重金属污染的治理与修复进行了深入思考,为该领域的研究与实践提供了重要的理论参考。

典型地质背景区土壤重金属污染生态防治技术研究

选取某典型地质背景作为研究区域,通过合理布置采样点采集土壤样品,测定土壤中各重金属元素含量,结合研究区的地质条件与实际概况,分析土壤重金属污染物的浓度特征与垂向剖面土壤团聚体重金属分布特征,基于此,针对土壤重金属的污染特征制备土壤污染修复淋洗剂,并进行了污染生态防治实验,通过比较低、中、高三种浓度下不同类型淋洗剂对Mn、Pb和Zn的去除效果可知,对于土壤中Mn、Pb和Zn具有较好去除效果的淋洗剂类型及浓度分别为中浓度的EDTA、高浓度乙酸和高浓度的草酸。

园林景观设计中土壤重金属污染风险治理方法研究

在园林景观设计建设过程中,易造成土壤的重金属污染,从而影响生态环境,对人类的生存及健康造成重大威胁,为此提出园林景观设计中土壤重金属污染风险治理方法。首先介绍了研究区域概况、样本采集方法和样本数据分析方法;其次获取民法典主题公园设计施工前后十个采样点的土壤重金属含量数据,并分析重金属单因子污染指数、综合污染指数,划分污染等级。实验结果表明,园林景观设计建设会降低园林土壤中的重金属含量,减轻原有土壤的重金属污染等级,所提出的治理方法可以促进生态环境的改善。

风险管控思路的土壤重金属污染及防治策略

以河南省郑州市某矿区周边农田为例,基于风险管控思路,对土壤重金属污染进行了研究。结果表明;5种重金属Zn、Cr、Pb、Cu、Cd在各土层的质量分数顺序均为Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd,其质量分数随土层深度增加而减小;在0~15 cm土层中,Cu、Cr、Zn、Pb质量分数明显高于下层土壤,其来源可能主要为工厂排放烟尘、大气降尘、汽车尾气等,其中Cu、Cd、Pb平均质量分数分别高于研究区背景值20.30%、93.10%、57.47%;重金属向下层迁移作用不显著,主要在表层富集,且从土壤进入食物链风险加大;土壤重金属间均显著正相关,Zn、Cu相关性最高,Cr、Cd、Pb间相关性较弱。Cd变异性在第一主成分中较大,高值区主要分布于水泥厂附近,确定“三废”、农田施肥、交通运输等人为活动为第一主成分。提出针对优先保护类和安全利用类等土壤重金属污染的防治对策。

农田土壤重金属污染的评估及治理措施研究

针对农田土壤重金属污染的评估方法及其治理措施进行研究。采用网格法采集农田土壤样本并进行预处理,对土壤样本的理化参数进行测定,得出重金属含量结果。建立半变异函数模型分析农田土壤的空间特征,计算重金属污染指数,对应得出农田土壤的重金属污染程度评估结果,提出生物、物理、化学相结合的治理措施。与农田土壤重金属污染程度标准进行对比可知,研究区的污染程度在中度污染和很强污染的区间内,与农田土壤的真实重金属污染结果高度一致。农田土壤重金属污染的评估结果准确度较高,可根据该结果采取相应的治理措施,有效对农田土壤进行保护与修复,具有良好的推广意义。

污泥基生物炭的制备及其在环境污染治理中的应用

随着我国水处理厂普及率逐渐上升,剩余污泥产量增长迅速,且因其危害性高、难处理的特点,在环境污染治理中备受关注。污泥基生物炭是以污泥为原料通过热解方式制得的固体产物,因其良好的吸附和催化性能被广泛应用于环境介质中各类污染物的去除。本文对污泥基生物炭的制备方法、热解温度对其理化性能的影响及其改性处理的研究进展进行了综述,并对其催化机理研究、回收再利用和应用于土壤污染治理的前景作出了展望。

浅谈食品包装材料中重金属检测技术与质量控制

随着我国食品行业的不断革新,各种加工类食品不断进入人们的生活,其包装材料的安全性直接影响着人们的饮食安全。就当前现状而言,食品包装材料中的重金属污染是造成食品包装袋不合格的主要原因之一。基于以上问题,本文就我国食品包装材料发展现状及其重金属来源做了简要分析,并从已有的食品包装袋重金属检测技术入手,对当前检测技术进行了阐述,并针对食品重金属检测存在的问题及质量控制方法进行了研究,旨在加强我国食品包装材料的质量安全。

地矿行业中的重金属污染与控制技术研究

本研究围绕地矿行业中重金属污染及其控制技术进行探讨。分析了重金属对水质、土壤质量以及生态系统和人类健康的影响。指出了检测与监测技术在识别和评估污染中的关键作用,包括样品采集、原子荧光光谱、质谱分析及数据管理。研究重点在于物理、化学和生物控制技术的应用,如固化、稳定化、化学沉淀和植物修复。通过案例分析,展示了综合控制策略的有效性,特别是在湖南省湘江流域的应用,证明了多元化措施对环境质量改善的积极影响。

农产品中重金属污染的快速筛查与质量控制

随着工业化和城市化的快速发展,农产品中重金属污染问题日益严重,对人类健康和生态环境构成严重威胁。本文简要探讨农产品中重金属污染快速筛查与质量控制的重要性,分析农产品中重金属污染的现状,识别存在的问题,并提出相应的优化策略。

粮油食品中重金属污染现状及检测方法探讨

粮油食品中的重金属污染已成为威胁食品安全和公众健康的严峻问题。本文综述粮油食品中重金属污染的种类、分布特征及检测方法,重点分析粮油食品中重金属污染检测现存问题,提出优化对策,以期为粮油食品重金属污染检测提供参考,促进食品安全监管水平的提升。

重金属铅污染及防治对策分析

随着工业化进程的加快,重金属铅污染问题日益凸显,对生态环境和人体健康构成了严重威胁。本文首先概述了重金属铅污染的来源、特点及危害,然后分析了当前重金属铅污染的防治现状和挑战,最后提出了针对性的防治对策和建议。通过文献综述、案例分析等方法,为重金属铅污染的防治提供科学依据和实用对策。