Control Approaches to Soil Pollution from Heavy Metals

With the continuous development of human society and economy and the continuous progress of industrial technology,more and more pollutants are discharged into the natural environment,and soil environment is also affected at the same time. Among pollutants leading to soil pollution,heavy metals have resulted in most serious soil pollution. Here,many control and restoration approaches to soil pollution from heavy metals are proposed,and characteristics and applicable conditions of various methods are compared,so as to provide theoretical references for the control and restoration of soil pollution from heavy metals in future.

Investigation of Heavy Metals and Radionuclide’s Impact on Environment Due to The Waste Products of Different Iron Processing Industries in Chittagong, Bangladesh

The waste products, such as induction furnace slag, ladle furnace slag, air pollution control dust, and ramming mass collected from major iron processing industries in Chittagong, Bangladesh were analyzed for heavy metals and naturally radioactive elements. The concentrations of heavy metals Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cu and Zn were obtained from atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) analysis with flame atomizer and the radioactivities due to 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were determined using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector of well shielded gamma-ray counting system. From the mean specific activities of the above three natural radionuclides in the investigated samples, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq) and the external hazard index (Hex) were calculated. The study showed the prospect of contamination of environmental materials (viz., soil, water, air, plant) due to many of these investigated elements by using the collected waste products in landfill. The chemical process of ion exchange indicates that the elevated heavy metals in soil can play a role to increase the natural radioactivity of the soil. The obtained Raeq as well as Hex indicated the insignificant radiation hazard due to the activities of primordial radionuclides found in the investigated samples.

Leaching behavior of Pb and Zn in air pollution control residues and their modeling prediction

Increasing attention has been paid to air pollution control （APC） residues in China recently due to the rising proportion of waste incineration and the hazardous characteristics of the residues, among which heavy metal leaching toxicity plays an important role. Leaching behavior and potential risk of Pb and Zn in the APC residues from a Shanghai municipal solid waste （MSW） incinerator was studied, based on the leaching tests under different conditions and theoretical calculation using a geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium model MINTEQA2. Results showed that, extractant species and liquid to solid （L/S） ratio predominantly controlled the leaching toxicity of Pb and Zn, while ionic strength, vibration method and leaching time had less effect on the metals release. Leachate/final pH determined the metal leaching behavior, which changed the speciation of heavy metals in the extraction system. The equilibrium aqueous speciation, precipitation-dissolution of Pb and Zn was investigated according to the model computation, which was well in agreement with the experimental results.

Environmental behavior, human health effect, and pollution control of heavy metal(loid)s toward full life cycle processes

Heavy metal(loid)s(HMs)have caused serious environmental pollution and health risks.Although the past few years have witnessed the achievements of studies on environmental behavior of HMs,the related toxicity mechanisms,and pollution control,their relationship remains a mystery.Researchers generally focused on one topic independently without comprehensive considerations due to the knowledge gap between environmental science and human health.Indeed,the full life cycle control of HMs is crucial and should be reconsidered with the combination of the occurrence,transport,and fate of HMs in the environment.Therefore,we started by reviewing the environmental behaviors of HMs which are affected by a variety of natural factors as well as their physicochemical properties.Furthermore,the related toxicity mechanisms were discussed according to exposure route,toxicity mechanism,and adverse consequences.In addition,the current state-of-the-art of available technologies for pollution control of HMs wastewater and solid wastes were summarized.Finally,based on the research trend,we proposed that advanced in-operando characterizations will help us better understand the fundamental reaction mechanisms,and big data analysis approaches will aid in establishing the prediction model for risk management.

竹笋重金属污染与膳食风险评估及有效阻控研究

重金属污染是全球公认的环境问题,重金属胁迫下农产品安全成为近些年的研究热点。竹笋作为一种健康食品,在世界范围内广受欢迎。此前,已经发表了许多关于竹笋重金属污染方面的论文,重金属污染已对竹笋安全构成威胁。该文主要综述了竹笋的重金属污染特征、膳食健康风险及阻控方法。结果表明,竹笋主要受Pb污染,毛竹冬笋重金属超标比其他竹笋严重,笋皮和笋根中富集系数较大,基于总量通过非致癌目标风险系数(target hazard quotient,THQ)评价重金属的健康风险,表明儿童的健康风险会比成人的高,但基于此评价尚存在不足,需进行下一步的生物可给性和建立细胞模型等进行健康风险的综合评估。在控制竹笋重金属污染上,可考虑土壤的理化性质,Ca肥、富Se肥或纳米材料可在未来加以应用,以期为竹笋安全生产提供参考。

河湖沉积物中重金属镉污染治理技术及应用

随着现代工农业的迅猛发展,矿山开采、冶炼及农业生产等活动逐渐增加,向环境排放的重金属Cd含量也逐年增多。湖泊沉积物作为“储蓄库”,其Cd污染问题也日益严重。河湖底泥中富集的Cd在水环境条件发生改变时,易重新释放入水体,被水生生物体吸收利用,并通过食物链对人体健康产生危害。目前,我国河流湖泊底泥中呈现出不同程度的Cd污染,且在部分底泥中Cd已成为污染最严重的重金属,对重金属Cd污染底泥的处理与处置已刻不容缓。因此,文中综述了我国湖泊沉积物中重金属Cd污染现状及潜在生态风险,依次介绍了Cd污染底泥原位修复治理技术研发进展及不同修复方法的机理与应用,并对湖泊重金属Cd污染底泥治理技术前景进行了展望,拟为湖泊重金属Cd污染底泥修复提供技术参考:(1)研究如何系统地统计分析Cd污染底泥现状及潜在生态风险,规定不同底泥环境中Cd的规范值十分必要;(2)碳基吸附剂的再生及可分离性等问题有待解决;(3)开展植物修复Cd污染底泥的中试试验及规模应用有利于底泥修复技术的研究;(4)选择合适有效的微生物和水生植物相结合对沉积物Cd进行控制和修复,可能是未来治理湖泊底泥Cd污染的重要研究方向。

典型地质背景区土壤重金属污染生态防治技术研究

选取某典型地质背景作为研究区域,通过合理布置采样点采集土壤样品,测定土壤中各重金属元素含量,结合研究区的地质条件与实际概况,分析土壤重金属污染物的浓度特征与垂向剖面土壤团聚体重金属分布特征,基于此,针对土壤重金属的污染特征制备土壤污染修复淋洗剂,并进行了污染生态防治实验,通过比较低、中、高三种浓度下不同类型淋洗剂对Mn、Pb和Zn的去除效果可知,对于土壤中Mn、Pb和Zn具有较好去除效果的淋洗剂类型及浓度分别为中浓度的EDTA、高浓度乙酸和高浓度的草酸。

污泥基生物炭的制备及其在环境污染治理中的应用

随着我国水处理厂普及率逐渐上升,剩余污泥产量增长迅速,且因其危害性高、难处理的特点,在环境污染治理中备受关注。污泥基生物炭是以污泥为原料通过热解方式制得的固体产物,因其良好的吸附和催化性能被广泛应用于环境介质中各类污染物的去除。本文对污泥基生物炭的制备方法、热解温度对其理化性能的影响及其改性处理的研究进展进行了综述,并对其催化机理研究、回收再利用和应用于土壤污染治理的前景作出了展望。

基于高光谱遥感技术的土壤污染监测研究

传统的土壤重金属的监测方法需要采集大量的样本数据,工艺复杂且成本高,不能满足实时、快速、大面积的监测土壤重金属含量的任务。本文利用无人机搭载高光谱成像仪遥感技术获取土壤重金属的光谱响应特征,并结合土壤重金属实测值,构建土壤重金属含量反演模型,探查区域内土壤重金属含量分布。结果表明,本文提出的监测方法对土壤重金属的监测可靠且高效,为土壤污染防治决策提供了动态、实时提供监测数据。

我国农田土壤重金属污染现状及治理研究进展

农田土壤重金属污染导致农作物重金属含量超标,这些重金属随食物链进入人体,对人体健康造成危害。了解农田土壤重金属污染现状、重金属污染对农作物的危害以及污染农田的治理方法,对保障饮食安全具有重要意义。本文综述了我国农田土壤重金属污染现状,阐述了农田土壤重金属污染可能对农作物造成的影响,概括了目前农田土壤重金属污染的主要治理方式,分析了这些治理方式的差异性和优缺点,并对未来农田土壤重金属污染治理的方向进行了展望,以期为我国农田土壤重金属污染治理的进一步研究提供参考。

基于底泥和水环境标准双重约束的水体重金属最大允许排放量研究

为合理计算以重金属铅排放为主要特征的排污口最大允许排放量,以江苏省宿迁市某典型工业园区污水处理厂排口为算例,以纳污水体水环境质量达标和底泥环境达标作为双重约束条件,采用二维非稳态水量水质耦合模型模型(考虑重金属在水体中沉降)模拟计算该排污口的重金属铅最大允许排放量。结果表明,该涉重排口最大允许排放量约束条件为地表水环境达标,而在区域底泥环境重金属含量较高时,底泥环境质量达标将可能成为排污口涉重废水最大允许排放量的首要约束条件。

钢铁行业土壤污染状况及治理对策浅析

钢铁行业作为我国国民经济的重要支柱产业,在推动社会经济发展的同时,也带来了严重的土壤环境污染问题。本文对钢铁行业土壤污染及治理现状进行系统分析,探讨了污染物的来源、污染物种类及污染物迁移特性,针对钢铁行业土壤污染特点提出了污染源头管控措施、污染主要修复方式、污染制度管理措施。本论文将为钢铁行业土壤污染修复提供更加系统科学依据。

我国农田土壤微塑料和重金属污染现状与研究展望

土壤是人类社会发展的重要战略资源,健康的农田土壤不仅是食品安全的基本要求,也是人类健康的根本保障。目前关于农田土壤中微塑料的研究尚处于起步阶段,由于缺乏统一的检测标准,关于农田土壤微塑料丰度的报道差异较大。我国农田土壤重金属含量总体上呈现明显的南高北低、西高东低的分布规律,与微塑料污染有一定的耦合关系。微塑料对重金属的吸附可使其产生富集效应,可能增加其生物有效性和毒性。重金属被吸附后可随着微塑料进行迁移转化,通过解吸作用向环境中释放,造成更大范围的污染。由于农田土壤受人类活动影响较大,微塑料和重金属在土壤中的迁移、转化规律及耦合后的毒性效应需要进一步探究。本文对我国农田土壤中微塑料和重金属的污染现状、分布和迁移规律及两者的作用关系进行综述,并对未来的研究方向做了展望,为农田土壤中微塑料和重金属污染防控提供一定参考。

Determination of Harmful Elements and Analysis of Pollution Level in Lysimachia christinae

[Objectives]To detect content of Pb,Cd,Hg,As,Cu,Zn,and Cr in Lysimachia christinae,and to analyze the pollution level.[Methods]Seven kinds of elements in L.christinae were determined by Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and analyzed by single index and comprehensive index.[Results]The seven heavy metal elements showed good linearity in their respective concentration ranges.The recoveries of the samples were 84.5%-109.5%,and the RSD values were 2.30%-5.10%.Comparing the measured results of heavy metal elements with the limit values stipulated in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other standards,the Cr element in 19 batches of samples exceeded the standard,and the Zn element in 7 batches of samples exceeded the standard.The exceeding rates were 100.0%and 36.8%,respectively;the content of other heavy metal elements did not exceed the standard.The order of individual index from large to small was Cr,Zn,Cd,Hg,Cu,As,and Pb,and the average comprehensive pollution level was mild pollution and above.[Conclusions]L.christinae was mainly polluted by Cr,followed by Zn;this study can provide basic data for drafting of the limit standard for heavy metal elements in L.christinae.

13th Five-Year Plan of Anhui Province For Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control Issued

The 13th Five-Year Plan of Anhui Province for Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control('Plan'),jointly prepared by the Anhui Provincial Environmental Protection Department,Anhui Provincial Development and Reform Commission and Anhui Provincial Commission of Economy and Information Technology with technical support from

环境水质分析中重金属检测技术的运用探究

工业产业高速发展为国民经济的提升做出了巨大贡献,与此同时,也给水资源带来不同程度的损害。为提高环境水质检测水平,为水污染治理提供可靠数据,该文基于环境水质重金属检测重要性,阐述几种常见的重金属检测技术,并分析电感耦合等离子体质谱法在某水库水质检测的应用,以期能够为类似环境水质重金属检测提供指导。

硫铁矿制硫酸中部分重金属相关问题的探讨

文章分析以硫铁矿为原料制取工业硫酸的过程中,重金属元素(镉、汞、砷、铅、铬、铜、镍、锌、铊)的来源,及其在硫酸生产工艺中的物理、化学变化和最终去向,梳理国家在硫酸行业原料、产品及污染物排放标准中对重金属污染物指标的监控情况,讨论硫酸行业如何应对日益严苛的重金属排放控制要求,实现绿色健康发展。

盐城市典型地块周边土壤重金属污染及环境质量风险评价

评估工业园区、交通要道、城镇郊区及港口区等典型地块周边土壤重(类)金属污染风险,可为其周边土壤农业利用提供依据。以盐城市域西部复垦地块、老204国道-城镇工业园典型区块以及沿海港口区周边农用地74个点位及所种植物(小麦、大麦与芦苇)为对象,进行锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)的检测及其环境质量风险评价。结果表明,所测点位土壤8种元素均超出江苏省土壤元素地球化学基准值,超出点位在30%以上的元素分别是Cd(100.00%)、Cu(75.68%)、Zn(60.81%)、As(51.39%)、Hg(36.00%);参照GB 15618—2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》中的筛选值,Cd、As超标,超标率分别为66.67%、4.00%;以管制值为参照,仅Cd超标,超标率为20.27%。单项污染指数与综合污染指数结果表明,老204国道-城镇工业园典型区块及以西土壤Cd中重度污染点位多,环境质量风险较高;以东点位为Cd轻度污染,风险较低。对8种重(类)金属有效态含量及植物中相应元素检测,结果显示,这8种元素含量均低于植物元素限量标准值,尚未对所测植物的生长发育产生明显影响,体现了重金属在土壤-植物系统间复杂的迁移转化特性。

基于单片机的水质检查系统设计

设计一种能实时监测水位和检查水中重金属是否超标的检查系统。对水质检查系统的设计原理进行阐述;对单片机控制模块、水位深度传感器、水质电解器、水质检查笔进行设计与选型;对水位的实时监测与报警软件进行部分设计,并对实物模型进行设计与实验。结果表明:基于单片机的水质检查系统的实物模型能对水位进行实时监测,能检测水中重金属的含量,实现水质的判断,有助于环保部门水质监测和水利部门对洪灾进行评估。

铁载体在环境污染与资源利用中的应用研究进展

Fe在地表环境中的生物利用率极低,为了适应低铁环境,微生物和植物会分泌一种低分子量有机化合物--铁载体来螯合环境中的Fe(Ⅲ),以满足自身生命活动需求。铁载体在地表环境中普遍存在,并广泛参与微生物、植物和环境中Fe的迁移和转化。系统总结了铁载体的类型、检测方法以及其在矿物溶解、污染修复、植物促生和生物防治等领域的作用研究进展。结果表明:细菌、真菌、蓝细菌和植物均能产生不同类型铁载体,通过螯合作用从环境中摄取和竞争Fe;依据铁载体中特定的官能团,可采用生物方法和化学方法对其进行定性和定量检测;铁载体可以加速铁硅酸盐矿物和铁氧化物/氢氧化物矿物溶解,推动地表环境中不同相态Fe的生物地球化学循环;铁载体能够螯合多种重金属离子并促进有机污染物降解,修复重金属和有机物污染的土壤,维持土壤良好的生态功能和农业生产能力;铁载体还可以捕获植物所需的营养元素并抑制植物病原菌的繁殖,促进植物生长与产量提高,有效进行生物防治。最后,在综述研究的基础上展望了铁载体的未来研究方向,以期为推动铁载体在环境地学领域的研究发挥积极作用。