Improved transportation services are a crucial component of urban growth, particularly in emerging cities like Dhaka. Ensuring an improved public bus service quality is a challenge for the city’s transport planners a...Improved transportation services are a crucial component of urban growth, particularly in emerging cities like Dhaka. Ensuring an improved public bus service quality is a challenge for the city’s transport planners and policy makers. Nevertheless, this challenge can’t be met without the support of the residents of this city. This study intends to evaluate the commuters’ willingness to pay (WTP) for an improved and better public bus service quality in Dhaka city. It also attempts to explore the factors affecting the commuters’ WTP amounts. In order to accomplish the study’s goals, a stated preference survey was designed to enquire into the whys and wherefores of female passengers’ harassment on public buses and also to prefer some influential service quality features. WTP values of respondents were calibrated using binary and ordinal logistic models, and these models were developed using SPSS version 26. The results indicate that the majority of respondents were willing to pay more for better service facilities, and they point to security as the most important factor in determining how much extra fare commuters are willing to pay. The results also demonstrate that commuters’ WTP amounts are highly influenced by the respondents’ monthly income. Results from this study have important policy implications, such as protecting women’s safety on public transportation and taking commuters’ socio-demographic characteristics into account before enacting any legislation or increasing fares.展开更多
在不确定市场需求和回收数量的背景下,将决策者风险规避行为纳入到闭环供应链中,研究决策者风险规避系数、消费者WTP(willing to pay)、不确定性水平对闭环供应链的定价影响。研究发现:决策者的风险规避系数会间接影响回收价格;消费者WT...在不确定市场需求和回收数量的背景下,将决策者风险规避行为纳入到闭环供应链中,研究决策者风险规避系数、消费者WTP(willing to pay)、不确定性水平对闭环供应链的定价影响。研究发现:决策者的风险规避系数会间接影响回收价格;消费者WTP对再制品销售价格总是有利的,但对新产品销售价格和回收价格的影响与决策者风向规避特性有关;不确定性水平对定价决策的影响与风险持有者有关。展开更多
条件估值法(ContingentValuation Method,CVM),通过询问人们对于环境质量改善的支付意愿(W illingness To Pay,WTP)或受到损害后的受偿意愿(W illingness To Accept,WTA)来评估环境物品或服务的价值。虽然对CVM的准确性存在争议,但这一...条件估值法(ContingentValuation Method,CVM),通过询问人们对于环境质量改善的支付意愿(W illingness To Pay,WTP)或受到损害后的受偿意愿(W illingness To Accept,WTA)来评估环境物品或服务的价值。虽然对CVM的准确性存在争议,但这一方法正被越来越广泛地应用,人们认识到这一方法能够解决许多无法解决的问题。空气污染一直是澳门的环境问题,空气污染造成的损害是多方面的。本研究分2次进行,2002年12月SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)爆发前,进行了WTP的调查,打电话调查样本1 600个,回收有效问卷720份;2004年3月SARS爆发后,又进行了WTA调查,打电话调查样本1 336个,回收有效问卷543份。本研究旨在采用CVM中之WTP和WTA方法,分析比较SARS爆发前后,居民对澳门空气污染损失的意愿价值的变化情况,探讨WTP和WTA两种研究方法的估值差异,为城市环境管理提供决策依据。本研究的特点:①对调查的误差进行了统计学分析;②CVM的调查采用支付意愿和受偿意愿相结合的对比研究。经济分析结果表明,2002年SARS爆发前,以WTP分析得出澳门空气污染的年经济损失保守估计值为3.77亿MOP(澳门元,1美元=8.033MOP)、占当年GDP的0.69%;2004年SARS爆发后,以WTA法分析得出澳门空气污染的年经济损失最高估计值为14.32亿MOP/年,占当年GDP的2.2%。研究表明,SARS爆发后,居民的环护意识有不同程度的提高。展开更多
文摘Improved transportation services are a crucial component of urban growth, particularly in emerging cities like Dhaka. Ensuring an improved public bus service quality is a challenge for the city’s transport planners and policy makers. Nevertheless, this challenge can’t be met without the support of the residents of this city. This study intends to evaluate the commuters’ willingness to pay (WTP) for an improved and better public bus service quality in Dhaka city. It also attempts to explore the factors affecting the commuters’ WTP amounts. In order to accomplish the study’s goals, a stated preference survey was designed to enquire into the whys and wherefores of female passengers’ harassment on public buses and also to prefer some influential service quality features. WTP values of respondents were calibrated using binary and ordinal logistic models, and these models were developed using SPSS version 26. The results indicate that the majority of respondents were willing to pay more for better service facilities, and they point to security as the most important factor in determining how much extra fare commuters are willing to pay. The results also demonstrate that commuters’ WTP amounts are highly influenced by the respondents’ monthly income. Results from this study have important policy implications, such as protecting women’s safety on public transportation and taking commuters’ socio-demographic characteristics into account before enacting any legislation or increasing fares.
文摘在不确定市场需求和回收数量的背景下,将决策者风险规避行为纳入到闭环供应链中,研究决策者风险规避系数、消费者WTP(willing to pay)、不确定性水平对闭环供应链的定价影响。研究发现:决策者的风险规避系数会间接影响回收价格;消费者WTP对再制品销售价格总是有利的,但对新产品销售价格和回收价格的影响与决策者风向规避特性有关;不确定性水平对定价决策的影响与风险持有者有关。
