厚朴中总鞣质提纯工艺及抗菌活性研究

通过响应面设计优化厚朴(Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.)中总鞣质的提取工艺,并进一步纯化。结果表明,厚朴中总鞣质的最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶13、提取时间100 min、乙醇浓度80%、超声功率80 W,厚朴总鞣质提取量为0.1810 mg/g,与理论值0.1888 mg/g差距小。利用正交试验考察明胶溶液沉淀法对厚朴总鞣质的最佳纯化工艺为浓缩液比重1.5 mg/mL、明胶溶液浓度4%、明胶溶液添加量8 mL/100 mg,厚朴总鞣质提取量为2.743 mg/g。利用最小抑菌浓度测定法比较总鞣质对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的抗菌活性,表明厚朴中总鞣质具有一定的抗菌活性。

与ATP7B基因紧密连锁的微卫星DNA单体型在汉族Wilson病的多态性分析

目的 了解与ATP7B基因紧密连锁的微卫星DNA(D13S314 ,D13S30 1和D13S316 )单体型在正常人、Wilson病 (WD)患者及其杂合子的分布特点及意义。方法 采用荧光标记 3个短串联重复标记 (D13S314 ,D13S30 1和D13S316 ) ,测序定位和GenotypeTM 软件技术分析 71例WD患者和 12 3位父母的单体型。结果 在D13S314 ,D13S30 1和D13S316位点分析中得到 71例WD患者和 12 3位携带者及 5 4例正常个体等位基因片段 ;片段大小分别为 134～ 15 7bp,12 8～ 15 6bp 和 136～ 15 4bp;获得等位基因数分别为 19,2 0和 15个 ;3个位点的杂合率分别是 0 .79,0 .82和 0 .2 3。D13S314 ,D13S30 1和D13S316位点的等位基因分布在WD患者和正常人群之间明显不同 ,其中D13S314和D13S30 1位点显示各有 9个等位基因片段存在明显差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,D13S316位点显示有 4个等位基因片段存在明显差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;显示的 81种单体型中以 12 6 5 ,15 10 5 ,6 10 5和 6 14 5最多见 ,分别占 5 .2 % ,4 .5 % ,4 .5 %和 3.7% ,其次为 12 8 5 ,12 9 5和 6 16 5 ,各占 3.0 % ,13 10 8,6 13 5 ,6 14 13和 6 9 5各占 2 .2 %。结论 单体型的类型较多可能和基因突变的类型多样化相关 ,D13S314 D13S30 1 D13S316的单体型分析对WD的诊?

基质配比对厚朴穴盘苗生长的影响初报

采用穴盘育苗方法,研究了基于煤渣灰为主料的不同基质配比处理对厚朴(Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.)幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,厚朴育苗过程中,100%煤渣灰基质所育厚朴幼苗各生长因子均低于100%商用基质,人工复合基质以20%的葛渣+80%煤渣灰基质处理效果最好,与对照相比,其所育厚朴苗各生长因子无显著差异,可以替代以泥炭为主的商用育苗基质。

大叶栎地理种源生长差异及优良种源选择

对广西南宁的16个大叶栎[Castanopsis fissa(Champ.)Rehd.et Wils.]种源6年生林分的生长性状及遗传变异进行了研究,结果表明,种源间的保存率、树高、胸径、材积、干形存在显著或极显著差异;树高、胸径、材积、干形的种源遗传力均在0.5以上,说明种源间具有良好的选择潜力;树高、胸径、材积之间存在显著或极显著的正向相关关系,树高与干形显著负相关,种源的生长性状与原产地的地理位置及气候条件相关关系不大;运用多性状综合评定法选出了广西苍梧大叶栎、广西平果大叶栎、湖南通道大叶栎为优良种源;3个优良种源的平均树高遗传增益为2.88%,平均胸径遗传增益为12.12%,平均材积遗传增益为28.73%,平均干形遗传增益为5.25%。

澳大利亚高校工学结合(WIL)教育模式的发展及启示

工学结合教育模式因其以职业为导向、以提高学生就业竞争能力为目的,以市场需求为运作平台的优势受到了各国教育界的广泛关注,澳大利亚从90年代起将工学结合(WIL)培养模式引入高校,经过探索和实践,形成了自己的特色,取得了成功的发展,得到了各国的广泛承认,也为其他国家工学结合的发展提供了可资借鉴的经验和启示。

寒热胁迫下宜昌楠的生理生化响应

以宜昌楠(Machilus ichangensis Rehd.et Wils)为材料,以20℃为对照,分别测定了宜昌楠在高温(40℃、35℃、30℃)胁迫下和低温(-10℃、-5℃、5℃)胁迫下的电解质渗透率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性等生理生化指标。结果表明,在高温和低温胁迫处理后,宜昌楠叶片的电导率和丙二醛含量增大,游离脯氨酸大量累积,过氧化物酶活性升高,并且随着寒热胁迫强度的增强而继续呈显著上升趋势。

对甲苯基苄基醚的合成

对甲苯基苄基醚俗称茉莉醚或水仙醚，是具有水仙、茉莉香味的白色固体，对甲苯基苄基醚是廉价的皂用香料的原料，特别适于配制中低档的茉莉、水仙等香型的香精，也是有机合成中间体。对甲苯基苄基醚合成通常采用Wil1iamsonAW方法。

虚拟现实应用技术专业课程体系的优化与实践

以重庆水利电力职业技术学院为例,从产业需求、高职教育定位出发,对虚拟现实应用技术的课程体系进行优化,基于“工作过程系统化”课程设计理念,按照“校企合作、工学结合(WIL)”核心模式优化构建课程体系,达到岗位需求的精准定位。

The Fault Line in Chinese Reflective Thinking

Behind what is called ＂Needham＇s Grand Question＂ （why was China overshot by the West in science and technology？） lies a deeper question of how China came to lose the capacity of deeply reflective thought clearly present in the ancient Chinese philosophers. This is a loss felt by all Chinese as a psychological sense of hollowness, a loss of identity, made worse by the seeming inaccessibility of the ancient Chinese wisdom to the modern Chinese mind. It is clear that at some historical point China suffered an extreme psychological blow sufficient to traumatise it at the threshold of reflective thought, unable to look inwards any more. The paper identifies that point as the utter devastation wrought by Kublai Khan and the Mongols 750 years ago. What devastates reflective thought is wilfulness, the insistent focusing of all attention and energy on external, material things, and Kublai Khan was wilful in the extreme. What confirms this as the crippling point is that, in response to Kublai Khan＇s Mongol invasion the Chinese, over time, not only completely altered the geography of China itself, moving their capital to the North （Beijing）, but have ever since fought to establish as ＂China＂ all the territory over which Kublai Khan ruled. China is clearly not free of Kublai Khan＇s shadow. But even more precisely, in the process of doing this--and showing their own wilfulness--in building the Forbidden City in Beijing they built it in the shape of the Chinese metaphysical model of the universe, the Chinese version of the Tree of Life metaphysical glyph But it has an error in it. And the error is precisely that in where it places things, it makes what would have been the attributes of reflective thought subservient to wilfulness. The model itself thus shows the hollowness of the Chinese mind from that moment on. The outer form--the ＂appearance＂---of the ancient wisdom was still there. But the content--the ＂substance＂--of it was not. And with no reflective thought, true creativity disappears.

Advances in anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms of sinomenine

Sinomenine,a major active ingredient from traditional Chinese medicine Qingfengteng(Sinomenium acutum(Thunb.)Rehd.et Wils.),has been proven to have anti-inflammatory,analgesic,anti-tumor,immunomodulatory and other pharmacological effects,and is clinically used for various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.However,due to complex molecular mechanisms and pathological characteristics in inflammatory and immune responses,the precise anti-inflammatory and immunological mechanisms of sinomenine are still unclear.This review summarizes the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms of sinomenine during recent years in rheumatoid arthritis,respiratory system,nervous system,digestive system and organ transplant rejection.The molecular pharmacological mechanisms of sinomenine responsible for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects were in detail introduced based on 3 aspects including cytokines induction,signal pathways modulation and immune cells function regulation.Moreover,this review also raises some concerns and challenges in future sinomenine study,which will contribute to crucial theoretical and practical significance for in-depth development and utilization of sinomenine as medicinal resource.

Win4Lin左右逢缘

Win4Lin 可将 Windows 作为 Linux下的应用程序来运行,而且性能优异。本文介绍使用 Win4Lin 的一些经验,以及如何提高其工作效率。Win4Lin 可在 Linux 下将 Windows 95/98作为应用程序来安装。启动 Windows 时,桌面上将显示一个窗口,提示安装并运行Windows 应用程序(大多数游戏不能在 Win4Lin 上运行,因为Win4Lin 不支持 DirectX)。笔者在 Caldera eDesktop 2.4和 Debian 2.

Protective role of fruits of Rosa odorata var. gigantea against WIRSinduced gastric mucosal injury in rats by modulating pathway related to inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis

Objective: Rosa odorata var. gigantea is a popular medicinal plant. Some studies have demonstrated that ethanolic extract of the fruits of R. odorata var. gigantea(FOE) has gastroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the gastroprotective activity of FOE on water immersion restrained stress(WIRS)-induced gastric mucosal injury in a rat model and elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms involved.Methods: A rat stress ulcer model was established in this study using WIRS. After rats were treated with FOE orally for 7 d, the effect of FOE treatment was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) staining, and the changes of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress factors, and gastric-specific regulatory factors and pepsin in the blood and gastric tissues of rats were examined by ELISA assay. Molecular mechanism of FOE was investigated by immunohistochemical assay and Western blot.Results: Compared with the WIRS group, FOE could diminish both the macroscopic and microscopic pathological morphology of gastric mucosa. FOE significantly preserved the antioxidants glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) contents;anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-10(IL-10) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) levels as well as regulatory factors tumor necrosis factor-a(TGF-a) and somatostatin(SS) contents, while decreasing malondialdehyde(MDA), nitric oxide synthase(i NOS), tumor necrosis factor(TNF-a), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), gastrin(GAS)and endothelin(ET) levels. Moreover, FOE distinctly upregulated the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, Bcl2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA). In addition, FOE activated the expression of p-EGFR and downregulated the expression of NF-ΚB, Bax, Cleaved-caspase-3, Cyto-C and Cleaved-PARP1, thus promoting gastric mucosal cell survival.Conclusion: The current work demonstrated that FOE exerted a gastroprotective activity against gastric mucosal injury induced by WIRS. The underlying mechanism might be associated with the improvement of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis systems.

Honokiol attenuates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting hepatic CYP1A2 activity and improving liver mitochondrial dysfunction

Objective:Acetaminophen(APAP)overdose is a common cause of liver injury.This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of honokiol(Hon)against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and its potential mechanism.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were administrated with Hon(10 and 30 mg/kg)after APAP(300 mg/kg)treatment.On 1.5 h and 5 h after Hon treatment,mice were sacrificed.Serum and liver were collected.And then,liver injury-related indexes,APAP metabolism-related indexes,mitochondrial respiratory chain function-related indexes,and mitochondrial membrane function-related protein expression were evaluated.Results:It was found that Hon significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity and glutathione(GSH)depletion,increased hepatic catalase(CAT)and GSH peroxidase(GSH-Px)activities,reduced hepatic MDA and 3-nitrotyrosine contents,inhibited hepatic CYP1A2 activity and APAP protein adducts(APAP-CYS)formation.Meanwhile,oxidative phosphorylation capacity of complex I and electron transfer capacity of complex IV in mitochondrial respiratory chain was increased,whereas the release of H2O2 in the mitochondria was decreased following Hon treatment.Furthermore,Hon markedly down-regulated p-JNK in both cytosol and mitochondria,and obviously inhibited the release of apoptosis inducing factor(AIF)and endonuclease G(EndoG)from mitochondria to cytosol.Conclusion:Hon alleviated APAP-induced liver injury through the following pathways:Reducing the production of APAP-CYS by inhibiting CYP1A2 activity;Ameliorating hepatic oxidative stress by increasing the levels of hepatic CAT,GSH-Px and GSH;Improving mitochondrial respiratory chain function by promoting oxidative phosphorylation capacity of complex I and electron transfer capacity of complex IV;Improving the function of mitochondrial membrane by inhibiting p-JNK and its translocation to mitochondria,thereby reducing the release of AIF and EndoG.

Chloroplast DNA reveals genetic population structure in Sinomenium acutum in subtropical China

Objective:The population density and diversity of Sinomenium acutum(Menispermaceae)have been greatly reduced recently by overharvesting for medicinal purposes in China.Therefore,it is urgent that the remaining populations are investigated,and that strategies for the utilization and conservation of this species are developed.This study aimed to find the possible glacial refugia and define the genetic diversity of S.acutum for its proper utilization and conservation.Methods:A total of 77 S.acutum samples were collected from four locations,Qinling Mountains,Daba Mountains,Dalou Mountains,and Xuefeng Mountains,in subtropical China.Genetic diversity among and between these populations were phylogenetically analyzed using four chloroplast DNA molecular markers(atpI-atpH,trnQ-50 rps16,trnH-psbA and trnL-trnF).Results:A total of 14 haplotypes(C1 to C14)were found in collected samples.Haplotypes C1 and C3 were shared among all populations,with C3 as the ancestral haplotype.Haplotypes C11 and C12 diverged the most from C3 and other haplotypes.No obvious phylogeographic structure was found in four locations using the GST/NST test.There is no evidence of rapid demographic expansion in S.acutum based on the mismatch distribution,and the results of Tajima’s D test,and Fu’s FS test.Our analyses of molecular variance revealed a high level of genetic variation within populations.In contrast,the genetic differentiation among S.acutum populations was low,indicating frequent gene flow.Conclusion:Xuefeng,Dalou,and Daba Mountains were possible glacial refugia for the populations of S.acutum.C1,C3,C11 and C12 haplotypes of S.acutum should be carefully preserved and managed for their genetic value.

青藤Sinomenium acutum(Thunb.)Rehd.et Wils全基因组调查

青藤是一种重要的中药材,具有较高的药用价值。目前,对于青藤的分子生物学研究极为有限,基因资源比较匮乏。全基因组的破译将为其分子生物学研究的深入开展提供坚实的基础,而对青藤进行全基因组调查以明确其基因组特征可以为全基因测序方案的制定提供依据。本研究基于Illumina测序平台测定了青藤基因组,结合生物信息学方法得到基因组大小、杂合率、重复序列等特征,并采用SOAPdenovo软件对基因组进行初步组装。过滤得到168.72 G有效数据,青藤基因组大小估计为829.72 Mb;重复序列比率为51.72%,杂合率为0.48%,GC含量为34.57%;K-mer=35进行初步组装得到contigs N50为162 bp,总长为621 033 264 bp,scaffolds N50为489 bp,总长为780 536 487 bp。鉴于青藤基因组高重复序列的特点,其全基因测序可采用Illumina测序技术和Pac Bio测序技术相结合的策略,并采用Hi-C技术以及其相应的组装软件,以此获得青藤全基因组图谱。

法律英语中的情态动词研究

由于法律、法规代表统治阶级的意志,用来制约人们的社会行为,它通常要求人们"应该"、"必须"、"可以"、"禁止"或者"不得"作什么,用词通常带有命令的语气,这些规约性的行为往往要通过shall,may,must等情态动词来表达。情态动词在法律英语中起着非常重要的作用,为了理解它们在法律英语中的准确含义,本文结合诸多实例和翻译对法律英语中出现的高频率情态动词shall,may,will的用法和翻译以及情态动词的时态进行阐述和分析,以期对法律翻译实践有所裨益。

一种新的珍贵树种红豆树扦插快速繁殖技术

红豆树（Ormosia hosiei Hemsl. et Wils.）种子来源少,种苗紧缺,红豆树扦插繁殖还没有系统的研究,寻求最佳的内部控制因素,选择适宜的外部环境条件,提高扦插繁殖插穗的生根率,是扦插繁殖研究的焦点问题。另外现有扦插育苗技术生根慢、培育周期长,成活率低也是红豆树扦插繁殖关注的问题。本文通过研究对红豆树扦插的研究,提出了一种新的红豆树扦插繁殖的方法。本扦插方法大大缩短了种苗培育周期,以扦插时间计算可缩短种苗培育周期35~100d,且扦插后的实际成活率达到90%以上,远远高于常规的红豆树扦插方式,提高了扦插育苗成活率,也降低了培育成本,提高了经济效益。本方法操作简单方便,成本低,容易实施和推广。