Reliability Assessment Considering the Coordination of Wind Power, Solar Energy and Energy Storage

风光储联合发电系统并网后必须采取策略与系统之间实现协调调度与运行才可在保证可靠性的前提下最大化利用可再生能源，但现有的可靠性评估中还缺少对大规模风光储联合发电系统协调运行的考虑。针对此问题，基于序贯蒙特卡罗仿真方法，建立了风电、光伏和储能系统的发电可靠性评估模型，并提出了新的协调调度策略。模型综合考虑了风速、太阳光辐照度、环境温度以及2种新能源发电技术的能量变换特性和储能系统的充放电约束等因素。这些模型被应用到IEEERTS79中，通过在Matlab中编制程序进行仿真计算，考察不同的协调运行策略、联合发电系统容量配置以及储能特性对于系统裕度的影响。评估结果可为联合发电系统并网规划与设计提供参考。

Modeling and Simulation of a Hybrid Energy Storage System for Residential Grid-Tied Solar Microgrid Systems

Present-day power conversion and conditioning systems focus on transferring energy from a single type of power source into a single type of load or energy storage system (ESS). While these systems can be optimized within their specific topology (e.g. MPPT for solar applications and BMS for batteries), the topologies are not easily adapted to accept a wide range of power flow operating conditions. With a hybrid approach to energy storage and power flow, a system can be designed to operate at its most advantageous point, given the operating conditions. Based on the load demand, the system can select the optimal power source and ESS. This paper will investigate the feasibility of combining two types of power sources (main utility grid and photovoltaics (PV)) along with two types of ESS (ultra-capacitors and batteries). The simulation results will show the impact of a hybrid ESS on a grid-tied residential microgrid system performance under various operating scenarios.

Optimal Sizing of Solar/Wind Hybrid Off-Grid Microgrids Using an Enhanced Genetic Algorithm

This paper presents a method for optimal sizing of an off-grid hybrid microgrid (MG) system in order to achieve a certain load demand. The hybrid MG is made of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system, wind turbine (TW) and energy storage system (ESS). The reliability of the MG system is modeled based on the loss of power supply probability (SPSP). For optimization, an enhanced Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to minimize the total cost of the system over a 20-year period, while satisfying some reliability and operation constraints. A case study addressing optimal sizing of an off-grid hybrid microgrid in Nigeria is discussed. The result is compared with results obtained from the Brute Force and standard GA methods.

Modelling and Coordinated Control of Grid Connected Photovoltaic,Wind Turbine Driven PMSG,and Energy Storage Device for a Hybrid DC/AC Microgrid

In a DC/AC microgrid system,the issues of DC bus voltage regulation and power sharing have been the subject of a significant amount of research.Integra-tion of renewable energy into the grid involves multiple converters and these are vulnerable to perturbations caused by transient events.To enhance the flexibility and controllability of the grid connected converter(GCC),this paper proposes a common DC bus voltage maintenance and power sharing control strategy of a GCC for a DC/AC microgrid.A maximum power point tracking algorithm is employed to enhance the power delivered by the wind turbine and photovoltaic module.The proposed control strategy consists of primary and secondary as-pects.In the primary layer control,the DC bus voltage is regulated by the GCC.In the secondary layer,the DC bus voltage is maintained by the energy storage device.This ensures reliable power for local loads during grid failures,while power injection to the grid is controlled by an en-ergy management algorithm followed by reference gen-eration of inductor current in the GCC.The proposed control strategy operates in different modes of DC voltage regulation,power injection to the grid and a hybrid op-erating mode.It provides wide flexible control and en-sures the reliable operation of the microgrid.The pro-posed and conventional techniques are compared for a 15.8 kW DC/AC microgrid system using the MATLAB/Simulink environment.The simulation results demonstrate the transient behaviour of the system in different operating conditions.The proposed control technique is twice as fast in its transient response and produces less oscillation than the conventional system.Index Terms—Wind energy,photovoltaic energy,DC/AC microgrid,battery energy storage system,co-ordinated control.

Improved Energy Management Strategy for Prosumer Buildings with Renewable Energy Sources and Battery Energy Storage Systems

The concept of utilizing microgrids(MGs)to convert buildings into prosumers is gaining massive popularity because of its economic and environmental benefits.These pro-sumer buildings consist of renewable energy sources and usually install battery energy storage systems(BESSs)to deal with the uncertain nature of renewable energy sources.However,because of the high capital investment of BESS and the limitation of available energy,there is a need for an effective energy management strategy for prosumer buildings that maximizes the profit of building owner and increases the operating life span of BESS.In this regard,this paper proposes an improved energy management strategy(IEMS)for the prosumer building to minimize the operating cost of MG and degradation factor of BESS.Moreover,to estimate the practical operating life span of BESS,this paper utilizes a non-linear battery degradation model.In addition,a flexible load shifting(FLS)scheme is also developed and integrated into the proposed strategy to further improve its performance.The proposed strategy is tested for the real-time annual data of a grid-tied solar photovoltaic(PV)and BESS-powered AC-DC hybrid MG installed at a commercial building.Moreover,the scenario reduction technique is used to handle the uncertainty associated with generation and load demand.To validate the performance of the proposed strategy,the results of IEMS are compared with the well-established energy management strategies.The simulation results verify that the proposed strategy substantially increases the profit of the building owner and operating life span of BESS.Moreover,FLS enhances the performance of IEMS by further improving the financial profit of MG owner and the life span of BESS,thus making the operation of prosumer building more economical and efficient.

Control and Implementation of Single-Inverter Microgrid

In this paper, simulation and implementation way for practical control of Single Inverter Microgrid (SIMG) is presented. This system is equipped by solar system, wind energy conversion system (WECS), and microturbine system. Each DG’s has controlled independently. This is a kind of decentralize control because each DG’s has difference controller. Control of Microgrid (MG) during both grid tie and islanding modes is presented. Solar system and WECS are modeled based on santerno products. This system is compared with three inverter MGs with Centralize control strategy. Controlled signals show that SIMG is more reliable and economical. THD is improved and strategy is simplified for SIMG.

Optimal Design of Grid-Connected Microgrid System for Cold Chain Logistics Centre in China

The growing interest in energy conservation has inspired companies to seek alternatives to highly polluting fuel electricity generation. This study designed an optimised solar wind power generation system to fulfil the energy requirement of a cold chain logistics centre. This study first conducted a thorough analysis of the clarity indicators and daily temperature positions of the cold chain logistics centre, determined the average daily electricity demand, and proposed an effective design scheme. The energy simulation software, RETScreen 8.0, was used to determine the scale of solar photovoltaic and wind power projects that meet the expected energy needs of the cold chain logistics centre. The results indicated that the estimated annual total energy demand was 833689.2 kWh. The annual power generation of 6 kW from solar photovoltaic projects and 150 kW from wind power projects was found to be enough to meet the expected electricity demand. Solar photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation account for 2.44% and 97.56%, respectively. The hybrid energy system achieved a 96.6% reduction in carbon emissions and provides a reasonable payback period of 6.1 years and an electricity generation of 904368.674 kWh per year. The feasibility of the project and the calculated period of investment return are very reasonable. Therefore, this hybrid renewable energy system provides reliable power by combining energy sources.

考虑移动氢能存储的港口多能微网两阶段分布鲁棒优化调度

为有效应对海上风电固有的间歇及波动性给港口多能微网带来的不确定性风险,提出一种考虑移动氢能存储的港口多能微网两阶段分布鲁棒优化调度模型。首先,结合Wasserstein距离实现风电出力概率分布模糊集的精确刻画,并通过非参数核密度估计拟合海上风电预测误差概率分布,获得不同置信水平下风电出力区间及场景。其次,分析氢能船舶、汽车等移动氢能存储资源对间歇性风电出力的能源存储潜力,并结合用能心理、交通属性差异,将两者分别建模为激励型、价格型需求响应,实现港口移动氢能存储灵活性资源的高效聚合。再次,针对含移动氢能存储的港口多能微网,构建基于概率分布模糊集的日前-日内两阶段分布鲁棒优化调度模型,并运用线性决策规则与强对偶理论将其转换为混合整数线性规划模型求解。最后,基于海上风电实测数据进行仿真验证。结果证明,移动氢能存储可显著提升港口多能微网的低碳灵活性,所提模型在兼顾港口多能微网经济性的同时,可进一步保证风电不确定性风险下的鲁棒性。

Optimal Coordinated Bidding Strategy of Wind and Solar System with Energy Storage in Day-ahead Market

Although wind and solar power is the major reliable renewable energy sources used in power grids,the fluctuation and unpredictability of these renewable energy sources require the use of ancillary services,thereby increasing the integration cost.This study proposes a wind,solar,and pumped-storage cooperative(WSPC)model that can be applied to large-scale systems connected to dispersed renewable energy sources.This model provides an optimized coordinated bidding strategy in the day-ahead market,along with a method to facilitate revenue distribution among participating members.This model takes advantage of the natural complementary characteristics of wind and solar power while using pumped storage to adjust the total output power.In the coordinated bidding strategy,a proportion of the energies is provided as firm power,which can lower the ancillary service requirement.Moreover,a multi-period firm power-providing mode is adopted to reflect the wind-solar output characteristics of each period accurately.The duration of each period is selected as a variable to accommodate seasonal characteristics.This ensures that the provision of firm power can maintain a high proportion under varied connected ratios of wind-solar,thereby obtaining higher revenue.By using the revenue distribution method,the short-term influencing factors of the cooperative model are considered to provide the economic characteristics of wind farms and photovoltaic stations.In this way,revenue distribution can be fairly realized among the participating members.Finally,the effectiveness and economy of the proposed model are validated based on actual data obtained from the power grid in California,USA.

风光互补发电系统混合储能系统容量优化方法研究

风光互补发电系统受风光资源影响发电功率波动较大,配置适当的储能系统可提高新能源发电的消纳能力和电能质量。针对风光互补发电系统储能容量优化配置问题,将运行投入成本作为优化目标,提出以抽水蓄能为基础,蓄电池和超级电容参与的混合储能系统模型。该储能模型以跟踪负荷曲线作为平抑目标函数,利用集合经验模态分解和滑动平均法,对抽水蓄能机组、蓄电池和超级电容设备进行功率分配。建立了风光发电系统模型,利用带免疫的粒子群算法对储能配置容量进行寻优求解。计算结果表明,所提基于抽水蓄能的混合储能容量优化模型,对发电系统输出功率波动情况改善明显,电能消纳能力和运行经济性有所提高。

风光储联合发电系统并网控制研究

风光储联合发电系统并网运行过程中,辐照度变化和风速变化导致传统控制方法下的功率输出出现较大波动,进而影响系统并网功率平衡。在光伏发电系统最大功率点跟踪控制过程中,提出了一种新型的模糊扰动观察法,优化了模糊控制器的输入量和隶属度函数,对辐照度改变情况下光伏阵列的最大功率点实现更精确的跟踪控制;采用最佳叶尖速比控制策略,实现风速改变情况下风力发电机的最大功率点跟踪控制。由光伏出力、风机出力和并网需求关系,实时控制蓄电池的充放电功率,维持并网电压稳定,保证并网功率平衡。最后,建立了风光储联合发电系统并网模型并进行了系统仿真,分析了光伏阵列的输出功率、风力发电机的输出功率、蓄电池荷电状态和功率变化以及系统并网运行情况,验证了联合发电系统并网输出的稳定性,进而验证了控制策略的可行性。

新能源发电接入下储能系统双层优化模型

针对风力发电、光伏发电等可再生分布式电源接入电网带来的网损增加、电能质量降低等问题,提出了一种风光接入下储能系统的双层优化模型.综合考虑储能规划和运行两个方面的耦合效应,上层模型考虑储能规划,以储能配置的位置和容量为决策变量,以储能系统规划成本为目标函数,下层考虑储能系统运行时电网的经济性和稳定性,以储能系统每一时刻(时间刻度为1 h)的出力为决策变量,以电网脆弱性、有功网损、购电成本为目标函数.采用改进鲸鱼算法与YALMIP+CPLEX联合方法在MATLAB中进行求解,选取改进后的IEEE33节点系统进行仿真验证,结果验证了所提模型的合理性,对比不同的场景与结果得到储能的最优配置方案与运行策略.

风光储能一体化智慧能源设计中计算机技术的应用

本文对智慧能源计算机技术在风光储能领域应用情况进行综述,详细分析了风光储能发电模型的拓扑结构,包括光伏发电模型、风力发电模型以及风光储能模型。基于模型结构,探讨了智慧能源以及相关网络技术在风光储能中的应用,着重阐述了智慧能源建立的感知层和管理层架构,并指出了各层级具体的组成部分。最后分析了智慧能源技术在储能产业中的未来应用前景。可以肯定的是,依靠“互联网+”和“万物互联”的思想,智慧能源作为储能系统的新兴软实力,其地位将会越来越重要,是未来新能源、储能产业发展的重要科目。

“风光热储”多能协同的智慧油气田发展研究

在“双碳”目标、新型能源体系建设的背景下,化石能源与风能、太阳能、地热能等新能源的融合发展与智慧调控成为未来能源体系发展的新模式;油气行业正在开展数字化、智能化转型,发展智慧油气田将降低勘探开发成本、增加社会和经济效益。本文阐述了多能协同的智慧油气田理念与内涵,新型智慧油气田对油气增储上产,油气行业绿色、低碳、智能化转型的关键推动作用;递次梳理了“风光热储”多能协同系统、油气田与“风光热储”多能协同系统融合、智慧油气田等的发展现状,凝练了我国智慧油气田发展面临的挑战和关键问题;总结了未来“风光热储”多能协同的智慧油气田场景:智慧油气田绿电利用、废弃稠油热采油藏的新地热系统、基于风/光发电微网的抽油井群生产运行优化、天然气就地转化与油田伴生气发电利用、高效低碳油气生产综合能源管控系统、电/热/氢储能智能协同优化。“风光热储”多能协同的智慧油气田建设的核心产出是低碳油气田及超级能源盆地,需在保障油气产量的前提下,围绕“补充基础短板-增加技术优势-强化应用能力-实现自主可控”发展主线,突破关键核心技术,形成实用发展方案。

考虑资源相关性的新能源场站群集中式共享储能优化配置

针对区域内新能源场站群联合出力场景的集中式共享储能配置规划问题,提出考虑资源相关性,即风光出力互补特性、各新能源场站出力空间相关性的新能源场站群共享储能优化配置策略。该策略首先利用Copula方法进行典型场景生成,以剖析风光资源的相关性与互补性;在此基础上,建立新能源场站群集中式共享储能的优化配置模型,以实现多主体间储能的共享与互补利用,同时尽可能利用风光资源的相关性。最后通过仿真分析验证所提方法的正确性和有效性。

考虑氢能储运特性的配电网集群划分与氢能系统选址定容策略

电-氢能源系统(IEHS)的合理规划对能源结构转型具有重要意义,充分利用氢储能的可移动特性可降低IEHS综合成本,提出一种考虑氢能储运特性的配电网集群划分与氢能系统规划策略。首先,将氢能系统拆分为多个氢能子系统(HES),建立多个HES之间的气氢拖车交通运输及储运成本模型;其次,基于电力-交通网架结构与新能源分布情况提出配电网集群划分方法;最后,根据集群划分结果,建立HES双层选址定容模型,该模型以IEHS年综合成本最低为目标,分层解决单个集群内HES的容量配置问题、各集群内部HES选址定容及气氢拖车配置问题。结果表明:提出的策略可以减小氢能储运压力、降低IEHS综合成本,提升风、光消纳水平,加快系统潮流计算迭代收敛速度。

Integration of solar thermal and photovoltaic, wind, and battery energy storage through AI in NEOM city

NEOM is a“New Future”city powered by renewable energy only,where solar photovoltaic,wind,solar ther-mal,and battery energy storage will supply all the energy needed to match the demand integrated by artificial intelligence techniques.Within this context,the weight of solar thermal is supposed to increase.Concentrated solar power is the only renewable energy with the added value of dispatchability.Opposite to solar photovoltaic and wind,which suffer from intermittency and unpredictability,thus necessitating economically and environ-mentally expensive external energy storage by batteries,concentrated solar power may be fitted with internal energy storage by molten salt providing a much cheaper and environmentally friendly alternative.Oversizing the solar field and the thermal energy storage,the otherwise traditional design with steam Rankine cycles of temperature and pressure to turbine about 565℃ and 100 bar permits highly dispatchable electricity with Lev-elized Cost of Electricity(LCOE)slightly above 7.5¢/kWh in NEOM City,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.By using higher temperature and pressure to the turbine of 730℃ and 330 bar,the LCOE can be further reduced to below 6.5¢/kWh.While wind and solar photovoltaic are much cheaper,at less than 3–4¢/kWh,their intermittency and unpredictability necessitate energy storage by Lithium-Ion batteries of additional cost 14–28¢/kWh.Likely,the integration of renewable energy technologies through Artificial Intelligence(AI)will be the New Future in NEOM City,with solar photovoltaic,wind,battery energy storage,and solar thermal,the building blocks,and solar thermal increasing the share of energy supply.

高速公路风光储能系统源荷匹配及容量配置优化

建立EV充电负荷预测模型,采用蒙特卡洛模拟法预测EV充电负荷时间分布特性,提出考虑充电桩参数和充换电模式的源荷匹配优化策略,建立风光储能系统综合评价体系,通过改进遗传算法进行规划求解,得到最优容量配置。以山东省某服务区为例进行实证研究。结果表明:EV充电负荷预测曲线呈现日间“双峰”形态,为使负荷用能曲线向光伏发电曲线贴近,合理设置服务区充电桩数量和最大充电功率,并选择换电参与的充换电模式,改进遗传算法得到的最优化配置方案贴近度相对于初始规划方案有所提升,可实现储能系统的充能和余电的上网。

风电-光伏-抽蓄-电制氢多主体能源系统增益的合作博弈分配策略

根据清洁能源示范基地的建设需求,提出基于合作博弈论的风电-光伏-抽蓄-电制氢多主体能源系统联合优化运行的增益分配策略.为兼顾系统运行安全性,构建上网出力互补性评价指标.风电、光伏、抽蓄、电制氢利益主体通过内部电量交易进行合作,以系统运行收益最大为优化目标构建联合优化调度模型.根据调度结果,应用合作博弈论中的最大最小成本法分配系统合作增量收益.利用风电-光伏-抽蓄-电制氢清洁能源示范基地12利益主体系统算例进行仿真验证,结果表明联合优化运行可实现各利益主体自身收益正增长,抽蓄库容、上网电价以及运行安全性需求会影响系统的合作增量收益.

小型风光储联合发电系统的设计

针对新疆维吾尔自治区农牧地区自然资源优势及日益增长的用电需求,设计了一种可移动式小型风光储联合发电系统,用于满足当地居民及牧民对便携式发电设备的需求。对该发电系统的总体设计方案、硬件及软件的设计分别进行了介绍,并通过实验验证了该发电系统能较稳定的跟踪太阳。该发电系统整体上实现了太阳能、风能的独立及互补发电,提高了资源利用率,且其结构简单、价格低廉,作为初级阶段的研究成果可供相关设计参考。