Dominant patterns of winter Arctic surface wind variability

Dominant statistical patterns of winter Arctic surface wind （WASW） variability and their impacts on Arctic sea ice motion are investigated using the complex vector empirical orthogonal function （CVEOF） method. The results indicate that the leading CVEOF of Arctic surface wind variability, which accounts for 33% of the covariance, is characterized by two different and alternating spatial patterns （WASWP1 and WASWP2）. Both WASWP1 and WASWP2 show strong interannual and decadal variations, superposed on their declining trends over past decades. Atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with WASWPI and WASWP2 exhibit, respectively, equivalent barotropic and some baroclinic characteristics, differing from the Arctic dipole anomaly and the seesaw structure anomaly between the Barents Sea and the Beaufort Sea. On decadal time scales, the decline trend of WASWP2 can be attributed to persistent warming of sea surface temperature in the Greenland--Barents--Kara seas from autunm to winter, reflecting the effect of the Arctic warming. The second CVEOF, which accounts for 18% of the covariance, also contains two different spatial patterns （WASWP3 and WASWP4）. Their time evolutions are significantly correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） index and the central Arctic Pattern, respectively, measured by the leading EOF of winter sea level pressure （SLP） north of 70~N. Thus, winter anomalous surface wind pattern associated with the NAO is not the most important surface wind pattern. WASWP3 and WASWP4 primarily reflect natural variability of winter surface wind and neither exhibits an apparent trend that differs from WASWP1 or WASWP2. These dominant surface wind patterns strongly influence Arctic sea ice motion and sea ice exchange between the western and eastern Arctic. Furthermore, the Fram Strait sea ice volume flux is only significantly correlated with WASWP3. The results demonstrate that surface and geostrophic winds are not interchangeable in terms of describing wind field variability over the Arctic Ocean. The results have important implications for understanding and investigating Arctic sea ice variations： Dominant patterns of Arctic surface wind variability, rather than simply whether there are the Arctic dipole anomaly and the Arctic Oscillation （or NAO）, effectively affect the spatial distribution of Arctic sea ice anomalies.

The Analysis of the Line Pattern of Nonlinear Winding Filament on FRP Composite Air Vessel Resisting High Pressure

The FW process is a prefect method of manufacturing FRP composite air vessel resisting high pressure and aerial press vessel.In this paper FW pattern of FRP composite air vessel resisting high pressure was analyzed in a nutshell.The stability of FW patterns on end head is very sensitive to changing of pattern parameter.Consequently,its FW pattern was based on geodesic track.The FW angles and on equators depend on the dimension of end part and the condition of geodesic FW.Generally speaking, the polar holes of rocket engine shell are disproportional.Therefore,the FW angles of the shell column are changeable.The feasi- bility of nongeodesic FW of the shell column was discussed in this paper.Furthermore,it expounded the indispensable condition be- tween the length of shell column and the FW friction coefficient.At the same time,the general mathematic models of the movement control of nongeodesic FW were deduced.

TYPICAL ANOMALOUS WIND STRESS PATTERNS IN TROPICAL PACIFIC ASSOCIATED WITH EL NINO/SOUTHERN OSCILLATION

Based on years of month-to-month observations of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) and wind stress anomaly, typical wind stress patterns in the tropical Pacific associated with ENSO are Studied with the techniques of linear regression and EOF analysis. The anomalous field, which is linearly correlated with ENSO, is found to be varying at low frequencies on the temporal scale and to be in four typical patterns of distribution horizontally.Pattern 1 is of the easterly anomaly and wind stress divergence in the equatorial region east of the date line. Pattern 2 is of the westerly anomaly and wind sttess convergence in the equatorial region east of the date line. Pattern 3 is of the westerly anomaly and wind stress convergence south of the Equator but east of the data line, with the easterly anomaly west of it. Pattern 4 is of the weak easerly anomaly east 160°W and the westerly anomaly west of 160°W. Wind stress fields linearly independent of ENSO are of a high-frequency process with a typical pattern off the Equator that has a large horizontal amplitude. Using an ocean anomaly-forcing model with the regressed wind stress anomaly field that is associated with ENSO, principal signals of ENSO are reproduced. It indicates the fundamental nature of the typical wind field anomaly patterns revealed for the genesis of El Nino.

Relationship Between Watershed Landscape Pattern Change and Runoff-Sediment in Wind-Water Erosion Crisscross Region

This paper selected the typical wind-water erosion crisscross region Xiliugou watershed for research to reveal the impact of the landscape pattern change of the underlying surface in wind-water erosion crisscross region where soil erosion is most serious on rainfall and runoff as well as erosion and sediment.Based on the Landsat TM image data and measured data of runoff-sediment in that watershed,the paper analyzed the characteristics of watershed landscape pattern change and runoff-sediment and explored the relationship between landscape index and runoff-sediment yield by means of GIS and Fragstats.The results were included as follows.(1)Grassland was the dominant landscape.In terms of the number of patches and area change rate,from 1985 to 2010,cultivated land,forest land and construction land were most stable,followed by unused land.Unused land,grassland and cultivated land experienced the most dramatic conversion and maximally affected by human activities.(2)The inter-annual difference between annual runoff and annual sediment load was significant.Compared with the annual sediment load,the trend of decreasing runoff was more obvious.The correlation coefficient of runoff-sediment was 0.67,representing a significant correlation.(3)There was a significant correlation between the landscape index and runoff-sediment.The runoff was negatively correlated with the largest patch index,patch cohesion index,aggregation index and contagion index,but positively correlated with landscape morphology index and landscape division index.And the sediment was negatively correlated with the contagion index,aggregation index and plaque cohesion index,but positively correlated with other landscape indexes.The results indicate that with the increase of the largest patch index,patch cohesion index and aggregation index,the rainfall infiltration capacity increase obviously and the soil erosion reduce significantly.Therefore,increasing the largest patch index,patch cohesion and aggregation index of the watershed landscape can enhance the function of water storage and soil conservation as well as ecological optimization in the windwater erosion crisscross region.The results can provide theoretical support for the ecological environment construction and comprehensive utilization of water and soil resources.

Wind farms increase land surface temperature and reduce vegetation productivity in the Inner Mongolia

Wind power has been developing rapidly as a key measure to mitigate human-driven global warming.The under-standing of the development and impacts of wind farms on local climate and vegetation is of great importance for their rational use but is still limited.In this study,we combined remote sensing and on-site investigations to identify wind farm locations in Inner Mongolia and performed landscape pattern analyses using Fragstats.We explored the impacts of wind farms on land surface temperature(LST)and vegetation net primary productivity(NPP)between 1990 and 2020 by contrasting these metrics in wind farms with those in non-wind farm areas.The results showed that the area of wind farms increased rapidly from 1.2 km2 in 1990 to 10,755 km2 in 2020.Spatially,wind farms are mainly clustered in three aggregation areas in the center.Further,wind farms increased nighttime LST,with a mean value of 0.23℃,but had minor impacts on the daytime LST.Moreover,wind farms caused a decline in NPP,especially over forest areas,with an average reduction of 12.37 GC/m^(2).Given the impact of wind farms on LST and NPP,we suggest that the development of wind farms should fully consider their direct and potential impacts.This study provides scientific guidance on the spatial pattern of future wind farms.

Spatial pattern and utility of Populus euphratica seed rain:a simulation study combined with field investigations

Seed dispersal is a fundamental process affecting destinies of seeds and seedlings, as well as regeneration dynamics and distribution patterns of communities. Recently however, declining Populus euphratica forests have failed to regenerate by seeding, while the spatial pattern and utility of their seed rains are unclear. In this study, we designed a model to simulate seed rains based on field investigations by fitting our observations to a normal distribution and testing the model with data from three years, with ac- ceptable results. We examined the simulated results of dispersed seeds patterns on the classification of three factors, i.e., density of Sophora alopecuroides, surface soil moisture and surface soil salinity. The results of seed rain simulation show that over 70% of seeds were dispersed and confined to each of the three plots where their mother trees located. The proportion of 3：7 seeds dispersed inside and outside each plots remained largely unaltered. The differences in the amounts of dispersed seed among the different levels of each of the factors were not significant, although the distributing pattern of P. euphratica in each plot varied. Therefore, in P. eu- phratica communities, the amount of seed does not become a constraint in subsequent germination, although the surface environment does. We conclude that successful P. euphratica seed regeneration relies on less than 30% of seeds dispersed over longer distance to colonize favorable growth habitats.

Criterion of aerodynamic performance of large-scale offshore horizontal axis wind turbines

With the background of offshore wind energy projects, this paper studies aerodynamic performance and geometric characteristics of large capacity wind turbine rotors （1 to 10 MW）, and the main characteristic parameters such as the rated wind speed, blade tip speed, and rotor solidity. We show that the essential criterion of a high- performance wind turbine is a highest possible annual usable energy pattern factor and a smallest possible dimension, capturing the maximum wind energy and producing the maximum annual power. The influence of the above-mentioned three parameters on the pattern factor and rotor geometry of wind turbine operated in China＇s offshore meteoro- logical environment is investigated. The variation patterns of aerodynamic and geometric parameters are obtained, analyzed, and compared with each other. The present method for aerodynamic analysis and its results can form a basis for evaluating aerodynamic performance of large-scale offshore wind turbine rotors.

A Mathematical Model for the Geodesic Winding of Surfaces of Rotation

Based on the theory of differential geometry, the geodesic equation of surfaces of rotation is derived and the mathematical model for geodesic winding of surfaces of rotation is established. It is the theoretical foundation of combination winding.

Revisiting the response of western North Pacific tropical cyclone intensity change to vertical wind shear in different directions

The effect of vertical wind shear(VWS)directions on the change in western North Pacific tropical cyclone(TC)intensity is revisited in this study.Results show that the differences in the correlations between VWS in different orientations and the change in TC nondimensional intensity highly diminish,although slight differences are still present.The subtle differences in the correlations are likely associated with different synoptic-scale patterns at upper and lower levels.This result suggests that,in addition to thermodynamic effects,dynamic roles of the synoptic-scale patterns associated with the VWS should also be taken into account when the authors examine how VWS in different directions affects TC intensity change.

Development of Computer Simulation System for the Winding of Toroidal Pressure Vessels

The pattern for filament wound toroidal vessels derived from differential geometry is presented. The pattern design and optimization procedure was put forward according to imposed design requirements. The mathematical model and movement equations of winding torns are obtained by analytic geometry. A computer simulation system of filament winding process based on optimal pattern design was developed to verify the correctness and practicability of the winding pattern. The optimum pattern and winding simulation were performed by this system. The simulation results show that the pattern satisfies both winding principles and structural optimization. The recommended design-oriented method can be applied to the preliminary design of filament wound toroidal vessels.

熄风化痰止眩汤联合悬灸治疗风痰上扰型后循环缺血性眩晕的临床研究

目的探讨熄风化痰止眩汤联合悬灸对风痰上扰型后循环缺血性眩晕患者的治疗效果。方法选取2020年5月-2023年5月江阴市中医院脑病科中医收治的81例风痰上扰型后循环缺血性眩晕患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为3组,各27例。其中中药组患者服用熄风化痰止眩汤,悬灸组患者采用悬灸治疗,联合组患者采用熄风化痰止眩汤及悬灸联合治疗。各组治疗周期为4周,比较2组患者的临床疗效、眩晕症状评分[Berg平衡表(BBS)评分、眩晕评估评分量表(DARS)]、脑血流速度[椎基底动脉(BA)、左椎动脉(LVA)和右椎动脉(RVA)]、中医症状积分。结果3组患者治疗后的各指标均优于治疗前。联合组的总有效率为92.60%(25/27),中药组为70.37%(19/27),悬灸组为74.07%(20/27),联合组的疗效明显优于中药组和悬灸组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组的BBS评分明显高于中药组和悬灸组,而DARS评分显著低于中药组和悬灸组(P<0.05);联合组BA、LVA、RVA明显高于中药组和悬灸组(P<0.05);中医症状积分在联合组明显低于中药组和悬灸组(P<0.05)。结论熄风化痰止眩汤联合悬灸治疗风痰上扰型后循环缺血性眩晕患者,可显著提高治疗效果,改善患者后循环血流和眩晕症状,具有明显优势。

螺旋桨驱动用低速大扭矩电机扁线绕组应用探索

针对低空航空器螺旋桨用低速大扭矩推进电机的使用需求,从绕组形式选取方面着手开展圆线方案与扁线方案综合对比分析。结果显示,扁线方案的散热性能更佳,但在设计加工、电磁性能、整机质量和效率方面不及圆线方案。分析结果可为低速大扭矩电机设计者在绕组选型、极槽组合等方面的选取提供参考。

基于PRPD和PSA谱图的大电机主绝缘典型绝缘缺陷局部放电特性分析

大电机主绝缘在运行过程中会产生多种绝缘缺陷,仅利用局部放电相位(PRPD)谱图无法全面反映绝缘缺陷的特性。本文在实验室环境下模拟了内部气隙、槽内线圈磨损、端部半导体涂层及防晕层交叠部位故障、表面污染等4种典型的绝缘缺陷,并在屏蔽室提取其放电信息,分别绘制PRPD谱图及脉冲序列分析(PSA)谱图,结合不同电压等级下PRPD谱图及PSA谱图特性,对典型绝缘缺陷的放电特征进行分析。结果表明:综合考虑PRPD谱图的对称性、放电幅值、谱图包络线形状等特性及PSA谱图的放电簇数量、放电簇分布位置、放电簇形状等特性,可以较为准确地对4种典型绝缘缺陷进行识别。

风流扰动下露天矿土质路面粉尘运移规律研究

为降低露天矿土质路面粉尘质量浓度,提高清洁生产水平,采用气固两相流理论,建立粉尘颗粒起动模型,分析粉尘起动风速及变化规律,利用实验研究进行验证,并确立粉尘运移规律以及运动形式,选取正交实验极差分析各因素对起尘量影响显著性。研究结果表明:粉尘起动风速与粉尘粒径、含水率、负荷均有函数关系;起尘量在粒径、含水率、负荷、风速4种因素下呈现不同变化规律,与粒径、风速均呈非线性关系,与含水率呈负相关,与粉尘负荷呈正相关,影响显著性为:粒径>负荷>风速>含水率;粉尘运动形式与风速和粒径相关,在5 m/s风速下,(0,75]μm粒径粉尘易做悬浮运动,(75,500]μm粒径粉尘易做跳跃运动,(500,1000]μm粒径粉尘易做蠕移运动。研究结果可为降尘措施提供理论指导。

毛以林教授运用经络辨证治疗项痹经验

经络辨证是中医学辨证理论体系中重要的辨证方法。毛以林教授临床善于运用经络辨证治疗各种复杂病证,认为项痹的经络辨证多与足太阳膀胱经、手太阳小肠经、足少阳胆经、手少阳三焦经、足少阴肾经及督脉密切相关。基本病机主要有寒侵太阳、营卫凝遏;少阳气郁、气血失和;肾虚失养、髓减骨空;督阳不振,筋懈骨惰。治疗上以祛风散寒、温经止痛;和解气郁、疏利经气;补肾壮骨、填精益髓;温振督阳、益肾补督。随证治之,疗效颇佳。

基于国家专利的中药复方治疗癫痫的数据挖掘研究

目的基于数据挖掘研究中药复方专利治疗癫痫的用药及配伍规律。方法通过查询国家知识产权局专利公布网站中治疗癫痫的中药复方专利数据,运用Excel、Origin 2021、R 4.3.1、Cytoscape 3.9.1等软件进行描述性分析、关联规则分析、聚类分析和计算相关拓扑学属性值进行构建核心复杂网络。结果纳入治疗癫痫的中药复方专利共346项,涉及中药738味,用药频次前5味的中药分别是石菖蒲、天麻、全蝎、僵蚕、钩藤。药物类别以平肝息风药为主,聚类分析共得到2大类药物组合,共现网络得到核心组合石菖蒲-全蝎-天麻-僵蚕-钩藤;关联规则得到数据23条。结论本研究揭示了治疗癫痫的主要特点,即以平肝熄风、息风止痉、宁心安神为主的治疗方向结合与活血化瘀、健脾化痰等个体化的辩证诊治策略。这一发现旨在为中医药临床治疗癫痫提供了参考和借鉴价值。

“新八髎”针刺联合督脉刺络放血拔罐治疗慢性荨麻疹的临床研究

目的:探究“新八髎”针刺联合督脉刺络放血拔罐治疗慢性荨麻疹的临床研究。方法:将2021年1月—2022年6月期间就诊的血虚风燥型慢性荨麻疹患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各60例。对照组接受督脉刺络放血拔罐治疗,观察组接受“新八髎”针刺联合督脉刺络放血拔罐治疗,均连续治疗3个月。比较两组临床疗效和治疗后12个月时的复发情况,比较治疗前和治疗后12个月时的中医症候积分、荨麻疹控制情况[荨麻疹控制评分(UCT)]、炎症因子水平和生活质量[中国版慢性荨麻疹生活质量问卷(CU-Q2oL)]评分。结果:观察组的总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组的复发率显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后12个月时,两组患者的中医症候积分、CRP、IL-4、IL-17和CU-Q2oL评分较治疗前显著降低,且观察组低于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者的UCT评分较治疗前显著提高,且观察组高于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:“新八髎”针刺联合督脉刺络放血拔罐治疗血虚风燥型慢性荨麻疹具有显著的疗效,可以有效缓解症状,降低患者体内炎症因子的水平,显著改善患者的生活质量,有效避免复发情况。

白鹤滩水电站干季偏北大风环流形势分析和客观判识

基于2018—2020年11月至次年4月金沙江下游峡谷区139次干季偏北大风天气个例开展大风天气环流形势的分析,并参考Lamb-Jenkinson方法建立客观判识条件,并对判识条件进行检验和修正。获得以下结论:选择水电站15次典型偏北大风天气,通过对环流形势特征分析,将影响大风的高空环流概括为:南支槽型、高原槽型和横槽型。15次个例中南支槽型和高原槽型均出现了6次,横槽型出现了3次。基于Lamb-Jenkinson方法的环流特征参数分析,确定了干季大风环流客观判识的关键区和初步判识条件。南支槽型和高原槽型判识条件为关键区地转风纬向分量u>10 dagpm/10°(经度),且与经向分量v的差(u-v)>10 dagpm/10°(经度),同时地转涡度ξ>0 dagpm/10°;横槽型判识条件为关键区u<20 dagpm/10°(经度),且要求ξ>u。另选取2021年干季14次大风个例检验以上环流判识条件,发现有11次准确识别出环流类型。根据未识别出环流类型的原因,对u和u-v的阈值进行修正,结果表明修正后的判识条件准确可行。最终建立的环流形势客观判识方法可为白鹤滩水电站大风预警提供参考。

复方地黄颗粒对帕金森病阴虚动风证大鼠多巴胺能神经元生物学功能的影响

目的探讨复方地黄颗粒对帕金森病(PD)阴虚动风证大鼠多巴胺(DA)能神经元生物学功能的作用。方法采用6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)脑立体注射法制备PD阴虚动风证动物模型,成模大鼠随机分为模型组、美多芭组(150 mg/kg)和复方地黄颗粒低、中、高剂量组(1.75、3.5、7 g/kg),分别给予相应药物进行干预,正常组、假手术组及模型组给予生理盐水,共灌胃28 d,观察各组大鼠一般情况及神经行为学,HE染色观察黑质组织病理改变,透射电镜技术观察损毁侧黑质内DA能神经元的线粒体结构,免疫组化、Western blot及RT-qPCR法检测DJ-1、IP3R、GRP75、VDAC1表达。结果与正常组、假手术组比较,模型组大鼠旋转圈数增加(P<0.01),游泳评分降低(P<0.01),悬挂时间减少(P<0.01),黑质神经元数量减少,形态受损,黑质内神经元出现线粒体肿胀变性,线粒体嵴消失等损伤,损伤侧黑质DJ-1、IP3R、GRP75、VDAC 1 mRNA和蛋白表达降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,美多芭组及复方地黄颗粒各剂量组大鼠旋转圈数减少(P<0.01),游泳评分升高(P<0.01),悬挂时间增加(P<0.01),线粒体形态结构损伤减轻,损伤侧黑质DJ-1、IP3R、GRP75、VDAC 1 mRNA和蛋白表达均升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),复方地黄颗粒高剂量效果与美多芭相当(P>0.05)。结论复方地黄颗粒可能通过调控DJ-1、IP3R、GRP75、VDAC1表达促进内质网-线粒体稳态,减轻线粒体损伤,维持DA能神经元生物学功能。

面向数据隐私保护的分布式多风电场短期功率预测

【目的】基于集中式数据的深度学习可以有效提高风功率的预测精度,但数据泄露带来的严重后果令各风电场不断重视自身数据的保密,对数据驱动的风功率预测方法造成阻碍。【方法】针对上述问题,提出一种面向数据隐私保护的分布式多风电场短期功率预测方法,利用横向联邦学习(federated learning,FL)框架完成对风电场的功率预测任务。首先,多个风电场采用分布训练方式,利用时序模式注意力(temporal pattern attention,TPA)机制和长短期记忆(long short-term memory,LSTM)网络组合成TPA-LSTM本地模型完成本地数据训练;再将这些本地模型的参数进行聚合处理,同时引入模型上传权重值,提高拟合效果好的本地模型的贡献率;最后实现全局模型参数的更新。【结果】实验结果证明,提出的方法在保证风电场数据隐私的前提下,获得的全局模型在多场景下具有良好的预测性能和泛化能力。