Predicting comfort levels in cities is challenging due to the many metric assessment.To overcome these challenges,much research is being done in the computing community to develop methods capable of generating outdoor...Predicting comfort levels in cities is challenging due to the many metric assessment.To overcome these challenges,much research is being done in the computing community to develop methods capable of generating outdoor comfort data.Machine Learning(ML)provides many opportunities to discover patterns in large datasets such as urban data.This paper proposes a data-driven approach to build a predictive and data-generative model to assess outdoor thermal comfort.The model benefits from the results of a study,which analyses Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)urban simulation to determine the thermal and wind comfort in Tallinn,Estonia.The ML model was built based on classification,and it uses an opaque ML model.The results were evaluated by applying different metrics and show us that the approach allows the implementation of a data-generative ML model to generate reliable data on outdoor comfort that can be used by urban stakeholders,planners,and researchers.展开更多
蓄热电采暖因其用电时段可调、运行经济灵活,已经成为西北地区冬季取暖期重要的灵活性调节资源。合理地规划蓄热电采暖容量可以有效提高风电消纳水平,提升系统的运行经济性。为此,该文提出一种考虑热舒适度弹性和提升风电消纳的蓄热电...蓄热电采暖因其用电时段可调、运行经济灵活,已经成为西北地区冬季取暖期重要的灵活性调节资源。合理地规划蓄热电采暖容量可以有效提高风电消纳水平,提升系统的运行经济性。为此,该文提出一种考虑热舒适度弹性和提升风电消纳的蓄热电采暖双层优化配置方法。通过引入热感觉平均标度预测(predicted mean vote,PMV)指标来量化用户的热舒适度,根据热舒适度弹性的限定范围确立热平衡区间约束。在分别分析系统风电消纳以及热舒适度弹性对蓄热电采暖容量配置的影响的基础上,建立兼顾风电消纳和热舒适度弹性的蓄热电采暖双层优化配置模型。上层以风电供热系统年化总成本最小为目标,下层以系统典型日运行成本最小为目标,通过上下层迭代求解蓄热电采暖最优容量配置以及系统运行方案。最后,基于实际算例验证了所提的蓄热电采暖配置方法可在保证供暖舒适度的基础上提升风电消纳水平和系统整体经济性。展开更多
A thermal stress index of a geographic location over a period of time can provide knowledge of overall climate perceptible to the general public. Out of the three approaches to assessing thermal comfort namely, ration...A thermal stress index of a geographic location over a period of time can provide knowledge of overall climate perceptible to the general public. Out of the three approaches to assessing thermal comfort namely, rational, empirical and direct, the direct approach is being used in the present study because of easy availability of all inputs and reasonable comprehension of the assessments. Assessment and ranking of cities using this approach based on the percentage of comfortable hours alone may however be erroneous and misleading as this approach does not consider the percentages of uncomfortable classes which could often be substantially high. The modified approach for thermal comfort classification demonstrates cumulative representation of all classes of thermal comfort including uncomfortablity and provides relative ranking of cities. Analysis of the results is presented here for five megacities (Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and Hyderabad) representing varying geographical and climatic locations of India. These cities are ranked based on the routine and modified approaches and results are discussed in detail on monthly, seasonal and annual average basis. When the cities are compared only on the basis of comfortable hours, the decreasing order of comfortability is Hyderabad, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai and Mumbai. However, considering the second methodology, it is revealed that the contribution of uncomfortable hours is greater in Kolkata and Chennai in comparison to Mumbai. The proposed methodology could be an improvement over the current practices and provides a more rational method for relative ranking of cities that could be used for tourism and energy demands.展开更多
This paper presents a global methodology to compute wind flow in complex urban areas in order to assess wind pedestrian comfort, wind energy, wind safety or natural ventilation potential. The numerical tool presented ...This paper presents a global methodology to compute wind flow in complex urban areas in order to assess wind pedestrian comfort, wind energy, wind safety or natural ventilation potential. The numerical tool presented here is composed of a CFD soft-ware suite covering both regional scale (20 km) and urban scale (1km), and able to model the wind in any complex terrains and in large urban environments. Examples are presented in the paper in order to show the advantages of the methodology for urban designers.展开更多
基金This work has been supported by the European Commission through the H2020 project Finest Twins(grant No.856602).
文摘Predicting comfort levels in cities is challenging due to the many metric assessment.To overcome these challenges,much research is being done in the computing community to develop methods capable of generating outdoor comfort data.Machine Learning(ML)provides many opportunities to discover patterns in large datasets such as urban data.This paper proposes a data-driven approach to build a predictive and data-generative model to assess outdoor thermal comfort.The model benefits from the results of a study,which analyses Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)urban simulation to determine the thermal and wind comfort in Tallinn,Estonia.The ML model was built based on classification,and it uses an opaque ML model.The results were evaluated by applying different metrics and show us that the approach allows the implementation of a data-generative ML model to generate reliable data on outdoor comfort that can be used by urban stakeholders,planners,and researchers.
文摘蓄热电采暖因其用电时段可调、运行经济灵活,已经成为西北地区冬季取暖期重要的灵活性调节资源。合理地规划蓄热电采暖容量可以有效提高风电消纳水平,提升系统的运行经济性。为此,该文提出一种考虑热舒适度弹性和提升风电消纳的蓄热电采暖双层优化配置方法。通过引入热感觉平均标度预测(predicted mean vote,PMV)指标来量化用户的热舒适度,根据热舒适度弹性的限定范围确立热平衡区间约束。在分别分析系统风电消纳以及热舒适度弹性对蓄热电采暖容量配置的影响的基础上,建立兼顾风电消纳和热舒适度弹性的蓄热电采暖双层优化配置模型。上层以风电供热系统年化总成本最小为目标,下层以系统典型日运行成本最小为目标,通过上下层迭代求解蓄热电采暖最优容量配置以及系统运行方案。最后,基于实际算例验证了所提的蓄热电采暖配置方法可在保证供暖舒适度的基础上提升风电消纳水平和系统整体经济性。
文摘A thermal stress index of a geographic location over a period of time can provide knowledge of overall climate perceptible to the general public. Out of the three approaches to assessing thermal comfort namely, rational, empirical and direct, the direct approach is being used in the present study because of easy availability of all inputs and reasonable comprehension of the assessments. Assessment and ranking of cities using this approach based on the percentage of comfortable hours alone may however be erroneous and misleading as this approach does not consider the percentages of uncomfortable classes which could often be substantially high. The modified approach for thermal comfort classification demonstrates cumulative representation of all classes of thermal comfort including uncomfortablity and provides relative ranking of cities. Analysis of the results is presented here for five megacities (Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and Hyderabad) representing varying geographical and climatic locations of India. These cities are ranked based on the routine and modified approaches and results are discussed in detail on monthly, seasonal and annual average basis. When the cities are compared only on the basis of comfortable hours, the decreasing order of comfortability is Hyderabad, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai and Mumbai. However, considering the second methodology, it is revealed that the contribution of uncomfortable hours is greater in Kolkata and Chennai in comparison to Mumbai. The proposed methodology could be an improvement over the current practices and provides a more rational method for relative ranking of cities that could be used for tourism and energy demands.
文摘This paper presents a global methodology to compute wind flow in complex urban areas in order to assess wind pedestrian comfort, wind energy, wind safety or natural ventilation potential. The numerical tool presented here is composed of a CFD soft-ware suite covering both regional scale (20 km) and urban scale (1km), and able to model the wind in any complex terrains and in large urban environments. Examples are presented in the paper in order to show the advantages of the methodology for urban designers.
