An Investigation of Battery Energy Storage Aided Wind-Coal Integrated Energy System

This paper studies the feasibility of a supply-side wind-coal integrated energy system.Based on grid-side data,the load regulation model of coal-fired power and the wind-coal integrated energy system model are established.According to the simulation results,the reasons why the wind-coal combined power supply is difficult to meet the grid-side demand are revealedthrough scenario analysis.Basedon thewind-coal combinedoperation,a wind-coalstorage integrated energy system was proposed by adding lithium-iron phosphate battery energy storage system(LIPBESS)to adjust the load of the system.According to the four load adjustment scenarios of grid-side instructions of the wind-coal system,the difficulty of load adjustment in each scenario is analyzed.Based on the priority degree of LIPBESS charge/discharge in four scenarios at different time periods,the operation mode of two charges and two discharges per day was developed.Based on the independent operation level of coal-fired power,after the addition of LIPBESS(5.5 MWh),the average qualified rate of multi-power operation in March and June reached the level of independent operation of coal-fired power,while the average qualified rate of the remaining months was only 5.4%different from that of independent operation of coal-fired power.Compared with the wind storage mode,the energy storage capacity and investment cost of wind-coal-storage integrated energy system are reduced by 54.2%and 53.7%,respectively.

Composition Modeling and Equivalence of an Integrated Power Generation System of Wind, Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Unit

利用间接组合建模的方法,在建立典型的双馈风机、光伏发电单元和储能单元的装置级机电暂态模型基础上,采用等值方法建立三者电站级的机电暂态模型,最终通过组合建模得到了风光储联合发电系统的机电暂态模型。在大型电力系统分析软件包的PSD-BPA暂态稳定程序中实现了风光储联合发电系统的仿真功能,通过典型算例和张北＂国家风光储输示范工程＂的仿真分析验证了模型的正确性,为风光储联合发电系统的并网研究提供了分析手段。

Generation of typical operation curves for hydrogen storage applied to the wind power fluctuation smoothing mode

In this paper,a typical-operation-curve generation method of a hydrogen energy storage system operating under the mode of stabilizing wind power fluctuations is proposed.This method is used to optimize the power and capacity configuration of the energy storage system.The time series curves of the charging and discharging powers of the hydrogen energy storage are obtained by EMD decomposition,and the curves are classified according to the similarities and differences of the characteristic parameters in different time periods.After the classification,typical charging and discharging power values of each type of curve at each moment are obtained by a cloud model,and then,typical operation curves of each type are obtained by integration.On this basis,the power and capacity of the energy storage system are optimized with the objective of economic optimization through the MATLAB CPLEX toolbox.Combined with the measured data of a wind farm with an installed capacity of 400 MW in Northeast China,the validity and rationality of the typical operation curve generation method proposed in this paper are verified.

A Storage and Transmission Joint Planning Method for Centralized Wind Power Transmission

Centralized delivery has become the main operation mode under the scaled development of wind power.Transmission channels are usually the guarantee of out-delivered wind power for large-scale wind base.The configuration of transmission capacity,which has the features of low utilization and poor economy,is hardly matching correctly due to the volatility and low energy density of wind.The usage of energy storage can mitigate wind power fluctuations and reduce the requirement of out-delivery transmission capacity,but facing the issue of energy storage cost recovery.Therefore,it is necessary to optimize the allocation of energy storage while considering the problem of wind power transmission.This paper studies the joint optimization of large-scale wind power transmission capacity and energy storage,reveals the mechanism of energy storage in order to reduce the power fluctuation of wind power base and slow down the demand of transmission.Then,analyze the multi-functional cost-sharing mode of energy storage,improve the efficiency of energy storage cost recovery.Constructs the coordination optimization configuration model to deal with the problem of large-scale wind power transmission capacity and energy storage,and realizes the transmission capacity optimization coordination and optimization with energy storage.The proposed method is verified by a wind base located in Northeast China.

改进MOGOA及其在风储容量优化配置中的应用

针对传统方法在风储容量优化配置过程中求解精度低、效率低等问题,提出一种改进多目标蝗虫优化算法(improved multi-objective grasshopper optimization algorithm,IMOGOA),采用Fuch混沌映射、余弦自适应参数和莱维飞行三种策略进行改进,使算法的初始解分布更均匀、全局探索和局部开发更协调,同时增强了算法跳出局部最优的能力。对改进算法和多目标粒子群等多个算法进行性能测试对比,实验结果表明改进算法具有更好的寻优精度和稳定性。将该算法应用于风电场混合储能系统容量优化配置,对比其他算法,改进算法能够快速找出Pareto最优解集,在满足系统要求的同时,最大限度降低混合储能系统成本,可以验证算法改进策略的有效性和应用于实际优化问题的适用性。

含整体煤气化燃料电池-碳捕集电厂的风火储系统分布鲁棒调度方法

整体煤气化燃料电池(integrated gasification fuel cell,IGFC)是与碳捕集技术高度适配的清洁、高效、稳定的绿色煤电技术,有望克服传统碳捕集技术在低浓度CO_(2)环境下产生的高成本、高能耗问题。该文构建含IGFC碳捕集电厂的风火储发电系统。研究IGFC碳捕集电厂的运行机理,对IGFC内部各环节建立数学模型,提出工况匹配时燃烧利用率和阴极空气利用率需要满足的运行条件,并针对该型碳捕集电厂的电碳特性进行分析。为计及风电出力的不确定性,构建风火储系统的两阶段分布鲁棒经济调度模型,引入k阶适应性理论,提出基于正交支撑子集策略的求解方法来获得鲁棒对等式。最后,在改进IEEE-30节点系统中进行算例分析,结果表明,该型碳捕集电厂可利用阳极碳富集的优势,实现系统低碳经济调度的目标,并验证所提优化方法能为可行解提供可解释性。

考虑储能SOC自恢复的风电波动平抑混合储能容量配置策略

针对混合储能系统(HESS)平抑风电功率波动过程中HESS有功功率参考误差大、储能荷电状态(SOC)控制困难造成储能配置成本过高的问题,提出考虑SOC自恢复的混合储能系统容量优化配置策略。首先,考虑单一风电平抑滤波算法平滑性与跟踪性不能兼顾的问题,提出限幅与滑动平均加权滤波算法,动态调整算法权重和限幅参数,降低并网功率滞后时间,提升HESS有功功率参考准确性;然后,引入HESS累积放电量为分解对象,研究基于频率划分的HESS有功功率分配方法,避免功率参考二次修正、实现储能SOC自恢复控制;最后,以储能配置成本最低为目标,建立HESS全生命周期优化配置模型。基于风电场实测数据设计仿真验证方案,结果表明,该文策略可提高储能风电波动补偿裕度,降低储能配置成本。

风机与储能参与电网调频协调控制技术综述

风机自身的调频能力有限,已无法满足电网调频需求。储能的柔性控制、吞吐容量大以及响应速度快等特点可以弥补风机的不足,适合形成风储联合系统参与电网的调频控制。通过对储能与风机参与电力系统调频的原理和控制策略进行的详细梳理,介绍了储能参与调频的原理、特点以及储能的调频模型与控制策略,对不同类型以及混合储能系统的调频特点与效果进行分析;接着对风机的调频原理及不同控制策略进行阐述,以风机分别以变桨控制、转子动能控制和联合控制方式进行分类。最后对本领域的现状和未来发展进行了总结与展望。

Market-oriented Optimal Dispatching Strategy for a Wind Farm with a Multiple Stage Hybrid Energy Storage System

With the increased promotion of integrated energy power systems(IEPS),renewable energy and energy storage systems(ESS)play a more important role.However,the fluctuation and intermittent nature of wind not only results in substantial reliability and stability defects,but it also weakens the competitiveness of wind generation in the electric power market.Meanwhile,the way to further enhance the system reliability effectively improving market profits of wind farms is one of the most important aspects of Wind-ESS joint operational design.In this paper,a market-oriented optimized dispatching strategy for a wind farm with a multiple stage hybrid ESS is proposed.The first stage ESS is designed to improve the profits of wind generation through day-ahead market operations,the real-time marketbased second stage ESS is focused on day-ahead forecasting error elimination and wind power fluctuation smoothing,while the backup stage ESS is associated with them to provide the ancillary service.An interval forecasting method is adopted to help to ensure reliable forecast results of day-ahead wind power,electricity prices and loads.With this hybrid ESS design,supply reliability and market profits are simultaneously achieved for wind farms.

铁轨重力储能系统关键影响因素及其与风电场的耦合研究

大规模储能技术对于可再生能源的发展及电网稳定运行具有重要意义。铁轨重力储能(rail gravity energy storage,RGES)技术可灵活调度载重机车进行储/释能,有效解决风电场大幅度功率波动问题,在长时大规模储能应用技术中前景广阔。本文开展了RGES系统关键影响因素及其与风电场耦合调度的研究,基于MATLAB软件搭建了RGES系统模型及其与风电场的耦合系统模型,研究了储/释能过程中关键参数对RGES系统的影响规律,并且以减少风电场的弃风率为目的,选取了四个季节的典型日,详细研究了耦合系统的运行特性及RGES系统的配置方案。结果表明,储/释能功率随载重质量增加而增大,随匀速阶段的上/下坡速度增加而增大;储/释能效率及系统效率随载重质量的变化极小,随上/下坡速度增大而减小;RGES系统与风电场耦合运行时,可根据功率需求灵活配置各时段的载重车辆数及上/下坡速度进行储/释能,并可在四个季节典型日的用电高峰期分别实现22 MW、16 MW、27 MW、29 MW的恒定功率并网,且风电利用率平均增长17.1%。

Charging-rate-based Battery Energy Storage System in Wind Farm and Battery Storage Cooperation Bidding Problem

Wind power has been proven to have the ability to participate in the frequency modulation(FM)market.Using batteries to improve wind power stability can better aid wind farms participating in the FM market.Battery energy storage system(BESS)has a promising future in applying regulation and load management in the power grid.For regulation services,normally,the regulation power prediction is estimated based on the required maximum regulation capacity;the power needed for the specific regulation service is unknown to the BESS owner.However,this information is needed in the regulation model when formulating the linearised BESS model with a constraint on the state of charge(SoC).This compromises the accuracy of the model greatly when it is applied for regulation service.Moreover,different control strategies can be employed by BESS.However,the current depth of discharge(DoD)based models have difficulties in being used in a linearization problem.Due to the consideration of the control strategy,the model becomes highly nonlinear and cannot be solved.In this paper,a charging rate(C-rate)based model is introduced,which can consider different control strategies of a BESS for cooperation with wind farms to participate in wind farm estimation error compensation,load management,energy bid,and regulation bid.First,the limitation of conventional BESS models are listed,and a new C-rate-based model is introduced.Then the C-rate-based BESS model is adopted in a wind farm and BESS cooperation scheme.Finally,experimental studies are carried out,and the DoD model and C-rate model optimization results are compared to prove the rationality of the C-rate model.

基于储能和无功优化的直驱机组海上风电场低电压穿越策略

针对直驱永磁机组海上风电场中的低电压穿越问题,提出了一种基于储能和无功优化的控制方案。采用锂电池作为分散式储能设备,吸收故障时刻直流母线上的多余功率,抑制电网故障时机组直流侧电压上升。同时根据各台机组的不同运行状况分配不同的无功指令,选取网侧变流器输出的有功功率、直流母线电压、机端电压作为评价指标,依据评价指标结果对风电场中各台风电机组低电压穿越能力进行评估,优化控制各台机组的无功出力,从而有效提高整个风电场的无功输出能力。以某海上风电场为例进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明了该方案能显著提高风电场低电压穿越能力。

基于风电场景概率的电热混合储能优化配置

为有效提高风电入网的经济性和可行性,文中提出一种考虑风电典型场景概率的电热混合储能优化配置方案。首先通过场景分析,利用K-means聚类法将大量风机历史出力数据简化为6个典型出力场景,确定各场景发生的概率,其中聚类数目由肘部曲线法和Dunn指数法综合确定;其次提出电热混合储能系统控制策略,建立适用于多场景的风储联合系统模型;最后,以经济性成本最低与弃风量最小为目标,建立包含电、热负荷综合响应的容量配置优化模型,并将场景概率以权值的形式加入到目标函数中,采用粒子群算法求解模型。通过仿真分析和与其他储能配置场景对比,发现所提配置策略能够提高风电利用率约16.12%,同时减少系统综合成本约43.76%,验证了所提策略的合理性和有效性。

计及风电场的飞轮储能一次调频控制策略

随着新能源渗透率的提高,电力系统频率稳定性问题愈加严重。本文提出一种改进飞轮储能辅助风电场一次调频的控制策略,分析风储系统的频率特性和容量配置,风电场采用虚拟惯性控制参与一次调频。由于风电场的输出功率根据自然风速随机变化,可能会导致飞轮长期运行至较高或较低转速的状态,在风速骤变时甚至会引起飞轮转速越限。采用虚拟下垂控制结合模糊规则防止飞轮转速越限,从而弥补风电场在一次调频中的功率缺额。通过仿真分析及实验验证阶跃扰动和连续扰动的工况下的频率特性,得出改进控制策略在阶跃扰动和连续负荷扰动2种工况下最大频率偏差更小、响应速度更快的结论.

风光储能一体化智慧能源设计中计算机技术的应用

本文对智慧能源计算机技术在风光储能领域应用情况进行综述,详细分析了风光储能发电模型的拓扑结构,包括光伏发电模型、风力发电模型以及风光储能模型。基于模型结构,探讨了智慧能源以及相关网络技术在风光储能中的应用,着重阐述了智慧能源建立的感知层和管理层架构,并指出了各层级具体的组成部分。最后分析了智慧能源技术在储能产业中的未来应用前景。可以肯定的是,依靠“互联网+”和“万物互联”的思想,智慧能源作为储能系统的新兴软实力,其地位将会越来越重要,是未来新能源、储能产业发展的重要科目。

含风电场的分数阶电力系统自适应同步控制

针对含风电场的分数阶电力系统的混沌振荡问题,基于自适应同步理论,提出了一种自适应同步控制方法。首先,建立了一个整数阶三维且含储能装置的电力系统模型并推广为分数阶,采用相图、时序图、分岔图等方法对含风电场的分数阶电力系统的动力学行为进行分析。其次,推导了自适应同步控制定理的证明。最后,通过含有待辨识参数且含风电场分数阶混沌电力系统与稳定状态的系统实现完全同步,间接地实现系统的混沌控制和系统的参数辨识。

风储一体化系统无功响应技术研究

针对永磁直驱风机与分散式混合储能系统提出了联合无功控制策略。首先对永磁直驱风机以及储能系统的无功调节能力进行分析,确定永磁直驱风机与储能系统通过变流器控制均可参与无功调节;其次提出无功控制策略,从信号接收、初次分配、内部分配等方面进行分析,在初次分配中采用了等裕度分配方法,在内部分配中考虑了以储能优先出力进行比例分配;最后通过仿真验证了该策略的有效性,该策略可充分利用永磁直驱风机与储能系统的无功容量能力对电网的电压提供有效支撑。

基于改进p-有效点法的多风电场共享储能联合参与一次调频的容量优化

以大规模多风电场接入电力系统的一次调频备用容量为研究对象,首先通过引入风电出力预测误差的概率分布描述系统的不确定性因素,考虑风储一次调频备用总成本最小为目标;然后建立基于机会约束规划的多风电场联合共享储能参与一次调频的容量优化模型;最后提出基于快速傅里叶变换快速求解联合变量概率分布的改进p-有效点法通过数学解析将机会约束规划从形式上转化为确定性规划,再通过Yalmip调用Cplex实现模型的快速求解。算例结果表明,所提模型和方法可有效提高风储调频效果和收益,且具有更高的求解效率。

考虑氢能储运特性的配电网集群划分与氢能系统选址定容策略

电-氢能源系统(IEHS)的合理规划对能源结构转型具有重要意义,充分利用氢储能的可移动特性可降低IEHS综合成本,提出一种考虑氢能储运特性的配电网集群划分与氢能系统规划策略。首先,将氢能系统拆分为多个氢能子系统(HES),建立多个HES之间的气氢拖车交通运输及储运成本模型;其次,基于电力-交通网架结构与新能源分布情况提出配电网集群划分方法;最后,根据集群划分结果,建立HES双层选址定容模型,该模型以IEHS年综合成本最低为目标,分层解决单个集群内HES的容量配置问题、各集群内部HES选址定容及气氢拖车配置问题。结果表明:提出的策略可以减小氢能储运压力、降低IEHS综合成本,提升风、光消纳水平,加快系统潮流计算迭代收敛速度。

风电场配套储能的自适应虚拟惯性——阻尼控制

提出了一种面向风储系统并网点频率稳定性提升的储能自适应虚拟惯性-阻尼控制策略。首先,通过分析推导,在储能控制策略中引入惯量控制参数与阻尼控制参数的调整系数,实现控制参数的自适应调整;其次,通过小信号分析整定,给出惯量控制参数与阻尼控制参数的取值范围;最后,基于所搭建的风储联合系统,对本文所提控制方法面对不同类型故障时的有效性进行了验证。结果证明,相比于传统虚拟同步控制方法,本文所提方法能够显著提升并网点频率稳定性,并且实现惯性和阻尼的自适应平滑调节。