A Time-Domain Numerical Simulation for Free Motion Responses of Two Ships Advancing in Head Waves

The constant panel method within the framework of potential flow theory in the time domain is developed for solving the hydrodynamic interactions between two parallel ships with forward speed.When solving problems within a time domain framework,the free water surface needs to simultaneously satisfy both the kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions of the free water surface.This provides conditions for adding artificial damping layers.Using the Runge−Kutta method to solve equations related to time.An upwind differential scheme is used in the present method to deal with the convection terms on the free surface to prevent waves upstream.Through the comparison with the available experimental data and other numerical methods,the present method is proved to have good mesh convergence,and satisfactory results can be obtained.The constant panel method is applied to calculate the hydrodynamic interaction responses of two parallel ships advancing in head waves.Numerical simulations are conducted on the effects of forward speed,different longitudinal and lateral distances on the motion response of two modified Wigley ships in head waves.Then further investigations are conducted on the effects of different ship types on the motion response.

An Improved Time Domain Approach for Analysis of Floating Bridges Based on Dynamic Finite Element Method and State-Space Model

The floating bridge bears the dead weight and live load with buoyancy,and has wide application prospect in deep-water transportation infrastructure.The structural analysis of floating bridge is challenging due to the complicated fluid-solid coupling effects of wind and wave.In this research,a novel time domain approach combining dynamic finite element method and state-space model(SSM)is established for the refined analysis of floating bridges.The dynamic coupled effects induced by wave excitation load,radiation load and buffeting load are carefully simulated.High-precision fitted SSMs for pontoons are established to enhance the calculation efficiency of hydrodynamic radiation forces in time domain.The dispersion relation is also introduced in the analysis model to appropriately consider the phase differences of wave loads on pontoons.The proposed approach is then employed to simulate the dynamic responses of a scaled floating bridge model which has been tested under real wind and wave loads in laboratory.The numerical results are found to agree well with the test data regarding the structural responses of floating bridge under the considered environmental conditions.The proposed time domain approach is considered to be accurate and effective in simulating the structural behaviors of floating bridge under typical environmental conditions.

Non-stationary Buffeting Response Analysis of Long Span Suspension Bridge Under Strong Wind Loading

The non-stationary buffeting response of long span suspension bridge in time domain under strong wind loading is computed. Modeling method for generating non-stationary fluctuating winds with probabilistic model for non-stationary strong wind fields is first presented. Non-stationary wind forces induced by strong winds on bridge deck and tower are then given a brief introduction. Finally,Non-stationary buffeting response of Pulite Bridge in China,a long span suspension bridge,is computed by using ANSYS software under four working conditions with different combination of time-varying mean wind and time-varying variance. The case study further confirms that it is necessity of considering non-stationary buffeting response for long span suspension bridge under strong wind loading,rather than only stationary buffeting response.

Nonlinear Random Motion Analysis of Coupled Heave-Pitch Motions of a Spar Platform Considering lst-Order and 2nd-Order Wave Loads

In this study, the coupled heave-pitch motion equations of a spar platform were established by considering lst-order and 2nd-order random wave loads and the effects of time-varying displacement volume and transient wave elevation. We generated random wave loads based on frequency-domain wave load transfer functions and the Joint North Sea Wave Project （JONSWAP） wave spectrum, designed program codes to solve the motion equations, and then simulated the coupled heave-pitch motion responses of the platform in the time domain. We then calculated and compared the motion responses in different sea conditions and separately investigated the effects of 2nd-order random wave loads and transient wave elevation. The results show that the coupled heave-pitch motion responses of the platform are primarily dominated by wave height and the characteristic wave period, the latter of which has a greater impact. 2nd-order mean wave loads mainly affect the average heave value. The platform＇s pitch increases after the 2nd-order low frequency wave loads are taken into account. The platform＇s heave is underestimated if the transient wave elevation term in the motion equations is neglected.

Dynamic Response Analysis of Risers Subjected to Combined Wave and Current Loading

A dynamic response analysis in the frequency domain is presented for risers subjected to combined wave and current loading. Considering the effects of current, a modified wave spectrum is adopted to compute the linearized drag force. An additional drag force convolution term is added to the linearized drag force spectrum, therefore the error is reduced which arises from the truncation of higher order terms in the drag force auto-correlation function. An expression of linearized drag force spectrum is given taking the relative velocity into account. It is found that the additional term is a fold convolution integral. In this paper dynamic responses of risers are investigated, while the influence of floater motion on risers is considered. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the present method reaches the degree required in time domain analysis.

Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Three-Bucket Jacket Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbines During the Lowering Process

The three-bucket jacket foundation is a new type of foundation for offshore wind turbine that has the advantages of fast construction speed and suitability for deep water. The study of the hoisting and launching process is of great significance to ensure construction safety in actual projects. In this paper, a new launching technology is proposed that is based on the foundation of the three-bucket jacket for offshore wind turbine. A complete time domain simulation of the launching process of three-bucket jacket foundation is carried out by a theoretical analysis combined with hydrodynamic software Moses. At the same time, the effects of different initial air storage and sea conditions on the motion response of the structure and the hoisting cable tension are studied. The results show that the motion response of the structure is the highest when it is lowered to 1.5 times the bucket height. The natural period of each degree of freedom of the structure increases with the increase of the lowering depth. The structural motion response and the hoisting cable tension vary greatly in the early phases of Stages Ⅰ and Ⅲ, smaller in Stage Ⅱ, and gradually stabilize in the middle and late phases of Stage Ⅲ.

复杂电能信号谐波时频域特征分析及其对电能计量影响

为准确分析复杂电能信号谐波时频域特性对电能计量的影响,提出了一种零值搜索-短时傅里叶变换时频域电压、电流信号幅度和相位分析算法,利用信号波形过零特征,自适应调整短窗傅里叶变换的时域窗宽,解决了电网频率波动导致的相位累积效应对相位分析的影响,算法的幅值分析误差为10-3、相位分析误差小于1°;建立了复杂电能信号时频域数据表征模型和4类时频域全局化特征矩阵提取算法,解决了时频域特性表征与提取的问题;以典型非线性动态负荷中频炉为分析案例,分析给出了其4类时频域全局化特征,并建立了畸变波形动态电能测试信号特征模型,通过辅助实验验证了4个时频域全局化特征对电能表动态超差的影响,提出了对国际和国内标准修改的建议。

风电不确定性输入下电力系统仿真的区间仿射算法

大规模的风电机组并网改变了以同步发电机为主的传统电力系统的暂态特性,此外风电出力的随机性会影响电力系统的暂态稳定性。为此,文中提出了基于仿射算术的电力系统不确定性时域仿真算法,以考虑风电出力的波动性。在双馈风电机组机电暂态模型的基础上,扩展电力系统机电暂态模型,建立考虑双馈风电机组输入功率波动下的电力系统机电暂态仿射模型,通过隐式梯形积分法将仿射模型转化为的仿射雅克比矩阵方程迭代求解。仿真结果表明,文中所提出的仿射方法在不假设输入不确定量概率分布的情况下,能够较蒙特卡洛仿真更快地获得电力系统暂态响应的区间边界。

浅水浮式风电结构非线性波浪荷载及动力响应特性研究

浮式风电结构在浅水海域中承受的波浪荷载及运动响应表现出非线性特征,对浮式风电安全性提出很高要求。本文建立了风机-浮式基础-系泊系统耦合分析模型,对于不同水深、不同波浪荷载计算方法下的频域水动力系数和时域计算结果分别进行了对比,讨论了水深以及波浪荷载计算方法对浮式风电结构响应和系泊张力的影响。结果表明:浮式风电结构的水动力性能和动力响应随水深变化显著。水深较浅时,浮体响应和系泊张力的低频部分明显增大,二阶波浪荷载的影响更加显著。同时,Newman近似方法与全二次传递函数方法相比,在浅水条件下会明显低估二阶波浪荷载效应,进而影响平台响应和系泊张力的分析。

基于输入−状态联合估计的漂浮式风机塔架结构载荷反演及状态分析

[目的]旨在研究波浪作用下漂浮式风机塔架的结构载荷反演方法及动力响应状态。[方法]以半潜型风机为研究对象,通过时域仿真模拟测量数据,并且基于漂浮式风机的频域仿真模型计算塔架的质量归一化模态,将二者作为输入−状态联合估计(joint input-state estimation,JIS)算法的输入,对漂浮式风机塔架开展结构载荷反演以及实时状态分析。[结果]结果表明:基于JIS算法,以塔架节点的仿真数据作为算法的输入,估计的塔根载荷以及塔架节点响应与仿真结果具有良好的一致性,实现了高精度的反演。[结论]反演结果验证了JIS算法的有效性,可以用于漂浮式风机的实时状态分析,保障漂浮式风机长期安全稳定运行。

基于布里渊光时域峰值边沿分析的变压器绕组局部热点检测

变压器绕组的温度分布一直是电网运行人员重点关注的对象。与传统传感器相比,分布式光纤传感具有抗电磁干扰能力强、可实现分布式测量等优势,其中布里渊光时域分析技术(BOTDA)的性能稳定,适用于大多数场景,但BOTDA的空间分辨率为m级,难以分辨绕组运行中的局部热点。该文从布里渊散射增益谱的机理入手,利用双峰拟合算法,并结合对异常峰值曲线的边沿分析,提出了一种在不增加系统硬件复杂度的基础上提升BOTDA空间分辨率的方法,以满足局部热点检测要求。通过对光纤沿线不同位置、不同热点长度及不同热点温度下的模拟试验验证了该方法的有效性,在实验室条件下可将准确传感的热点长度提升至原空间分辨率的一半以内。基于变压器实际绕组的局部升温试验,实现了绕组异常热点的精确定位和长度感知,并准确解调了绕组局部热点的温度,进一步验证了该方法的实际可行性和检测优越性,温度相对误差控制在5%以内,为提高变压器绕组温度在线监测的经济性和可行性提供新的思考,同时也为变压器绕组局部故障的提前感知和预警提供了新的思路。

矩形钢管混凝土束风机塔筒风振特性研究

随着风电资源优势区开发逐渐饱和,风电开发的重心开始向风资源条件相对恶劣的低风速地区转移,分布式、大功率、高塔筒和长叶片已经成为风电行业发展趋势。基于此提出了一种新型的矩形钢管混凝土束风机塔筒,该塔筒由矩形钢管混凝土束拼接而成,具有强度高、刚度大和耗能能力强的优点。为研究该塔筒结构的风振响应特性,选用Kaimal脉动风速功率谱,采用谐波合成法模拟风荷载时程曲线,对其进行了动力时程分析,并计算了风振系数及等效静力风荷载。结果表明:该新型塔筒在额定风速下位移塔顶位移最大值为911.84 mm,对应的水平位移角为1/154,符合规范要求。塔筒各构件的强度较好,且具有较大的安全富余度。基于位移等效的阵风荷载因子法计算得到的风振系数值较低;在惯性风荷载法计算得到的等效静力风荷载作用下,结构位移、基底剪力与结构随机振动分析得到的基本一致。

一次强风作用下大跨度桥梁主梁非平稳抖振可靠性分析

抖振可靠性评估对保障大型桥梁结构在强风作用下的安全性具有十分重要的意义。在已有研究基础上,基于非平稳风场模型和精细化的抖振时域分析方法,并考虑抖振响应的非平稳性和非高斯特征,构建了大跨度桥梁主梁非平稳抖振可靠性分析的方法流程。非平稳脉动风速的模拟基于进化谱理论采用谐波合成法并引入均匀调制函数来实现。静风力荷载采用规范公式求解,非平稳抖振力采用准定常气动理论并引入气动导纳公式来修正其误差进行模拟,气动自激力通过引入单元气动刚度矩阵与气动阻尼矩阵实现。对于精细化有限元分析得到的抖振响应,采用Winterstein修正模型对其进行高斯转换,并考虑响应方差的时变特性,采用基于Poisson假定的首次超越概率来求解非平稳抖振动力可靠性。应用所提出的方法流程对某大跨度斜拉桥在一次强风作用下的抖振可靠性进行了分析评估,证明了其有效性。

水平瞬态荷载作用下桩土动力相互作用研究

为研究桩基在桩-土界面连续条件下,桩顶受撞击等水平瞬态荷载作用时桩基位移响应、桩-土界面动力响应和桩周土的应力分布规律,根据Biot理论和Novak平面应变假定,采用Euler梁建立桩-饱和土耦合振动的平面应变简化模型,利用Laplace变换和势函数分解求解系统动力控制方程.针对桩-土系统在水平三角形冲击荷载作用下的振动状态,着重对桩基位移响应、桩-土界面和桩周土的动力响应开展时域分析.研究发现:桩-土系统的位移场响应滞后于应力场响应;桩土模量比越小,桩-土界面有效径向应力、切应力及孔压响应越显著;土体渗透系数减小引起桩-土界面孔压增大,导致有效径向应力减小,桩-土界面处切应力几乎不受渗透系数变化的影响;渗透系数较大时,桩周土孔压分布较分散,最大有效径向应力出现在桩-土界面附近;渗透系数较小时,桩周土孔压分布较为集中,最大有效径向应力则出现在桩-土界面较远处.

海上热发射过程中发射船系泊布置方式研究

海上发射平台/船在进行热发射作业过程中,会受到火箭冲击和风、浪、流的联合作用。由于系泊系统的布置方式不同,海上发射平台/船的运动响应与系泊的应力状态均会受到影响,进而影响到平台/船-箭的安全,因此该文探究了多因素耦合作用下的海上发射船系泊布置方式,包括系泊点位置布置和系泊线长度变化对海上发射船运动响应和系泊应力状态的影响。研究发现将系泊点置于发射船水线以下以及适当增加系泊线的长度,将更加有利于海上发射作业的进行,为今后的海上发射船系泊系统布置提供技术参考。

桥塔风效应对异形斜拉桥抖振响应的影响

异形斜拉桥桥塔刚度小,受力情况复杂,主梁和桥塔的气动耦合现象强。目前关于桥塔风效应对桥梁风致抖振响应的研究大多是基于普通多塔斜拉桥和悬索桥的,针对异形斜拉桥桥塔风效应的影响鲜有研究。分别利用风洞试验及数值模拟的方法得到了某异形斜拉桥主梁及桥塔截面的三分力系数,以及主梁、桥塔的脉动风速时程,并基于准定常理论得到气动自激力的时域化模型。在此基础上,分别研究了自激力及桥塔风效应对该桥抖振响应的影响。研究表明:主梁竖向位移受桥塔风效应影响较小,但桥塔横向位移响应及主梁横向、扭转位移响应受桥塔风效应影响较大,且桥塔横向位移响应增大幅度较为明显;自激力会使该桥主梁位移响应略微减小,但影响很小。

连续变弯度后缘飞机的滚转机动载荷减缓

变弯度后缘机翼具有变形连续、阻力较小、气动噪声较低等优势,越来越多地应用于新概念飞行器的设计之中。基于此,提出一种基于变弯度后缘的飞行器刚弹耦合动力学建模方法,并针对变弯度后缘飞机缩比模型开展了滚转机动仿真分析与风洞试验。结果表明:变弯度后缘可以操纵飞机在2 s内进行180°滚转机动。相较于外侧后缘单独变形,通过内外后缘协同变形可以降低30%以上的滚转机动附加载荷。另外,对比表明滚转角仿真结果与风洞试验数据误差小于6%,验证了所提方法的准确性。

基于点吸收式波能装置风浪联合获能系统动力特性研究

基于风和波浪的伴生关系及波浪能与风能同时获取的可行性,提出一种基于半潜式风力机与点吸收式波能装置的新型风浪联合获能系统。建立考虑等效(PTO)的全过程风-浪-多体耦合时域分析模型,并研究波能装置设计参数对波浪能输出功率的影响规律,重点研究风浪联合运行海况下新型风浪联合获能系统的结构动力响应特征与获能特性。结果表明,波能装置的安装对平台纵荡运动和系泊系统产生不利影响,对风力涡轮机的影响较小,此外垂荡和纵摇响应均随波能装置的加入得到抑制,纵摇角平均值减小25%,垂荡位移标准差减小42%,与漂浮式风力机相比,联合获能系统的平均输出功率增加17%。

核级截止阀抗冲击性能数值分析

为确保对核级截止阀的抗冲击性能进行全面而准确的评估,以核级截止阀为对象,分别采用动力学设计法(DDAM)和时域模拟法在频域和时域上对核级截止阀进行抗冲击计算分析。首先计算截止阀分别在纵向、垂向和横向三个方向上的频域和时域冲击载荷,然后对截止阀的抗冲击特性进行仿真计算,得到截止阀三个方向上的位移及应力分布。两种方法计算结果表明,截止阀的阀体两侧拐角部位是截止阀在冲击载荷下的薄弱部分。同时,截止阀对冲击载荷的响应与冲击加载方向有很大关系,截止阀响应的特性都以横向响应为主,要对横向抗冲击设计重点考虑。

风浪联合作用下OOstar平台低频运动响应分析

基于FAST建立OOstar平台的时域模型,研究风浪联合作用下平台的运动响应,采用统计学方法分析平台的不规则运动规律,利用傅里叶变换对平台运动进行频谱分析,重点关注波浪载荷差频分量及风载荷对平台低频慢漂运动的影响。结果表明:在不同海况下差频分量与风载荷均会使平台运动振幅增加,并使大振幅对应运动周期的离散性增强,而对小振幅对应运动周期的影响较小;差频分量对振幅及运动周期的影响随着海况的恶劣而增强,风载荷则相反。频谱分析表明,差频分量在不同海况下对平台自振频率处运动的激励影响均较大,风载荷则在四级海况下对平台自振频率处运动的激励影响较大,在八级海况下对平台自振频率处的激励影响较小。