The Influence of Radial Area Variation on Wind Turbines to the Axial Induction Factor

Improvements in the aerodynamic design will lead to more efficiency of wind turbines and higher power production. In the present study, a 3D parametric gas turbine blade geometry building code, 3DBGB, has been modified in order to include wind turbine design capabilities. This approach enables greater flexibility of the design along with the ability to design more complex geometries with relative ease. The NREL NASA Phase VI wind turbine was considered as a test case for validation and as a baseline by which modified designs could be compared. The design parameters were translated into 3DBGB input to create a 3D model of the wind turbine which can also be imported into any CAD program. Design modifications included replacing the airfoil section and modifying the thickness to chord ratio as a function of span. These models were imported into a high-fidelity CFD package, Fine/TURBO by NUMECA. Fine/TURBO is a specialized CFD platform for turbo-machinery analysis. A code-geomturbo was used to convert the 3D model of the wind turbine into the native format used to define geometries in the Fine/TURBO meshing tool, AutoGrid. The CFD results were post processed using a 3D force analysis code. The radial force variations were found to play a measurable role in the performance of wind turbine blades. The radial component of the blade surface area as it varies in span is the dominant contributor of the radial forces. Through the radial momentum equation, this radial force variation is responsible for creating the streamline curvature that leads to the expansion of the streamtube (slipstream) that is responsible for slowing the wind velocity ahead of the wind turbine leading edge, which is quantified as the axial induction factor. These same radial forces also play a role in changing the slipstream for propellers. Through the design modifications, simulated with CFD and post-processed appropriately, this connection with the radial component of area to the radial forces to the axial induction factor, and finally the wind turbine power is demonstrated. The results from the CFD analysis and 3D force analysis are presented. For the case presented, the power increases by 5.6% due to changes in airfoil thickness only.

Industrial Arrangement of Large-scale,Non-grid-connected Wind Power Industrial Zones in Coastal Areas of China

Constructing an industrial system for a large-scale,non-grid-connected wind power industry is a key step towards the diverse utilization of wind power.However,wind power exploitation is not only a technical challenge but an industrial problem as well.The objective of this study is to introduce a concept of large-scale,non-grid-connected wind power(LSNGCWP) industrial zones and establish an evaluation model to assess their industrial arrangement.The data of wind energy,industry,nature resources and socio-economy were collected in this study.Using spatial overlay analysis of geographic information system,this study proposes a spatial arrangement of the LSNGCWP indus-trial zones in the coastal areas of China,which could be summarized as the 'one line and three circles' structure,which will contribute to the optimization of the industrial structure,advance the wind power technology,coordinate the multi-industrial cooperation,and upgrade the industrial transformation of China's coastal areas.

Landscape Visual Environment Impact Analysis of Wind Power Project in Plain Region--Case in One Wind Power Farm Project of Zhanjiang

The construction of wind power project is conducive to saving energy,reducing emissions and regulating energy structure. But it inevitably causes some impacts on the environment in the construction process. Because that the height of wind power generator generally exceeds 100 m,and visual range in plain region is farther,it is necessary to scientifically and rationally evaluate and analyze landscape visual environment impact of wind power generator in plain region. One wind power farm project of Zhanjiang is located in typical plain region of Guangdong coast. Referring to traditional analytic method of landscape visual impact and comparing with actual situation for the same kind of project in the region,results show that it is ＂ extremely sensitive＂ area at 0- 2. 5 km from wind power generator, ＂ very sensitive＂ area at 2. 5- 5. 0 km, ＂ sensitive＂ area at 5- 10 km, ＂generally sensitive＂ area at 10- 20 km,and non-sensitive area outside 20 km.

Feasibility of Wind Power Generation for the Reduction of Power Costs in Residential Buildings

The installation of wind power generators on buildings located in areas with regular winds may be a suitable investment in a renewable power source. Brazil has a high eolic potential, where the annual mean wind speed may reach over eight meters per second. This case study is aimed to assess the economic feasibility of the installation of small wind power plants in urban areas. This work evaluates a project for the installation of a vertical axis wind turbine in three buildings （15-, 22-, and 26-story） including the following stages： （1） installation of a real-time power meter in the 15-store unit; （2） demand analysis of the 26-store building＇s power consumption; （3） winds survey along the coast of the State of Ceara; （4） analysis of the wind turbines available in the market; （5） simulation aimed to choose the system. Vertical wind power generators offer better conditions of use in urban areas. The turnover time was established to be between four and six years in the three studied units. The installation of a wind power generator on buildings in regions with an adequate eolic regimen reaches a financial return of the investment before the end of the equipment＇s lifespan.

Development and Application of On-line Wind Power Risk Assessment System

Because of the large-scale integration of wind power,the dynamic characteristics of power system have many uncertain effects.Based on deterministic analysis methods,traditional on-line security assessment system cannot quantitatively estimate the actual operating conditions of the power system for only considering the most serious and credible accidents.Therefore,the risk theory is introduced into an on-line security assessment system and then an on-line risk assessment system for wind power is designed and implemented by combining with the dynamic security assessment system.Based on multiple data integration,the wind power disturbance probability is available and the security assessment of the power grid can obtain security indices in different aspects.The operating risk index is an expectation of severity,computed by summing up all the products of the result probability and its severity.Analysis results are reported to the dispatchers in on-line environment,while the comprehensive weak links are automatically provided to the power dispatching center.The risk assessment system in operation can verify the reasonableness of the system.

Impact of wind power generating system integration on frequency stabilization in multi-area power system with fuzzy logic controller in deregulated environment

Among the available options for renewable energy integration in existing power system, wind power is being considered as one of the suited options for future electrical power generation. The major constraint of wind power generating system （WPGS） is that it does not provide inertial support because of power electronic converters between the grid and the WPGS to facilitate frequency stabilization. The proposed control strategy suggests a substantial contribution to system inertia in terms of short-term active power support in a two area restructured power system. The control scheme uses fuzzy logic based design and takes frequency deviation as input to provide quick active power support, which balances the drop in frequency and tie-line power during transient conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the wind power impact with increasing wind power penetration on frequency stabilization in restructured power system scenario. Variation of load conditions are also analyzed in simulation studies for the same power system model with the proposed control scheme. Simula- tion results advocates the justification of control scheme over other schemes.

考虑制氢效率优化的氢-储-风直流微网功率协调控制

利用风电等新能源制氢是提高新能源消纳能力的一种有效技术手段。为适应风电及负荷功率的波动性并确保制氢电解槽高效运行,提出一种考虑制氢效率优化运行需求的氢-储-风直流微网功率协调控制方法。根据制氢电解槽优化运行区间和直流母线电压波动范围,将直流微网划分为正常运行模式(即制氢电解槽优化运行)和极端运行模式(即制氢电解槽非优化运行)。在正常运行模式下,通过电解槽的自适应下垂控制和电池储能含虚拟电容的变系数下垂控制,将电解槽运行点维持在优化运行区间内,保证电解槽高效安全运行;在极端运行模式下,通过氢/储控制策略灵活切换以确保直流微网电压安全。所提协调控制方法不但可快速抑制风电及负荷功率波动所引发的直流母线电压波动,而且可维持制氢效率处于较高水平。最后,通过PSCAD/EMTDC的仿真算例分析验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性。

基于高塔数据的山区丘陵与平原湖区风能参数差异分析

[目的]为促进风能资源开发的持续健康发展,为内陆地区风能资源的合理开发及利用提供科学依据,文章重点分析山区丘陵与平原湖区主要风能参数特征及差异。[方法]选用11个塔高为90~150 m的测风塔1整年观测资料,对湖北省山区、丘陵、平原及湖区等5种不同地形形态下的主要风能参数特征及差异进行探讨。[结果]分析结果表明:(1)各塔高层风速日变幅在1.0~2.3 m/s,山区丘陵地形下变幅明显大于平原湖区,且各层变化趋于一致,均为白天小晚上大,平原湖区低层风速日变化与高层特征相反,为白天大晚上小;(2)各塔综合风切变指数在0.055~0.328之间,在山区丘陵地形下大于平原湖区,风切变指数日变幅在0.063~0.378,变化特征为白天小晚上大,平原湖区风切变日变幅明显大于山区丘陵,大风情况下的风切变在山区丘陵地形下分布较为离散,平原湖区地形下则相对较为集中,基本稳定在0.1~0.2之间;(3)各塔高层有效风速段年平均湍流强度为0.13~0.18,山区地形下大于平原湖区,各塔湍流强度日变幅在0.07~0.15,变化特征均为白天大晚上小,但山区丘陵地形下变幅明显大于平原湖区。[结论]不同地形下的风能资源特征在动力和热力作用下表现出明显的时空变化差异,分析结果可为风能资源开发利用提供指导。

考虑大规模风电接入的电网薄弱区域动态无功需求评估

提出考虑大规模风电接入的电网薄弱区域动态无功需求评估方法。首先,采用随机矩阵理论对大规模风电场群接入的电力系统进行电压薄弱节点和薄弱区域辨识,若风电接入地区为电压薄弱区域,则令风电场群进入紧急电压控制预决策环节;然后,基于BP神经网络建立薄弱区域内暂态电压稳定指标计算模型,并在此基础上提出基于灵敏度的薄弱区域动态无功需求评估方法;最后,在风电场群接入的IEEE 10机39节点系统上对该文所提方法的有效性进行验证。

中欧漂浮式海上风电关键技术与产业链合作路径研究

基于中国完善的装备制造体系与欧洲丰富的项目经验优势互补现状,首先,围绕漂浮式海上风电机组、浮式基础、系泊及锚固系统、动态海缆、勘察设计、施工运输与安装、运行维护等产业链和关键技术进行研究,建立了纵向深层剖析和横向拓展对比的产业链评价体系;然后,结合不同细分领域中欧对比结果提出了18项重点合作领域;最后,探讨了试验交流、合作建设、规模应用、全球推广的中欧合作路径,期望解决国内示范样机浮式基础形式单一、成本高昂、产业链不成熟的问题,并为中欧漂浮式海上风电合作提供一定思路和启发。

电力需求增长和负荷灵活性提升视角下的风光资源密集地区可再生能源消纳研究

中国风、光资源密集地区与电力负荷集中地区的不匹配为可再生能源大规模发展后的消纳问题带来重大挑战,“双碳”目标下,如何促进可再生能源消纳已成为中国能源结构转型亟需解决的问题。从增加电力需求和提升负荷灵活性的创新视角出发,以内蒙古自治区为例探究风、光资源密集地区可再生能源消纳情况、形成原因及其破解思路。研究发现,2030年,内蒙古可能产生约2000亿kWh弃风弃光量;经济发展、人口规模、第二产业与第三产业发展、居民供暖等是内蒙古电力需求增长的主要驱动因素,当前工业发展对地区电力消费和可再生能源消纳的带动作用有待提升;内蒙古钢铁行业和电解铝行业通过采用电弧炉炼钢工艺、电解槽改造技术等方式,可以为电力系统提供巨大的负荷灵活性潜力。鉴于此,风、光资源密集地区应积极推动能源结构转型和产业结构电气化转型的协同机制,激励工业用户等市场主体提供负荷灵活性,鼓励最终消费端采用绿色清洁电力实现对传统化石能源的替代,进而有效促进可再生能源的消纳。

基于交能融合的分布式海上风电选址与布置

[目的]在近海浅水海上风电场场址资源日益稀缺,场址逐步向深远海、大型化、基地化发展的背景下,探讨一种交能融合的分布式海上风电,以规避开放式水域的大型海上风电场常出现的涉海范围广、征海面积大、影响通航安全等问题。[方法]基于已建或正在规划的大型港区配套建设的防波堤进行优选场址,在分析港池与防波堤的功能与布置的基础上,通过对海上风力发电机组及海底电缆的优化布置,可实现技术与经济、政策与环境等多方面的提升。[结果]对比国内数十个开放式水域已建海上风电工程,基于交能融合的分布式海上风电场可显著地缩小场址涉海范围、减少征海面积,并降低对周边区域船舶海上通行的影响,是一种相对安全、经济、环保的海上风电场址类型。[结论]通过对交能融合的分布式海上风电选址与布置的探讨,阐述了该类型海上风电场在节约用海、减少海上碍航物、捆绑送出和就地消纳、施工与运维等多方面的优点,并可将其作为现阶段单一海上风电类型的重要补充,成为一种新的增量海上风电场址资源。

风电机组异常风速的识别和修正方法研究

有效的数据清洗手段可提高风电机组测风资料的质量,而风机数据质量对风资源评估、风功率发电有重要意义。本文提出了风功率区间识别风速、功率的异常值,再基于风机高相关片区修正风速的方法。资料选用2020—2022年内蒙古乌兰察布市北部某风电场的风机测风数据进行分析。结果表明:风功率区间修正后的风机数据完整率提高至90%以上,利用风机高相关片区,修正了部分异常风速。该方法提高了风电场风电机组测风风速的数据质量,实现了风速和功率互相校准,为风电场发电量预测、调控提供基础性支撑数据。

重覆冰区域风电送出线路中节能导线的应用研究

开展节能导线的应用研究,对重覆冰区域风电送出线路的安全、经济运行具有重要意义。以湖南某110 kV风电送出线路工程为例,针对其重覆冰、低损耗小时数的特点,从电能损耗、覆冰弧垂及过载能力、经济费用等方面对3类节能导线、钢芯铝合金绞线和普通钢芯铝绞线进行了应用分析。分析结果表明:在15 mm中冰区和20 mm重冰区,JL3/G1A-400/50型钢芯高导电率铝绞线更优;在30 mm重冰区,考虑弧垂特性和排杆需要,不适合采用节能导线,推荐采用钢芯铝合金绞线。

内蒙古四大沙漠地区风电大基地机组选型分析

利用2020—2022年ERA-5再分析资料及8个测风塔完整年数据,对内蒙古四大沙漠的风速、温度等自然条件进行统计分析,结果表明,四大沙漠地区具有丰富的风资源条件,适合风电能源的开发,且风力发电机组设计条件可满足四大沙漠地区的湍流与极端温度环境。以当前风电市场的5种机型为例,对不同方案在沙漠地区大基地项目中的发电量、静态投资、内部收益率进行分析讨论,定性对比各机型的经济性差异,结果表明长叶轮、大容量风机更符合高经济性的市场需求。

重庆市山地地区近地层风切变研究

为分析重庆山地地区近地层风切变指数的特征,利用重庆市7座80~90m完整年测风塔实测数据,研究7座测风塔风切变指数时间和空间的变化特征。结果表明7座测风塔实测风切变指数差异较大,变化范围为0.04~0.34,相比1/7(约0.143)的参考值,实测风切变指数误差幅度最高达137%。该结论可用于重庆山地地区近地层风切变指数的模拟及风速推算,以提高该地区分散式风电项目开发选址和风能资源评估的科学性。

川西高原山地风功率日变化情况研究

以川西高原山地风功率日变化情况为研究对象,对风功率数据进行了预处理和自相关系数分析,并探讨了高原山区风电特性对风功率的影响。通过对川西高原山地风功率数据的自相关系数进行计算,分析自相关系数的峰值和周期,发现风功率具有日周期性,每间隔一天就会出现一次较强的正相关,同时在一定周期内风功率也会出现较强的负相关性,表明风功率的变化可能受其他因素的影响。通过探讨不同地形和气象要素对功率预测的影响,发现风速和风向是影响风电出力的主要因素。

山地风力发电项目风机基础施工技术研究

虽然山地风力发电项目有利于充分利用环境优势开发风能新能源,但是山地风力发电项目风机基础施工往往存在山地地形复杂、生态环境保护需求大等难点。为丰富山地风力发电项目风机基础施工经验,文章选取某处山脊东侧开展的风力发电项目风机基础施工案例研究了其施工要点。从其施工过程汲取经验,指出了山地风力发电项目风机基础施工的注意事项,旨在为相似工程提供施工技术与方法借鉴。

川西南复杂高原山地风电基建的地质分析与可行性评估

以川西南复杂高原山地环境下的大唐普格甘天地二期风电场工程为研究对象,通过系统的地质分析与评价,探讨在此复杂地质条件下开展风电基建的可行性和稳定性。通过地质特性分析、地震效应评估、不良地质现象调查及岩土体物理力学性质试验,为该地区风电场的可持续建设和运营提供科学、客观的依据。研究结果显示,在川西南复杂高原山地环境下,虽然存在一些挑战性的地质问题,但整体上该地区具备开展风电基建的条件。然而,在实际建设和运营中仍需采取相应的技术和管理措施,以确保风电场的安全运行和环保目标的实现。

风电运行中叶片破损面积计算探究

风电设备的维养和保护中,对叶片的破损区域进行精确监控与准确识别,实现对叶片破损面积的有效计算,是提升风电运行效率的基础条件。传统的叶片破损监控和计算方式存在一定程度的不足,为了提高风电运行效率和运行质量,提出以YOLO神经网络识别算法和视觉算法为基础的智能化叶片破损识别及破损面积计算。以期通过该计算方式的研究和应用,提高风电运行中叶片破损面积计算的有效性和精确性,为风电机组的高效安全运行保驾护航。