A low-carbon economic dispatch model for electricity market with wind power based on improved ant-lion optimisation algorithm

Introducing carbon trading into electricity market can convert carbon dioxide into schedulable resources with economic value.However,the randomness of wind power generation puts forward higher requirements for electricity market transactions.Therefore,the carbon trading market is introduced into the wind power market,and a new form of low-carbon economic dispatch model is developed.First,the economic dispatch goal of wind power is be considered.It is projected to save money and reduce the cost of power generation for the system.The model includes risk operating costs to account for the impact of wind power output variability on the system,as well as wind farm negative efficiency operating costs to account for the loss caused by wind abandonment.The model also employs carbon trading market metrics to achieve the goal of lowering system carbon emissions,and analyze the impact of different carbon trading prices on the system.A low-carbon economic dispatch model for the wind power market is implemented based on the following two goals.Finally,the solution is optimised using the Ant-lion optimisation method,which combines Levi's flight mechanism and golden sine.The proposed model and algorithm's rationality is proven through the use of cases.

Dynamic Economic Dispatch for Wind Power System Considering System Security and Spinning Reserve

In this paper, dynamic economic dispatch model is proposed for power systems with bulk wind power integration. The wind turbine generators are assumed to partially undertake the spinning reserve for the thermal generator. A double-layer optimization model is proposed. The outer layer use the differential evolution to search for the power output of thermal generators, and the inner layer use the primal-dual interior point method to solve the OPF of the established output state. Finally, the impact of spinning reserve with wind power on power system operating is validated.

Scenario-oriented hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm for robust economic dispatch of power system with wind power

An economic dispatch problem for power system with wind power is discussed.Using discrete scenario to describe uncertain wind powers,a threshold is given to identify bad scenario set.The bad-scenario-set robust economic dispatch model is established to minimize the total penalties on bad scenarios.A specialized hybrid particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is developed through hybridizing simulated annealing(SA)operators.The SA operators are performed according to a scenario-oriented adaptive search rule in a neighborhood which is constructed based on the unit commitment constraints.Finally,an experiment is conducted.The computational results show that the developed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms.

A Chance Constrained Optimal Reserve Scheduling Approach for Economic Dispatch Considering Wind Penetration

The volatile wind power generation brings a full spectrum of problems to power system operation and management, ranging from transient system frequency fluctuation to steady state supply and demand balancing issue. In this paper, a novel wind integrated power system day-ahead economic dispatch model, with the consideration of generation and reserve cost is modelled and investigated. The proposed problem is first formulated as a chance constrained stochastic nonlinear programming(CCSNLP), and then transformed into a deterministic nonlinear programming(NLP). To tackle this NLP problem, a three-stage framework consists of particle swarm optimization(PSO), sequential quadratic programming(SQP) and Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) is proposed. The PSO is employed to heuristically search the line power flow limits, which are used by the SQP as constraints to solve the NLP problem. Then the solution from SQP is verified on benchmark system by using MCS. Finally, the verified results are feedback to the PSO as fitness value to update the particles. Simulation study on IEEE30-bus system with wind power penetration is carried out, and the results demonstrate that the proposed dispatch model could be effectively solved by the proposed three-stage approach.

Economic Dispatch of Electrical Power System Based on the Multi-objective Co-evolutionary Algorithm

It is important to distribute the load efficiently to minimize the cost of the economic dispatch of electrical power system. The uncertainty and volatility of wind energy make the economic dispatch much more complex when the general power systems are combined with wind farms. The short term wind power prediction method was discussed in this paper. The method was based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). Furthermore,the effect of wind farms on the traditional economic dispatch of electrical power system was analyzed. The mathematical model of the economic dispatch was established considering the environmental factors and extra spinning reserve cost. The multi-objective co-evolutionary algorithm was used to figure out the model. And the results were compared with the NSGA-Ⅱ(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ) to verify its feasibility.

Risk-averse Robust Interval Economic Dispatch for Power Systems with Large-scale Wind Power Integration

This paper presents a robust interval economic dispatch(RIED)model for power systems with large-scale wind power integration.Differing from existing interval optimization(IO)approaches that merely rely on the upper and lower boundaries of random variables,the distribution information retained in the historical data is introduced to the IO method in this paper.Based on the available probability distribution function(PDF),wind power curtailment and load shedding are quantified as the operational risk and incorporated into the decision-making process.In this model,we need not rely on the forecasted value of wind power,which is randomly fluctuating and quite unpredictable.Furthermore,when the PDFs of wind power are taken into account,the resulting dispatch solution makes a good tradeoff between the generation cost and the operational risk.Finally,the RIED model yields an optimal dispatch solution for thermal units and the allowable intervals of wind power for the wind farms,which efficiently mitigates the uncertainty in wind power generation and provides more practical suggestions for system operators.Simulation studies are conducted on a modified IEEE-118 bus system and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed RIED model.

Distributionally Robust Economic Dispatch Using IDM for Integrated Electricity-heat-gas Microgrid Considering Wind Power

Multi-energy microgrids,such as integrated electricity-heat-gas microgrids(IEHS-MG),have been widely recognized as one of the most convenient ways to connect wind power(WP).However,the inherent intermittency and uncertainty of WP still render serious power curtailment in the operation.To this end,this paper presents an IEHS-MG model equipped with power-to-gas technology,thermal storage,electricity storage,and an electrical boiler for improving WP utilization efficiency.Moreover,a two-stage distributionally robust economic dispatch model is constructed for the IEHSMG,with the objective of minimizing total operational costs.The first stage determines the day-ahead decisions including on/off state and set-point decisions.The second stage adjusts the day-ahead decision according to real-time WP realization.Furthermore,WP uncertainty is characterized through an Imprecise Dirichlet model(IDM)based ambiguity set.Finally,Column-and-Constraints Generation method is utilized to solve the model,which provides a day-ahead economic dispatch strategy that immunizes against the worst-case WP distributions.Case studies demonstrate the presented IEHS-MG model outperforms traditional IEHS-MG model in terms of WP utilization and dispatch economics,and that distributionally robust optimization can handle uncertainty effectively.

A Bivariate Chance Constraint of Wind Sources for Multi-Objective Dispatching

The economic emission dispatch (EED) problem minimizes two competing objective functions, fuel cost and emission, while satisfying several equality and inequality constraints. Since the availability of wind power (WP) is highly dependent on the weather conditions, the inclusion of a significant amount of WP into EED will result in additional constraints to accommodate the intermittent nature of the output. In this paper, a new correlated bivariate Weibull probability distribution model is proposed to analytically remove the assumption that the total WP is characterized by a single random variable. This probability distribution is used as chance constraint. The inclusion of the probability distribution of stochastic WP in the EED problem is defined as the here-and-now strategy. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm built in MATLAB is used to handle the EED problem as a multi-objective optimization problem. A 69-bus ten-unit test system with non-smooth cost function is used to test the effectiveness of the proposed model.

含整体煤气化燃料电池-碳捕集电厂的风火储系统分布鲁棒调度方法

整体煤气化燃料电池(integrated gasification fuel cell,IGFC)是与碳捕集技术高度适配的清洁、高效、稳定的绿色煤电技术,有望克服传统碳捕集技术在低浓度CO_(2)环境下产生的高成本、高能耗问题。该文构建含IGFC碳捕集电厂的风火储发电系统。研究IGFC碳捕集电厂的运行机理,对IGFC内部各环节建立数学模型,提出工况匹配时燃烧利用率和阴极空气利用率需要满足的运行条件,并针对该型碳捕集电厂的电碳特性进行分析。为计及风电出力的不确定性,构建风火储系统的两阶段分布鲁棒经济调度模型,引入k阶适应性理论,提出基于正交支撑子集策略的求解方法来获得鲁棒对等式。最后,在改进IEEE-30节点系统中进行算例分析,结果表明,该型碳捕集电厂可利用阳极碳富集的优势,实现系统低碳经济调度的目标,并验证所提优化方法能为可行解提供可解释性。

Adjustable and distributionally robust chance-constrained economic dispatch considering wind power uncertainty

This paper proposes an adjustable and distributionally robust chance-constrained(ADRCC) optimal power flow(OPF) model for economic dispatch considering wind power forecasting uncertainty. The proposed ADRCC-OPF model is distributionally robust because the uncertainties of the wind power forecasting are represented only by their first-and second-order moments instead of a specific distribution assumption. The proposed model is adjustable because it is formulated as a second-order cone programming(SOCP) model with an adjustable coefficient.This coefficient can control the robustness of the chance constraints, which may be set up for the Gaussian distribution, symmetrically distributional robustness, or distributionally robust cases considering wind forecasting uncertainty. The conservativeness of the ADRCC-OPF model is analyzed and compared with the actual distribution data of wind forecasting error. The system operators can choose an appropriate adjustable coefficient to tradeoff between the economics and system security.

A Day-ahead Economic Dispatch Method Considering Extreme Scenarios Based on Wind Power Uncertainty

As the intermittency of wind power is a growing concern in the day-ahead economic dispatch,this paper proposes a day-ahead economic dispatch method considering extreme scenarios of wind power by using an uncertainty set.The uncertainty set inspired by robust optimization is used to describe wind power intermittency in this paper.Four extreme scenarios based on the uncertainty set are formulated to represent the worst cases of wind power fluctuation.An economic dispatch method considering the costs of both load shedding and wind curtailment is proposed.The economic dispatch model can be easily solved by a quadratic programming method owing to the introduction of four extreme scenarios and the uncertainty set of wind power.Simulation is done using the IEEE 30-bus system and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

考虑需求响应和风电不确定性的电网调度

风电不确定性对电力系统的影响日益增加,文中提出一种考虑需求响应的电网源荷网经济调度方法。根据需求价格弹性理论和消费者心理学原理构建价格型需求响应模型,基于灵活补偿激励型需求响应充分考虑两类需求响应互补特性,增加两类需求响应对系统的备用约束。引入通用概率分布描述风电出力特性,以期望成本量化风电不确定性惩罚成本,并将目标函数中的非线性变量线性化处理,采用混合整数线性规划问题对模型进行求解。仿真结果表明,所提模型能够有效降低负荷的峰谷差,提高风电的消纳能力。

Economic Dispatch with High Penetration of Wind Power Using Extreme Learning Machine Assisted Group Search Optimizer with Multiple Producers Considering Upside Potential and Downside Risk

The power system with high penetration of wind power is gradually formed,and it would be difficult to determine the optimal economic dispatch(ED)solution in such an environment with significant uncertainties.This paper proposes a multi-objective ED(MuOED)model,in which the expected generation cost(EGC),upside potential(USP),and downside risk(DSR)are simultaneously considered.The heterogeneous indices of upside potential and downside risk mean the potential economic gains and losses brought by high penetration of wind power,respectively.Then,the MuOED model is formulated as a tri-objective optimization problem,which is related to uncertain multi-criteria decision-making against uncertainties.Afterwards,the tri-objective optimization problem is solved by an extreme learning machine(ELM)assisted group search optimizer with multiple producers(GSOMP).Pareto solutions are obtained to reflect the trade-off among the expected generation cost,the upside potential,and the downside risk.And a fuzzy decision-making method is used to choose the final ED solution.Case studies based on the Midwestern US power system verify the effectiveness of the proposed MuOED model and the developed optimization algorithm.

计及数据中心和风电不确定性的微电网经济调度

风电机组并网容量占比的不断增大为电力系统风电消纳带来了巨大挑战。数据中心作为高灵活性电负荷,具有电网风电消纳巨大潜力。因此,提出一种计及数据中心和风电不确定性的微电网经济调度模型。首先,根据数据中心的分层结构建立信息层和电力层之间的耦合模型;其次,针对风电出力不确定性,搭建计及数据中心和风电不确定性的微电网经济调度模型;最后,基于对偶理论和两阶段鲁棒优化算法,将调度模型转化为鲁棒优化模型并采用列和约束生成算法(column and constraint generation,C&CG)和对偶理论进行求解。算例结果表明:数据中心参与微电网经济调度可有效降低运行成本,同时系统运营商按需求可灵活调整风电出力不确定性。

基于安全限定义的新能源电力系统区间经济调度模型及算法

大规模风电等新能源机组接入电网,其不确定性和波动性对电网的安全运行造成冲击。目前采用的鲁棒调度和区间调度无法同时考虑不确定性条件下系统功率平衡和全场景下线路潮流安全双重约束。为此,将风电出力视为区间数,考虑极端场景下的功率平衡约束和可转移、可削减柔性负荷的参与建立了计及风电不确定性和电力平衡的区间经济调度模型。为求解该模型,提出了基于安全限定义的区间经济调度算法,该算法采用优化场景法求解区间直流潮流得到安全限,进而通过安全限定义法将区间优化模型转化为确定性的二次规划模型求解。采用IEEE 118节点系统测试,结果表明了所提区间经济调度算法既能满足极端场景下的电力平衡需求,又能保证所有场景下线路传输功率的安全性,同时降低了调度成本,发挥了柔性负荷削峰填谷的作用,且风电出力较小或较大时通过削减负荷或弃风实现经济性,为新能源电力系统安全、经济运行提供技术支撑。

博弈论在含风电场电力系统经济调度中的应用

考虑到风电功率的波动性和不确定性,提出一种基于博弈理论的含风电场电力系统经济调度方法,确保电力系统的安全稳定运行。建立了含风电场的电力系统经济调度博弈模型,该模型以常规机组和风电机组作为博弈的双方,以各自发电功率作为博弈策略集,得到纳什均衡即发电成本最小的调度策略。以含风电场的IEEE 9节点系统为算例开展仿真,分析并验证模型和方法的可行性,结果表明该方法有利于风电并网消纳和降低发电成本,具有较好的适用性。

Optimal Trade-Off Between Regulation and Wind Curtailment in the Economic Dispatch Problem

Generator regulation and wind power curtailment are two conflicting ways to deal with the inaccurate prediction and volatility of wind power.This study focuses on planning the day-ahead schedule based on optimal trade-off between regulation of generators and wind curtailment.Compared to traditional economic dispatch methods,the proposed schedule is more robust and adaptive to multiple forecast scenarios instead of a single forecast scenario.The works of this paper are as follows:First,an economic dispatch problem based on multiple scenarios is formulated with the objective of minimizing both generator regulation and wind curtailment.Next,a forecast method for wind power scenarios is given.Finally,the proposed model is verified by comparing with other dispatch models that are based on single forecast scenario.The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with less wind curtailment,generator regulation,and operational cost.In addition,the penalty factors are set as parameters and the influences on the generators’regulation and wind curtailment are analyzed,providing the reference for system operators with different regulatory purposes.

Optimal reactive power dispatch of wind power plant cluster considering static voltage stability for low-carbon power system

The implementation of developing the wind power is an important way to achieve the low-carbon power system.However,the voltage stability issues caused by the random fluctuations of active power output and the irrational regulations of reactive power compensation equipment have become the prominent problems of the regions where large-scale wind power integrated.In view of these problems,this paper proposed an optimal reactive power dispatch(ORPD)strategy of wind power plants cluster(WPPC)considering static voltage stability for lowcarbon power system.The control model of the ORPD strategy was built according to the wind power prediction,the present operation information and the historical operation information.By utilizing the automatic voltage control capability of wind power plants and central substations,the ORPD strategy can achieve differentiated management between the discrete devices and the dynamic devices of the WPPC.Simulation results of an actual WPPC in North China show that the ORPD strategy can improve the voltage control performance of the pilot nodes and coordinate the operation between discrete devices and the dynamic devices,thus maintaining the static voltage stability as well.

基于风电-碳捕集电力系统的灵活性调峰策略

高比例风电并网增大了电力系统调峰负担,因此亟需提高电力系统调峰灵活性,助力新型电力系统低碳-零碳化的发展。分析碳捕集电厂优良的调峰性能及其用于调峰辅助服务的必要性,并论证碳捕集电厂低碳特性在碳交易中发挥的积极作用,由此提出碳捕集电厂灵活性调峰的运行策略,并阐述所提策略的低碳性与经济性。构建以电力系统综合成本最优为目标的风电-碳捕集调度模型,并基于此模型对比不同灵活运行方式下碳捕集电厂的低碳性能与经济效益。最后,在改进的IEEE 39节点系统中进行仿真,结果验证了所提模型可有效协调调峰资源,在满足电力系统调峰需求的同时降低系统的碳排水平与运行成本。

基于参数规划的含储能和风电电力系统低碳经济调度

为了实现“双碳”目标以及适应新能源快速发展的形势,基于参数规划及工程博弈论提出了一种含储能和风电电力系统的多目标低碳经济调度方法。以系统发电成本、碳排放量、储能寿命折损为目标构建多目标优化模型,采用系数约束法将模型转化为参数线性规划模型,求解参数规划模型可获得Pareto前沿的精确解析表达式,从而进一步构建工程博弈问题,精炼得到对多目标具有公平性的唯一Pareto最优解,为决策者提供参考。算例分析结果表明,所提调度方法能够充分兼顾各目标的优化程度,保证电力系统调度的环保性与经济性,可有效应用于新能源电力系统的低碳经济调度。