Investigating Load Regulation Characteristics of a Wind-PV-Coal Storage Multi-Power Generation System

There is a growing need to explore the potential of coal-fired power plants(CFPPs)to enhance the utilization rate of wind power(wind)and photovoltaic power(PV)in the green energy field.This study developed a load regulation model for a multi-power generation system comprising wind,PV,and coal energy storage using realworld data.The power supply process was divided into eight fundamental load regulation scenarios,elucidating the influence of each scenario on load regulation.Within the framework of the multi-power generation system with the wind(50 MW)and PV(50 MW)alongside a CFPP(330 MW),a lithium-iron phosphate energy storage system(LIPBESS)was integrated to improve the system’s load regulation flexibility.The energy storage operation strategy was formulated based on the charging and discharging priority of the LIPBESS for each basic scenario and the charging and discharging load calculation method of LIPBESS auxiliary regulation.Through optimization using the particle swarm algorithm,the optimal capacity of LIPBESS was determined to be within the 5.24-4.88 MWh range.From an economic perspective,the LIPBESS operating with CFPP as the regulating power source was 49.1% lower in capacity compared to the renewable energy-based storage mode.

Dynamic and Power Generation Features of A Wind-Wave Hybrid System Consisting of A Spar-Type Wind Turbine and An Annular Wave Energy Converter in Irregular Waves

Combining wave energy converters(WECs)with floating offshore wind turbines proves a potential strategy to achieve better use of marine renewable energy.The full coupling investigation on the dynamic and power generation features of the hybrid systems under operational sea states is necessary but limited by numerical simulation tools.Here an aero-hydro-servo-elastic coupling numerical tool is developed and applied to investigate the motion,mooring tension,and energy conversion performance of a hybrid system consisting of a spar-type floating wind turbine and an annular wave energy converter.Results show that the addition of the WEC has no significant negative effect on the dynamic performance of the platform and even enhances the rotational stability of the platform.For surge and pitch motion,the peak of the spectra is originated from the dominating wave component,whereas for the heave motion,the peak of the spectrum is the superposed effect of the dominating wave component and the resonance of the system.The addition of the annular WEC can slightly improve the wind power by making the rotor to be in a better position to face the incoming wind and provide considerable wave energy production,which can compensate for the downtime of the offshore wind.

Hybrid PV/Wind/Diesel Based Distributed Generation for an Off-Grid Rural Village in Afghanistan

Afghanistan has a tremendous resource potential of renewable energy especially solar and the wind. Therefore, utilization of these resources has a special rule for the remote areas where access to the electrical grid or secure power supply is a dream for most of the people. This paper presents a feasibility and usefulness of hybrid power generation based on PV/wind/diesel generator for an off-grid rural village that feeds the load at a rate of average 7.9 kWh/day with 1.32 kW peak load. GsT （geospatial toolkit） is used to obtain the solar and wind data of the site. Windographer software is used to analyze the wind resource data of the site. HOMER Pro software package is used to select the suitable and reliable hybrid generation system and calculate the optimal capacities and costs of the components. Through the study, it is found that this state of the art adaptation could provide vast opportunities for off-grid rural communities such as in Afghanistan where enough high penetration of renewable energy is available.

Implementation of FPGA Based Hybrid Power Generator for PV and Wind Grid Applications

This paper deals with implementation of Sinusoidal Pulse-Width-Modulation (SPWM) for a single-phase hybrid power filter generator for Photovoltaic (PV) and wind grid applications. Using policy iteration algorithm, an improved variable step-size perturbation and observation algorithm is contrived and it is implemented proficiently using a hard-ware description language (VHDL) (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language). Subsequently, the new generated grid source supplements the existing grid power in rural houses during its cut off or restricted supply period. The software is used for generating SPWM modulation integrated with a solar-power & wind power grid system which is implemented on the Spartan 3 FPGA. The proposed algorithm performs as a conventional controller in terms of tracking speed and mitigating fluctuation output power in steady state operation which is shown in the experimental results with a commercial PV array and HPW (Height Weight Proportional) show. Simulation results demonstrate the validity with load of the proposed algorithm.

The Hidden-Layers Topology Analysis of Deep Learning Models in Survey for Forecasting and Generation of the Wind Power and Photovoltaic Energy

As wind and photovoltaic energy become more prevalent,the optimization of power systems is becoming increasingly crucial.The current state of research in renewable generation and power forecasting technology,such as wind and photovoltaic power(PV),is described in this paper,with a focus on the ensemble sequential LSTMs approach with optimized hidden-layers topology for short-term multivariable wind power forecasting.The methods for forecasting wind power and PV production.The physical model,statistical learningmethod,andmachine learning approaches based on historical data are all evaluated for the forecasting of wind power and PV production.Moreover,the experiments demonstrated that cloud map identification has a significant impact on PV generation.With a focus on the impact of photovoltaic and wind power generation systems on power grid operation and its causes,this paper summarizes the classification of wind power and PV generation systems,as well as the benefits and drawbacks of PV systems and wind power forecasting methods based on various typologies and analysis methods.

Numerical Modeling and Technico-Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Energy Production System for Self-Consumption: Case of Rural Area in the Comoros

This study aims to provide electricity to a remote village in the Union of Comoros that has been affected by energy problems for over 40 years. The study uses a 50 kW diesel generator, a 10 kW wind turbine, 1500 kW photovoltaic solar panels, a converter, and storage batteries as the proposed sources. The main objective of this study is to conduct a detailed analysis and optimization of a hybrid diesel and renewable energy system to meet the electricity demand of a remote area village of 800 to 1500 inhabitants located in the north of Ngazidja Island in Comoros. The study uses the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) Pro to conduct simulations and optimize the analysis using meteorological data from Comoros. The results show that hybrid combination is more profitable in terms of margin on economic cost with a less expensive investment. With a diesel cost of $1/L, an average wind speed of 5.09 m/s and a solar irradiation value of 6.14 kWh/m2/day, the system works well with a proportion of renewable energy production of 99.44% with an emission quantity of 1311.407 kg/year. 99.2% of the production comes from renewable sources with an estimated energy surplus of 2,125,344 kWh/year with the cost of electricity (COE) estimated at $0.18/kWh, presenting a cost-effective alternative compared to current market rates. These results present better optimization of the used hybrid energy system, satisfying energy demand and reducing the environmental impact.

Experimental Study on a Modified Wind-Solar Hybrid System

Wind-solar hybrid systems are employed extensively due to certain advantages. However, two problems exist in their application: the PV modules operate at high temperatures, particularly during summer, and low wind power cannot be utilized. To solve these two problems, a novel hybrid system is designed based on PV/thermal systems, in which PV modules are cooled with fans driven by a wind turbine. This paper studies the practicability of the novel hybrid system. First, the electrical performance of the wind turbine is compared using a fan and battery load,respectively. Second, different types and numbers of fans are tested to obtain the largest air volume. Third, the height of the air duct on the back of the PV module is optimized and the cooling effect is studied. Results show that a 24 V DC fan is more appropriate for the novel system than a 12 V DC fan, as it provides a greater air volume, and with a switch wind speed of 3.0 m/s the power of PV module shows a maximum increase of 8.0%.

Optimal Sizing of Solar/Wind Hybrid Off-Grid Microgrids Using an Enhanced Genetic Algorithm

This paper presents a method for optimal sizing of an off-grid hybrid microgrid (MG) system in order to achieve a certain load demand. The hybrid MG is made of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system, wind turbine (TW) and energy storage system (ESS). The reliability of the MG system is modeled based on the loss of power supply probability (SPSP). For optimization, an enhanced Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to minimize the total cost of the system over a 20-year period, while satisfying some reliability and operation constraints. A case study addressing optimal sizing of an off-grid hybrid microgrid in Nigeria is discussed. The result is compared with results obtained from the Brute Force and standard GA methods.

Study Optimization of a Hybrid Solar-Wind System from an Individual in Ouagadougou

This work is a contribution to the study of hybrid systems for converting solar and wind energy into electricity in Burkina Faso. The approach consists of evaluating and analyzing the production of a wind turbine and a solar field in order to optimize the production of all the technologies. The results obtained made it possible to evaluate the operating performance of the installation and to show the complementarity between the two energy sources with regard to temporary and seasonal variations in resources. During nighttime periods or periods of low sunlight, the wind turbine is a good alternative to energy storage by batteries, the output of the wind turbine can be up to 853.76 W. It was also a question of proposing solutions for optimizing the hybrid system through the automation of the hybrid charge regulator. A minimum height of 30 m above the ground has been chosen as the optimum height for the wind turbine.

考虑风光出力动态相关性的场景生成方法

针对风光出力的不确定性问题提出一种利用混合Copula函数结合多元正态分布的风光出力场景生成方法。基于风电功率和光伏功率的历史数据建立风光出力的联合分布模型,进一步通过多元正态分布和协方差矩阵生成具有动态相关的风光出力联合分布序列;采用马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛抽样法生成风光出力场景的随机分布数,通过逆变换法得到相应的风光出力场景;对不同方法生成出力场景进行对比,分析动态相关下风光出力场景的拟合效果和耦合效应。结果验证所提方法的有效性,生成的出力场景能够较好地刻画风光单独出力和耦合出力时的不确定性。

大规模风/光互补制储氢关键技术研究现状与趋势

发展大规模风/光互补制储氢系统,对推进我国能源战略转型、实现节能减排和新能源高质量发展具有重要和深远的意义。当前风/光制氢相关研究以制氢技术为主,尚缺乏从核心装备、运行控制到安全保护多方位多角度的系统性梳理。首先概述了大规模风/光互补制氢技术国内外的发展情况;其次从关键技术发展角度对风/光互补制储氢系统结构、关键设备、运行控制、保护方式及安全监控5个方面进行了分析归纳。最后,展望了大规模风/光互补制储氢关键技术未来发展趋势,总结了未来有待深入研究的技术方向。

Frequency Control of Power System with Solar and Wind Power Stations by Using Frequency Band Control and Deadband Control of HVDC Interconnection Line

In recent years, environmental problems are becoming serious and renewable energy has attracted attention as their solutions. However, the electricity generation using the renewable energy has a demerit that the output becomes unstable because of intermittent characteristics, such as variations of wind speed or solar radiation intensity. Frequency fluctuations due to the installation of large scale wind farm (WF) and photovoltaics (PV) into the power system is a major concern. In order to solve the problem, this paper proposes two control methods using High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) interconnection line to suppress the frequency fluctuations due to large scale of WF and PV. Comparative analysis between these two control methods is presented in this paper. One proposed method is a frequency control using a notch filter, and the other is using a deadband. Validity of the proposed methods is verified through simulation analyses, which is performed on a multi-machine power system model.

考虑预报不确定性的水风光互补系统两阶段决策研究

【目的】水风光资源长期预报精度有限,如何应对风光出力和径流的不确定性是充分发挥多能源协同优势的关键,为此,提出考虑预报不确定性的水风光互补系统两阶段决策方法。【方法】将互补系统长期调度多阶段决策划分为包含面临时段和余留期的两阶段决策,通过余留期能量曲面表征余留期不同库容条件与未来风光出力及径流所能产生的发电效益;讨论不同预报水平下水风光资源预报信息的利用方式,提出余留期能量曲面确定方法,并分析预见期利用长度对互补系统效益的影响,确定最佳预见期利用长度;以基于调度图模拟的互补系统调度结果作为对照,评估不同预报水平下两阶段模型的适用性。【结果】选择雅砻江下游水风光互补系统进行实例研究,结果显示:(1)两阶段模型中基于径流序列映射模型的预报信息利用方式能较好地表征余留期效益;(2)随着两阶段决策模型预见期利用长度的增加,预见期的边际效应显著降低,互补系统最佳预见期利用长度为3个月;(3)与调度图相比,两阶段模型推迟水库蓄水和消落时机并加深消落程度,使得发电效益和出力可靠性在预报水平较高时整体高于调度图。【结论】结果表明:两阶段决策模型能够灵活结合多个预见期的预报信息,实现有限预报信息下的互补系统长期优化调度。

基于Copula理论的风光互补发电系统可靠性评估

提出应用Copula理论建立风电场、光伏电站出力联合概率分布模型的方法。该方法不仅考虑了风电场、光伏电站出力的随机性,并且计及两者出力的相关性。根据某风光互补电站的实测出力数据,采用非参数核密度估计法,估计风电场、光伏电站出力的概率分布。选取Kendall秩相关系数作为风电场、光伏电站出力的相关性测度。利用Frank Copula函数,计算风电场、光伏电站出力的联合概率分布。以RBTS标准测试系统作为算例,对风光互补发电系统进行可靠性评估,结果表明:建立的模型能够较好地描述风光互补发电系统出力的概率特性,且考虑相关性的可靠性评估更接近实际情况。

风光互补发电系统的优化设计Ⅱ匹配设计实例

根据风光互补发电系统优化设计的CAD方法编制了相应的匹配计算程序,并把该程序应用于一假定安装在香港横澜岛上的风光互补发电系统的优化设计。利用香港天文台提供的1989年全年每小时实测的太阳辐射、风速和温度数据以及全年负载用电分布等数据给出了满足两种供电可靠性要求即全年功率供给亏欠率LPSP分别等于0 1和0 01的优化了的系统配置。文章还比较并讨论了这两种优化的系统配置每小时、每日、每月和全年的性能表现。

风光互补发电系统的优化设计(I) CAD设计方法

给出了一整套利用CAD进行风光互补发电系统优化设计的方法。为了精确确定系统每小时的运行状态,采用了更精确地表征组件特性及评估实际获得的风光资源的数学模型。为了寻找出以最小设备投资成本满足用户用电要求的系统配置,首先在风力发电机容量固定不变的前提下,计算了与该容量风力发电机匹配的不同容量的PV方阵和蓄电池所组成的风/光/蓄组合的全年功率供给亏欠率LPSP,根据总的设备投资成本最小化的原则筛选出一组与该容量风力发电机对应的满足用户给定系统供电可靠性即LPSP值的风/光/蓄组合;然后通过改变风力发电机的容量,优选出多个与不同容量风力发电机对应的既能满足用户用电要求同时总的设备购置成本又是最低的风/光/蓄组合,比较它们的成本最终唯一确定出以最小投资成本满足用户用电要求的优化的系统配置。

风光储联合发电系统的建模及并网控制策略

针对间歇性能源并网出力波动以及不具备故障暂态电压支持能力特征,提出一种有效抑制功率波动且改善低电压穿越能力的风光储联合发电系统模型及其控制策略。风电和光伏系统均采用基于最大功率控制的双环控制策略,其外环采用功率控制内环应用电流控制;储能系统利用电压和频率设定值同母线测量值比较获得功率控制的参考值,经功率、电流环控制实现了抑制功率波动及支撑故障暂态电压。通过包含风光单独、风光互补以及风光储联合运行电力系统仿真计算说明了模型对电网的功率波动和暂态电压稳定性的贡献。仿真结果表明,本文提出的风光储联合发电系统模型及控制策略可有效平抑风光系统功率波动,保证了其低电压穿越的实现及电网安全稳定。

基于等可信容量的风光储电源优化配置方法

含风光储的发电系统容量优化问题中,所要考虑的不确定性不仅包括常规机组的随机停运,还包括风速和光照强度的随机变化对机组出力造成的波动。提出一种基于等可信容量的风光储容量优化配置方法,综合计及自然资源的随机波动和常规机组的随机停运影响,按照满足电力平衡的需求确定所需风光储发电系统的整体可信容量以及常规机组容量,通过蒙特卡罗仿真计算得到等可信容量所需的风光储机组组合,根据风光储容量优化配置模型,从上述组合集合中选出使全生命周期总投资成本最小的风、光、储容量配置。采用加入了风电和光伏发电后的某实际海岛算例验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。

风光互补独立供电系统的多目标优化设计

在风光互补独立供电系统的设计中,如何配置风力发电机、太阳能电池板和蓄电池,在满足负荷需求的前提下,使风能和太阳能资源得到充分利用,负荷的供电可靠性较高,而系统成本最小,这是一个多目标优化设计问题。本文首先建立了风力发电和光伏发电的天气模型,提出了衡量供电可靠性的失负荷概率LOLP、衡量清洁能源浪费的失能量概率LOEP和系统成本等指标,并采用蒙特卡罗仿真进行计算。为了求解这一多目标优化问题,本文提出了一种混沌自适应进化算法(CSEA),新算法的混沌初始种群算子提高了初代种群的多样性,分组选择策略保证了各代中一定数量的劣势个体能参与进化,自适应遗传算子增加了劣势个体的交叉和变异概率,从而避免算法早熟,增强了算法的全局搜索能力。算例表明,CSEA算法比传统单目标遗传算法的结果更加接近实际运行的Pareto优化前端,综合效果更优。另外,与纯光伏、纯风力发电方式比较发现,风光互补供电方式更为合理。可见,采用CSEA算法进行风光互补独立供电系统的优化设计,对于提高供电可靠性,降低成本,减少能源浪费具有非常重要的意义。

风光联合并网的无功控制策略

为了解决风力、光伏两种发电形式联合并网的无功控制问题,提出一种风光联合发电系统的无功控制策略。该控制策略能够兼顾地区电网的无功需求,根据电网调度指令进行无功调整。根据风电、光伏功率预测,估计风电系统和光伏系统的无功容量极限,按照等裕度的整定原则,确定风电系统和光伏系统的无功参考值。结合工程实例进行仿真分析,结果表明,提出的控制策略能够在风电系统和光伏系统各自的实际无功调节范围内满足电网的无功需求。