Effect of cross-wind on spatial vibration responses of train and track system

By taking cross-wind forces acting on trains into consideration, a dynamic analysis method of the cross-wind and high-speed train and slab track system was proposed on the basis of the analysis theory of spatial vibration of high-speed train and slab track system. The corresponding computer program was written by FORTRAN language. The dynamic responses of the high-speed train and slab track under cross-wind action were calculated. Meanwhile, the effects of the cross-wind on the dynamic responses of the system were also analyzed. The results show that the cross-wind has a significant influence on the lateral and vertical displacement responses of the car body, load reduction factor and overturning factor. For example, the maximum lateral displacement responses of the car body of the first trailer with and without cross-wind forces are 32.10 and 1.60 mm, respectively. The maximum vertical displacement responses of the car body of the first trailer with and without cross-wind forces are 6.60 and 3.29 mm, respectively. The maximum wheel load reduction factors of the first trailer with and without cross-wind forces are 0.43 and 0.22, respectively. The maximum overturning factors of the first trailer with and without cross-wind forces are 0.28 and 0.08, respectively. The cross-wind affects the derailment factor and lateral Sperling factor of the moving train to a certain extent. However, the lateral and vertical displacement responses of rails with the crnss-wind are almost the same as those without the cross-wind. The method presented and the corresponding computer program can be used to calculate the interaction between trains and track in cross-wind.

Wind-induced responses of super-large cooling towers

Traditional gust load factor(GLF)method,inertial wind load(IWL)method and tri-component method(LRC+IWL)cannot accurately analyze the wind-induced responses of super-large cooling towers,so the real combination formulas of fluctuating wind-induced responses and equivalent static wind loads(ESWLSs)were derived based on structural dynamics and random vibration theory.The consistent coupled method(CCM)was presented to compensate the coupled term between background and resonant response.Taking the super-large cooling tower(H=215 m)of nuclear power plant in Jiangxi Province,China,which is the highest and largest in China,as the example,based on modified equivalent beam-net design method,the aero-elastic model for simultaneous pressure and vibration measurement of super-large cooling tower is firstly carried out.Then,combining wind tunnel test and CCM,the effects of self-excited force on the surface pressures and wind-induced responses are discussed,and the wind-induced response characteristics of background component,resonant component,coupled term between background and resonant response,fluctuating responses,and wind vibration coefficients are discussed.It can be concluded that wind-induced response mechanism must be understood to direct the wind resistant design for super-large cooling towers.

Nonlinear Modeling and Identification of Structural Joint by Response Control Vibration Test

Components of mechanical product are assembled by structural joints,such as bolting,riveting,welding,etc.Structural joints introduce nonlinearity to some engineering structures,and the nonlinearity need to be modeled precisely.To meet serious quality requirements,it is necessary to detect and identify nonlinearity of mechanical products for structural optimization.Modal test to acquire a dynamic response has been applied for decades,which provides reliable results for finite element(FE)model updating.Here response control vibration test for identification of nonlinearity is presented.A nonlinear system can be regarded as linearity for particular steady state response,and classical linear analysis tool is applicable to extract modal data for particular response.First,its applicability is illustrated by some numerical simulations.Subsequently,it is implemented on experimental setup with structural joints by shaking table.The stiffness and damping function dependent of relative displacement are fitted to describe its inherent nonlinearity.The spring and damping forces are identified by harmonic balance method(HBM)to predict output response.Based on the identified results,the procedure is recommended that it allows a reliable measurement of nonlinearity with a certain accuracy.

Wind-induced vibration of single-layer reticulated shell structures

Aiming at the dynamic response of reticulated shell structures under wind load,systematic parameter analyses on wind-induced responses of Kiewitt6-6 type single-layer spherical reticulated shell structures and three-way grid single-layer cylindrical reticulated shell structures were performed with the random simulation method in time domain,including geometric parameters,structural parameters and aerodynamic parameters.Moreover,a wind-induced vibration coefficient was obtained,which can be a reference to the wind-resistance design of reticulated shell structures.The results indicate that the geometric parameters are the most important factor influencing wind-induced responses of the reticulated shell structures;the wind-induced vibration coeffi-cient is 3.0-3.2 for the spherical reticulated shell structures and that is 2.8-3.0 for the cylindrical reticula-ted shell structures,which shows that the wind-induced vibration coefficients of these two kinds of space frames are well-proportioned.

Effects of topography on dynamic responses of single piles under vertical cyclic loading

This paper describes model tests of single piles subjected to vertical cyclic compressive loading for three kinds of topography: sloping ground, level ground, and inclined bedrock. Comprehensive dynamic responses involving cyclic effects and vibration behaviours are studied under various load combinations of dynamic amplitude, mean load,frequency and number of cycles. Test results show that permanent settlement can generally be predicted with a quadratic function or power function of cycles.Sloping ground topography produces more pronounced settlement than level ground under the same load condition. For vibration behaviour,displacement amplitude is weakly affected by the number of cycles, while load amplitude significantly influences dynamic responses. Test results also reveal that increasing load amplitude intensifies nonlinearity and topography effects. The strain distribution in a pile and soil stress at the pile tip are displayed to investigate the vibration mechanism accounting for sloping ground effects. Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics among three kinds of topography in the elastic stage are studied using a three-dimensional finite method. Numerical results are validated by comparing with experimental results for base inclination topography. An inclined soil profile boundary causes non-axisymmetric resultant deformation, though a small difference in vertical displacement is observed.

A More Precise Computation of Along Wind Dynamic Response Analysis for Tall Buildings Built in Urban Areas

Modern tall buildings are generally built in urban areas, where value of the terrain roughness length is much greater than that of the general terrain areas, therefore wind-induced vibrations become more pronounced. The present formulas of numerical analysis of wind-induced response become less accurate. A more accurate expression of along-wind load spectrum matrix is proposed. On the basis of the expression, structural analysis formula of along-wind displacement and acceleration response are developed and programmed. The rationality of these formulas are illustrated in examples.

透平叶片全域动应变-叶尖振动映射方法研究

针对高速旋转叶片振动导致的叶片裂纹甚至断裂而影响设备运行安全的问题,研究了叶片全域动应变与叶尖振动幅值的映射关系,提出一种透平叶片弯曲及扭转共振下叶片动应变非接触式测试方法,可实现基于叶尖振动幅值的叶片动应变反演,为叶片疲劳寿命预测奠定基础。首先,以某透平叶片为对象,对叶片进行模态分析获取全域应变和幅值比,进行叶尖振动测量点的优化;其次,运用振动台对叶片进行振动激励试验,获得叶片1阶、2阶共振下模态频率和应变-位移响应比,并对有限元分析模型进行修正。研究结果表明,所提出的叶片动应变测试应变-位移相对误差小于10%,频率误差小于1%,证明了叶片动应变测试方法的有效性。

LVB4361大型振动筛动态特性及试验模态研究

为确定大型振动筛的振动参数并验证其合理性,文章以LVB4361大型振动筛的筛箱为研究对象,通过有限元分析方法对其筛箱进行了静态、模态和谐响应分析,并应用高精度DH5922D动态信号测试分析系统对LVB4361大型振动筛的固有频率和主振型进行了现场测试。有限元分析表明:LVB4361型振动筛第8阶模态对应的固有频率为16.4Hz,与工作频率(15Hz)最为相近,二者相差9.3%,满足使用要求;第7—10阶模态对应的筛箱固有频率与工作频率较为相近,其中第7—8阶模态的振型为出料端和入料端的左右摆动,第9阶模态的振型为筛箱出料端加强梁的局部摆动,第10阶模态的振型为筛箱出料端和入料端的扭转振动;当工作频率为15Hz时,筛箱整体应力分布较均匀,高应力区主要分布在从前端数第四根横梁、第四根横梁与侧板连接处的端部,最大值为57MPa,动应力安全系数为5.42,满足振动筛许用动应力要求;筛箱位移最大为10.22mm,满足筛箱工作时对振幅的要求;大型振动筛的振动参数整体设计合理。现场测试表明:测试得到的第3阶模态的固有频率为16.362 Hz,与筛箱工作频率15 Hz相差9.08%,可避免共振;各项测试结果与有限元分析结果类似,验证了有限元法模态分析的准确性,进一步说明该大型振动筛的振动参数设计合理。有限元分析和现场测试技术的应用可有效地明确筛机振动参数及其合理性,为大型振动筛的设计可靠性提供了技术依据。

放大工装及响应谱控制在振动试验中的应用

某安装于飞机作动筒内的传感器振动量值约为130 g,超过了振动台额定量级。文章灵活利用振动工装的传递特性,设计了具有放大作用的工装,使振动台的输出量级放大并传递给试验件,以达到振动台低输出而试验件高量级振动的理想效果。然后,搭建了振动试验系统,运用加速度响应控制方法成功完成了位移传感器高量值持续14 h的振动耐久环境试验。仿真与试验结果表明:该工装的设计达到既定的放大设计要求。

Statistical extremes and peak factors in wind-induced vibration of tall buildings

In the structural design of tall buildings, peak factors have been widely used to predict mean extreme responses of tall buildings under wind excitations. Vanmarcke＇s peak factor is directly related to an explicit measure of structural reliability against a Gaussian response process. We review the use of this factor for time-variant reliability design by comparing it to the conven- tional Davenport＇s peak factor. Based on the asymptotic theory of statistical extremes, a new closed-form peak factor, the so-called Gamma peak factor, can be obtained for a non-Gaussian resultant response characterized by a Rayleigh distribution process. Using the Gamma peak factor, a combined peak factor method was developed for predicting the expected maximum resultant responses of a building undergoing lateral-torsional vibration. The effects of the standard deviation ratio of two sway components and the inter-component correlation on the evaluation of peak resultant response were also investigated. Utilizing wind tunnel data derived from synchronous multi-pressure measurements, we carried out a wind-induced time history response analysis of the Common- wealth Advisory Aeronautical Research Council （CAARC） standard tall building to validate the applicability of the Gamma peak factor to the prediction of the peak resultant acceleration. Results from the building example indicated that the use of the Gamma peak factor enables accurate predictions to be made of the mean extreme resultant acceleration responses for dynamic service- ability performance design of modem tall buildings.

Wind Pressure Distribution and Wind-induced Dynamic Response for Spatial Groined Latticed Vaults

The wind pressure distribution and wind-induced vibration responses of long-span spatial groined latticed vaults （SGLVs） were numerically simulated, which always are ones of the most important problems in the structural wind resistance design. Incompressible visco-fluid model was introduced, and the standard k - two equation model and semi-implicit method for pressure linked equation （SIMPLE） were used to describe the flow turbulence. Furthermore, the structural dynamic equation was set up, which is solved by Newmark-fl method. And several sort of wind-induced vibration coefficients such as the wind-induced vibration coefficient corresponding to the nodal displacement responses and wind loads were suggested. In the numerical simulation where the SGLV consisting of the cylindrical sectors with different curved surface was chosen as the example, the influence on the relative wind pressure distribution and structural wind-induced vibration responses of the closed or open SGLV caused by such parameters as the number of cylindrical sectors, structural curvature and the ratio of rise to span was investigated. Finally, some useful conclusions on the local wind pressure distribution on the structural surface and the wind-induced vibration coefficients of SGLV were developed.

Wind-induced vibration control of Hefei TV tower with fluid viscous damper

The Hefei TV tower is taken as an analytical case to examine the control method with a fluid viscous damper under wind load fluctuation.Firstly,according to the random vibration theory,the effect of fluctuating wind on the tower can be modeled as a 19-dimensional correlated random process,and the wind-induced vibration analysis of the tower subjected to dynamic wind load was further obtained.On the basis of the others'works,a bi-model dynamic model is proposed.Finally,a dynamic model is proposed to study the wind-induced vibration control analysis using viscous fluid dampers,and the optimal damping coefficient is obtained regarding the wind-induced response of the upper turret as optimization objectives.Analysis results show that the maximum peak response of the tower under dynamic wind load is far beyond the allowable range of the code.The wind-induced responses and the wind vibration input energy of the tower are decreased greatly by using a fluid viscous damper,and the peak acceleration responses of the upper turret is reduced by 43.4%.

基于嵌套网格方法的悬跨海缆涡激振动特性仿真

由于海流的长期冲蚀作用,埋设于海床表层的海底电缆容易形成悬空长度、悬空高度随时间逐渐开展的悬空段。当海缆悬空长度达到一定值时,海缆后方旋涡的脱落频率将与海缆的自振频率接近,发生频率锁定现象,处于锁定状态下的海缆振幅较大,极易引发铅护套的疲劳破损,因此考虑横流向和顺流向的耦合作用,建立了二维弹簧-阻尼涡振模型,并采用基于嵌套网格的切片法对不同参数影响下的悬跨海缆涡激振动响应进行仿真。结果表明:不同长度下海缆跨中节点的运动轨迹多呈“8”字形,同一约化速度下,海底电缆涡激振动横流向位移远大于顺流向振幅,但海缆在横流向的振动频率接近顺流向振动频率的2倍。海缆横流向最大振幅与海缆直径接近,端部约束方式和悬空长度主要影响海缆进入锁定区间的最小流速,对2个方向的最大振幅的影响较小。

下穿高速铁路地铁列车振动对高速铁路的影响分析

依托北京地铁19号线草桥站—右安门外站区间下穿京沪高速铁路工程,借助FLAC3D软件研究了地铁运营振动对上跨高速铁路线路及相关设施位移的影响,结果表明:(1)在该工程影响范围内的8处硬横跨接触网杆,支柱横线路面偏差最大为0.016°,支柱倾斜率最大为0.028‰,接触网立柱沉降最大值为1.9 mm,差异沉降最大值为0.3 mm;(2)对于6处悬挑式接触网杆、2处矩形横腹板柱、1处信号灯及1处电线杆,支柱横线路面偏差最大为0.010°,支柱倾斜率最大为0.018‰,接触网立柱沉降最大值为2.1 mm;(3)上跨高速铁路线路最大沉降为1.61 mm;(4)上跨高速铁路线路及相关设施位移均小于控制标准。研究结果可为类似下穿工程提供参考。

深海立管顺流与横流耦合涡激振动中的内流效应分析

深海立管因长径比大幅增加导致柔性增强、内流效应凸显,其在顺流和横流耦合涡激振动中的内流效应尚未得到很好理解。采用半经验时域涡激振动水动力模型,建立深海立管在均匀洋流下的横向和纵向耦合振动方程,并利用有限元法求解,探究不同内流速度、内流密度和洋流下立管在顺流和横流耦合涡激振动中的内流效应。研究发现,当洋流速度和内流密度一定时:①内流效应可使系统固有频率降低,因此随着内流速度增加,顺流和横流涡激主导频率可能脱离激励区,主导模态转移到高阶,同时主导频率发生阶跃增加;②立管横向位移均方根最大值是增加还是减少取决于横向涡激主导频率是接近还是远离涡脱频率;③当横流向涡激振动主导模态不变时,由于内流效应可以降低系统刚度,顺流向的静态位移随着内流速度的增加而逐步增加,当横流向主导模态转移至高阶时,顺流向的拖曳力系数会发生突然减少导致静态位移呈现阶跃性下降;④内流效应对顺流向振动有着不可忽略的影响。立管顺流向振动响应是内流效应、拖曳力(受横流向涡激响应影响)和顺流向涡激流体力联合作用的结果。

杆塔基础沉降对输电塔线体系风振响应的影响研究

输电塔是高柔度的风敏感结构,若输电塔地基不均匀沉降后再遭遇台风侵袭将对输电塔安全性造成严重危害。为评估地基沉降对输电塔抗风能力的影响,建立了输电塔线体系耦合有限元模型,对比分析了台风作用下不同地基倾斜角度下输电塔线体系风振响应、风振系数和主材应力变化规律。研究表明:相同的倾斜角度下,横线向倾斜较顺线向倾斜风振响应均方根值增加明显,最大增幅为40%;地基沉降所导致的结构倾斜,会导致风振系数超过规范值,最不利情况会导致风振系数超过规范值9.6%;压应力变化规律与风振系数变化规律一致,倾斜5°工况下压应力增加最大,较未倾斜时塔腿压应力增加了16.1%。研究成果对台风多发地区输电塔抗风评估及安全运行具有重要的参考价值。

硅藻土地层隧道基底钢管桩加固前后结构动力响应

依托飞凤山隧道工程,采用数值模拟方法研究了列车动荷载作用下硅藻土地层隧道基底微型钢管桩加固前后的动力响应特性,并引用经验公式预测了隧道长期沉降。结果表明:基底加固前后,列车动荷载作用下隧道结构振动加速度响应峰值均依次为仰拱>墙脚>拱顶>拱肩>边墙,动位移响应峰值均依次为仰拱>墙脚>边墙>拱肩>拱顶;采用钢管桩加固后,隧道结构振动加速度和动位移响应程度都得到明显控制,仰拱处的振动加速度响应峰值和动位移响应峰值分别减小了14.46%和30.58%;硅藻土地层隧道车致长期沉降主要发生在运营期前两年,钢管桩加固基底可有效减少隧道长期沉降。

频域子结构方法再推导及环境预示应用研究

目的 利用频域子结构方法实现复杂结构系统随机振动环境的高效准确预示。方法 基于Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury公式,对考虑弹性连接的频域子结构方法进行重新推导,解决现有方法应用场景受弹性连接系统位移阻抗矩阵奇异性限制的问题。进一步,通过推导复杂结构系统的位移频响函数与加速度传递函数之间的转换关系,形成基于频域子结构方法的随机振动环境预示方法。结果 设计了“模拟实验室随机振动试验”的仿真算例,并分别利用有限元软件和文中方法对仿真算例的随机振动环境进行了仿真预示和计算预示,2种方法的预示结果一致。结论 提出了一种基于频域子结构方法的随机振动环境预示方法,为复杂结构系统的环境预示提供了一种新思路。

特高压换流变压器响应谱法抗震仿真计算

特高压换流变压器的抗震性能及最佳算法是困扰变压器行业的重要问题,常规抗震计算静力法虽然简单省时但在模拟实际地震过程上差别较大,因此换流变的抗震响应谱法仿真分析具有重要意义。本文采用AC1050kV/DC400kV换流变,基于IEEE-693抗震标准,建立了特高压换流变的抗震仿真三维模型,在Creo-simulation平台上进行抗震响应谱仿真分析,然后合成三坐标方向的仿真结果 ,最终获得了换流变的振型和在地震作用下的应力分布和位移,其结果为换流变与基础固定的地脚螺栓设计提供了数据支撑,指明了换流变特别是套管升高座部分的基频位于卓越频率范围之内容易引起共振,为换流变的外部结构设计(如油箱,升高座,储油柜支撑,冷却器支撑)提供数值计算结果以便做进一步的结构改进,计算了阀侧套管顶部的最大位移为相关配合设计提供参考。

海洋平台垂荡作用下立管的非线性涡激振动特性研究

立管是海洋工程中常用的一种典型细长体结构物,研究立管在海洋平台垂荡和内外流体共同作用下的非线性动力学特性具有重要的学术意义和应用价值。本文采用Hamilton原理和Galerkin方法建立了顶张力立管的二维非线性动力学模型,将平台垂荡运动模拟为随时间变化的顶端张力,研究海洋平台运动和立管非线性涡激振动的耦合位移响应。研究结果显示,增加顶张力可以改变结构的固有频率,在可变张力作用下,立管的位移响应在相邻模态之间可以相互转换。通过与已有实验数据进行对比,验证了本文分析方法和数值计算结果的合理性。本文研究结果可为海洋立管的非线性涡激振动分析提供理论参考。