This study unfolds an innovative approach aiming to address the critical role of building design in global energy consumption, focusing on optimizing the Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR), since buildings account for approxi...This study unfolds an innovative approach aiming to address the critical role of building design in global energy consumption, focusing on optimizing the Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR), since buildings account for approximately 30% of total energy consumed worldwide. The greatest contributors to energy expenditure in buildings are internal artificial lighting and heating and cooling systems. The WWR, determined by the proportion of the building’s glazed area to its wall area, is a significant factor influencing energy efficiency and minimizing energy load. This study introduces the development of a semi-automated computer model designed to offer a real-time, interactive simulation environment, fostering improving communication and engagement between designers and owners. The said model serves to optimize both the WWR and building orientation to align with occupants’ needs and expectations, subsequently reducing annual energy consumption and enhancing the overall building energy performance. The integrated model incorporates Building Information Modeling (BIM), Virtual Reality (VR), and Energy Analysis tools deployed at the conceptual design stage, allowing for the amalgamation of owners’ inputs in the design process and facilitating the creation of more realistic and effective design strategies.展开更多
W indows传输驱动程序接口(Transport D river Interface,TD I)技术是实现分布式防火墙的主要技术之一。由于W indows系统不是一个开放系统,因此在TD I上实现封包截获的驱动程序存在较大困难。研究了W indows的TD I技术,包括输入输出请...W indows传输驱动程序接口(Transport D river Interface,TD I)技术是实现分布式防火墙的主要技术之一。由于W indows系统不是一个开放系统,因此在TD I上实现封包截获的驱动程序存在较大困难。研究了W indows的TD I技术,包括输入输出请求包的结构和处理过程、几种重要的内核模式驱动对象及它们之间的联系,介绍了如何在TD I上设计驱动程序及其调试方法。在设计基于W in-dows平台的分布式防火墙系统中,采用TD I技术实现了数据包的截获,为今后对数据包进行分析、过滤和加解密打下了基础。展开更多
The Kulu\|Rampur and Larji windows in the western Himalaya make a window in window structure in the Lesser Himalaya between the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Main Central Thrust (MCT). The former constituted of late ...The Kulu\|Rampur and Larji windows in the western Himalaya make a window in window structure in the Lesser Himalaya between the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Main Central Thrust (MCT). The former constituted of late Archean Rampur Group with middle Proterozoic intrusive Bandal Granite Complex has been thrusted on to the younger Larji Group (Riphean) along a splay thrust making the latter a window in window structure. Both the sequences have recorded multiple deformation during the Himalayan orogeny. Five sets of Himalayan structures have been recognised. The first deformation event (D 1) was responsible for large isoclinal, (recumbent) folds (F 1) which are older than the onset of Himalayan thrusting. Presently, the Rampur Group constitutes the antiform and the Larji Group occupies a synformal position of F 1 folds. The parautochthons of the window zone has been covered by the Chail and Jutogh nappes along the Chail and Jutogh thrusts during D 2. Thrusting was followed by F 3 folding during D 3 deformation. This fold can be recognised in form of Rampur Antiform and corresponding Nirath\|Pandoh Synform with NW—SE axial trend. The Chail and Jutogh nappes are folded along with the parautochthonous rocks of window zone by this folding event. The out\|of\|sequence imbrication and the splay thrusts in the hanging wall of the MBT were initiated during D 3. The F 3 are overprinted by cross folding (F 4) of D 4 deformation, which is responsible for the doubly plunging character of the window zones. Cross folding was followed by D 5 extensional faulting and collapse of the hanging wall in out\|of\|sequence shear zones. The D 5 extensional fabrics are attributed to gravity collapse in the hanging wall of the MBT.展开更多
文摘This study unfolds an innovative approach aiming to address the critical role of building design in global energy consumption, focusing on optimizing the Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR), since buildings account for approximately 30% of total energy consumed worldwide. The greatest contributors to energy expenditure in buildings are internal artificial lighting and heating and cooling systems. The WWR, determined by the proportion of the building’s glazed area to its wall area, is a significant factor influencing energy efficiency and minimizing energy load. This study introduces the development of a semi-automated computer model designed to offer a real-time, interactive simulation environment, fostering improving communication and engagement between designers and owners. The said model serves to optimize both the WWR and building orientation to align with occupants’ needs and expectations, subsequently reducing annual energy consumption and enhancing the overall building energy performance. The integrated model incorporates Building Information Modeling (BIM), Virtual Reality (VR), and Energy Analysis tools deployed at the conceptual design stage, allowing for the amalgamation of owners’ inputs in the design process and facilitating the creation of more realistic and effective design strategies.
文摘The Kulu\|Rampur and Larji windows in the western Himalaya make a window in window structure in the Lesser Himalaya between the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Main Central Thrust (MCT). The former constituted of late Archean Rampur Group with middle Proterozoic intrusive Bandal Granite Complex has been thrusted on to the younger Larji Group (Riphean) along a splay thrust making the latter a window in window structure. Both the sequences have recorded multiple deformation during the Himalayan orogeny. Five sets of Himalayan structures have been recognised. The first deformation event (D 1) was responsible for large isoclinal, (recumbent) folds (F 1) which are older than the onset of Himalayan thrusting. Presently, the Rampur Group constitutes the antiform and the Larji Group occupies a synformal position of F 1 folds. The parautochthons of the window zone has been covered by the Chail and Jutogh nappes along the Chail and Jutogh thrusts during D 2. Thrusting was followed by F 3 folding during D 3 deformation. This fold can be recognised in form of Rampur Antiform and corresponding Nirath\|Pandoh Synform with NW—SE axial trend. The Chail and Jutogh nappes are folded along with the parautochthonous rocks of window zone by this folding event. The out\|of\|sequence imbrication and the splay thrusts in the hanging wall of the MBT were initiated during D 3. The F 3 are overprinted by cross folding (F 4) of D 4 deformation, which is responsible for the doubly plunging character of the window zones. Cross folding was followed by D 5 extensional faulting and collapse of the hanging wall in out\|of\|sequence shear zones. The D 5 extensional fabrics are attributed to gravity collapse in the hanging wall of the MBT.
