The eastern foothills of Helan Mountain are a production area of high-quality wine grapes,but the low content of water-soluble calcium in the alkaline soil in this area has become an important limiting factor for the ...The eastern foothills of Helan Mountain are a production area of high-quality wine grapes,but the low content of water-soluble calcium in the alkaline soil in this area has become an important limiting factor for the production of high-end wines.In this study,7-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon grapes grown at Lilan Winery,which is located at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia,China,were used to examine the effect of exogenous calcium supplementation on fruit growth and berry quality.Calcium sugar alcohol was applied as a foliar spray at 1.2 L/hm^(2)(T1),2.4 L/hm^(2)(T2),3.6 L/hm^(2)(T3),4.8 L/hm^(2)(T4),and 6.0 L/hm^(2)(T5)concentrations at the fruit expansion stage,the early stage of grape veraison,the middle stage of grape veraison,and the later stage of grape veraison.Water control was used for comparison.The results showed that foliar calcium supplementation can significantly enhance the photosynthetic characteristics of wine grape leaves,increase the chlorophyll content of leaves,and improve the quality of grape berries.Under the T3(3.6 L/hm^(2))concentration of exogenous calcium,the transverse diameter,the longitudinal diameter,and fruit shape index of grapes were the highest,which were increased by 1.71%,5.33%,and 3.92%compared to the control,respectively.The application of high calcium concentrations(T4 and T5)inhibited the physiological development of grapes.The spike length,hundred-grain weight,yield of wine grapes,sugar-acid ratio,tannin,and total phenols were the highest in the T2(2.4 L/hm^(2))treatment.The results of principal component analysis based on multiple indicators showed that foliar application of 2.4-3.6 L/hm^(2)chelated sugar alcohol calcium on the leaf surfaces of grape leaves was the most suitable for improving the physiological characteristics and berry quality of wine grapes.展开更多
Effect of various counterions of tartrate on the crystallization of calcium oxalate in gel system was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Various tartrates with hydrogen (H2tart), ...Effect of various counterions of tartrate on the crystallization of calcium oxalate in gel system was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Various tartrates with hydrogen (H2tart), sodium (Na2tart), potassium (K2tart), ammonium ((NH4)2tart), and a mixture of sodium and potassium cations (NaKtart) were considered. For H2tart, Na2tart, and (NH4)2tart, calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) was induced. However, for K2tart and NaKtart, calcium oxalate trihydrate (COT) was obtained.展开更多
Crystallization of calcium oxalate（CaOxa） was investigated in the presence of magnesium tartrate（Mgtart） with different concentrations in gel system by a double diffusion technique.The phase composition and morpho...Crystallization of calcium oxalate（CaOxa） was investigated in the presence of magnesium tartrate（Mgtart） with different concentrations in gel system by a double diffusion technique.The phase composition and morphology of the crystals were determined by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）.In the presence of Mgtart with a low concentration（0.02 mol/L）,calcium oxalate monohydrate（COM） is the dominant crystal phase.The mass fraction of calcium oxalate dihydrate（COD） was about 12% and no calcium oxalate trihydrate（COT） was observed.When the concentration of Mgtart increased to 0.06 mol/L,the mass fraction of COT was increased to 33%,and that of COM decreased to 55%,but the mass fraction of COD changed less in the studied concentration range.The inhibitive capacity of Mgtart was stronger than that of either MgCl2,or H2tart,or a mixture of MgCl2 and H2tart.This indicates that not only Mgtart may be used to cure and prevent CaOxa stones,but also may had a stronger capacity than MgCl2 or H2tart or a mixture of MgCl2 and H2tart.展开更多
目的观察复合振动仪治疗骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)对骨代谢的影响。方法70例骨质疏松志愿者随机分成复合振动组(whole body compound vibration training group)35例和对照组(control group)35例,复合振动组采用自行研制的复合振动仪...目的观察复合振动仪治疗骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)对骨代谢的影响。方法70例骨质疏松志愿者随机分成复合振动组(whole body compound vibration training group)35例和对照组(control group)35例,复合振动组采用自行研制的复合振动仪进行全身振动治疗,振动频率45～55Hz,振动强度0.5～0.8g,30min/次,1次/隔天,连续6个月,对照组不进行任何干预,于试验第0、1、3、6个月分别检测复合振动组和对照组碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、骨钙素(osteocalcin,OC)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase,TRAP)、钙磷乘积(calcium-phosphorus product,[Ca]×[P])的变化。结果第3、6个月,ALP、OC、TRAP、[Ca]×[P]的P分别为0.003、0.686;0.768、0.618;0.817、0.855;0.077、0.001。ALP早期呈上升的趋势,到第3个月形成一个峰值,然后呈下降趋势,[Ca]×[P]呈不断上升的趋势,OC、TRAP无明显变化趋势。结论复合振动可促进骨组织钙化、促进钙和磷以骨盐形式沉积于骨组织;连续治疗可能使人体产生耐受,降低复合振动的治疗效应,采取短时、间断的加载方式可能更有利于促进复合振动的成骨效果。展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2019YFD1002500)Ningxia Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2020AAC02011).
文摘The eastern foothills of Helan Mountain are a production area of high-quality wine grapes,but the low content of water-soluble calcium in the alkaline soil in this area has become an important limiting factor for the production of high-end wines.In this study,7-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon grapes grown at Lilan Winery,which is located at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia,China,were used to examine the effect of exogenous calcium supplementation on fruit growth and berry quality.Calcium sugar alcohol was applied as a foliar spray at 1.2 L/hm^(2)(T1),2.4 L/hm^(2)(T2),3.6 L/hm^(2)(T3),4.8 L/hm^(2)(T4),and 6.0 L/hm^(2)(T5)concentrations at the fruit expansion stage,the early stage of grape veraison,the middle stage of grape veraison,and the later stage of grape veraison.Water control was used for comparison.The results showed that foliar calcium supplementation can significantly enhance the photosynthetic characteristics of wine grape leaves,increase the chlorophyll content of leaves,and improve the quality of grape berries.Under the T3(3.6 L/hm^(2))concentration of exogenous calcium,the transverse diameter,the longitudinal diameter,and fruit shape index of grapes were the highest,which were increased by 1.71%,5.33%,and 3.92%compared to the control,respectively.The application of high calcium concentrations(T4 and T5)inhibited the physiological development of grapes.The spike length,hundred-grain weight,yield of wine grapes,sugar-acid ratio,tannin,and total phenols were the highest in the T2(2.4 L/hm^(2))treatment.The results of principal component analysis based on multiple indicators showed that foliar application of 2.4-3.6 L/hm^(2)chelated sugar alcohol calcium on the leaf surfaces of grape leaves was the most suitable for improving the physiological characteristics and berry quality of wine grapes.
基金granted by the Key Project of Guangdong Province(013202,C31401)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of China(20031010)
文摘Effect of various counterions of tartrate on the crystallization of calcium oxalate in gel system was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Various tartrates with hydrogen (H2tart), sodium (Na2tart), potassium (K2tart), ammonium ((NH4)2tart), and a mixture of sodium and potassium cations (NaKtart) were considered. For H2tart, Na2tart, and (NH4)2tart, calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) was induced. However, for K2tart and NaKtart, calcium oxalate trihydrate (COT) was obtained.
文摘Crystallization of calcium oxalate（CaOxa） was investigated in the presence of magnesium tartrate（Mgtart） with different concentrations in gel system by a double diffusion technique.The phase composition and morphology of the crystals were determined by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）.In the presence of Mgtart with a low concentration（0.02 mol/L）,calcium oxalate monohydrate（COM） is the dominant crystal phase.The mass fraction of calcium oxalate dihydrate（COD） was about 12% and no calcium oxalate trihydrate（COT） was observed.When the concentration of Mgtart increased to 0.06 mol/L,the mass fraction of COT was increased to 33%,and that of COM decreased to 55%,but the mass fraction of COD changed less in the studied concentration range.The inhibitive capacity of Mgtart was stronger than that of either MgCl2,or H2tart,or a mixture of MgCl2 and H2tart.This indicates that not only Mgtart may be used to cure and prevent CaOxa stones,but also may had a stronger capacity than MgCl2 or H2tart or a mixture of MgCl2 and H2tart.
