胚乳和外源赤霉素对五味子[Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill]种子发芽的影响

以组织培养和土壤播种的未经层积处理的五味子种子为材料，检测胚乳和外源赤霉素（GA3）对发芽影响的结果表明，在不加生长调节物质的MS培养基上，去掉外种皮带全胚乳的种子发芽率只有2．7％，而带1／2和1／3胚乳的种子发芽率则分别为46％和70．6％；培养基中添加GA，，可提高去掉外种皮带全胚乳和带1／2胚乳种子的发芽率，而对带1／3胚乳的种子则无效果。土壤播种时，用10—1000mg·L—GA3对去掉外种皮种子进行1~10d前处理，其中100mg·L—GA3前处理10d的发芽率最高，达到38．7％。

Effect of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide on intracerebral acetylcholinesterase and monoamine neurotransmitters in a D-galactose-induced aging brain mouse model

BACKGROUND： The most prominent characteristic of brain aging is decreased learning and memory ability. The functions of learning and memory are closely related to intracerebral acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） and monoamine neurotransmitter activity. Previous studies have shown that Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide has an anti-aging effect. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide on AChE activity and monoamine neurotransmitter content, as well as learning and memory ability in a D-galactose-induced aging mouse brain model compared with the positive control drug Kangnaoling. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Completely randomized, controlled experiment based on neurobiochemistry was performed at the Pharmacological Laboratory, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September to December 2003. MATERIALS： Schisandra chinensis was purchased from Henan Provincial Medicinal Company. Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. Kangnaoling pellets were provided by Liaoning Tianlong Pharmaceutical （batch No. 20030804; state drug permit No. H21023095）. A total of 50 six-week-old Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups： blank control, model, Kangnaoling, high and low dosage Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide groups, with 10 mice per group. METHODS： Mice in the blank control group were subcutaneously injected with 0.5 mL/20 g normal saline into the nape of the neck each day, while the remaining mice were subcutaneously injected with 5% D-galactose saline solution （0.5 mL/20 g） in the nape for 40 days to induce a brain aging model. On day 11, mice in the high and low dosage Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide groups were intragastrically infused with 20 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide solution （0.2 mL/10 g）, respectively. Mice from the Kangnaoling group were intragastrically infused with 35 mg/mL Kangnaoling suspension （0.2 mL/10 g）, and the mice in the model group were intragastrically infused with the same volume of normal saline （0.2 mL/10 g） once per day for 30 consecutive days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Two hours after the final administration, pathohistological changes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were observed using hematoxylin ＆ eosin staining. AChE activity was detected using chromatometry. Monoamine neurotransmitter content was measured using fluorimetry. Learning and memory was measured using the step down test and darkness avoidance test. RESULTS： Both Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide and Kangnaoling improved pathological injury to the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in a mouse model of brain aging. Compared with the blank control group, AChE activity and content of norepinephrine （NA）, dopamine （DA）, and 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） were significantly decreased in the model group （P 〈 0.01 ）. In contrast, AChE activity and NA, DA, and 5-HT levels significantly increased in the Kangnaoling and high dosage Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide groups （P 〈 0.01）, while NA levels significantly increased in the low dosage Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide group （P 〈 0.01）. Drug treatment improved learning and memory abilities （P 〈 0.01 or P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide significantly increased levels of central neurotransmitters and improved learning and memory in a mouse model of brain aging. The effects of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide were equal to that of Kangnaoling pellets.

Analysis of Essential Oil from Stems of Schisandra Chinensis(Turc z.) Baill

The essential oil of Schisandra Chinensis(Turc z.) Baill was extracted and analyzed. The essential oil was obtained in a 1.8%(mL/100 g material) yield. Forty eight compounds were isolated and characterized from the oil. The results show that the content(20.42%) of β -pinene of naturally essential oil is the highest among the components of the oil,which has laid a foundation for the futher development and application of the stems of Schisandra Chinensis(Turc z.) Baill .

Nortriterpenoids from the fruit stalk of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.

Objective:The fruit stalk of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.(S.chinensis)has been found to contain bioactive components similar to the fruit of S.chinensis.Here,we report a recent discovery about new nortriterpenoids with a novel skeleton and anti-gastric cancer activity,which were isolated from the fruit stalk of S.chinensis.Methods:The chemical components of ethyl acetate extract from 70%ethanol extract from S.chinensis fruit stalk were separated,purified,and identified by liquid chromatography methods(silica gel,ODS,HPLC)and extensive spectroscopic analyses(NMR,IR,UV,MS,CD).Results:Two new nortriterpenoids,schilancitrilactone M and 25-hydroxyl schindilactone D(1 and 2),along with ten known nortriterpenoids(3-12)were isolated from the fruit stalk of S.chinensis.The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activities against MGC-803 cells,and the results showed that compounds 6-8 possessed significant activities with IC50 of 9.01,11.77,and 2.74μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion:Twelve nortriterpenoids including two new compounds were isolated from the fruit stalk of S.chinensis for the first time.Among them,compounds 6-8 showed significant anti-gastric cancer activities.We postulated that the fruit stalk of S.chinensis could be used as an anti-gastric cancer drug.

Study on HPLC method to determine contents of Schisandrin A and Schisandrin B in Schisandra chinensis extraction

The determination method of Schisandrin A and Schisandrin B in Schisandra chinensis was improved with the high performance liquid chromagraphy （HPLC）. The sample was extracted exceedingly in the critical limit of CO2. The retention time of Schisandrin A and Schisandrin B was reduced, with methano/water （75 ： 25） as mobile phase. The wavelength for detection was 254 nm. The R^2 of standard curve was 0.9998 and the relative standard deviation was 2.31% and 3.17% with the recovery of 96.45% and 97.37%, respectively. The result shows that the rate of veracity of this method is higher and it proves that the determination method of Sehisandrin A and Schisandrin B in Schisandra chinensis is a feasible method.

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. is a deciduous woody vine, and belongs to the Schisandraceae family. This species is a horticultural plant with edible fruit. It is used medicinally and for making rope. It is distributed in Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi

Pharmacological effects of Schisandra Chinensis Fructus polysaccharide on intestinal protection

Schisandra Chinensis Fructus(SCF)is the fruit of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.,a perennial vine.It was first recorded in Shen Nong′s herbal classic and has a long application history.Studies have shown that SCF has anti-inflammatory,protective liver,antioxidant,antibacterial and other pharmacological effects.Ancient prescriptions are commonly used in the treatment of chronic diarrhea and other intestinal diseases and diabetes.Modern clinical pharmacology features of SCF polysaccharide(SCFP)in diabetes,liver diseases,enteritis and other aspects have achieved excellent results.Gut is an important digestive organ of human body,but intestinal diseases are varied,including Crohn′s disease,ulcerative colitis,intestinal flora imbalance,etc..It is a chronic and non-specific inflammatory disease.The disease is persisted for a long time and the incidence rate is expected to rise.Most of the symptoms are recurrent diarrhea,bloody stool and abdominal pain.It is considered by the World Health Organization as a refractory disease.At present,there is little possibility of complete cure,which is closely related to complex environmental factors,eating habits and heredity.In recent years,clinical studies have found that SCFP has a variety of pharmacological effects on intestinal protection.①Reduce inflammatory factors:intestinal mucositis is a common adverse reaction in patients with chemotherapy.The development of mucositis is related to pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL^(-1)β,Interferon-γ(IFN-γ).SCFP can significantly reduce IL-6 TNF-α,IL^(-1)β,and IL-8,as well as the accumulation of T cells in the process of resisting apoptosis,reduce the inflammatory reaction and protect the damage to villi and crypts,improve the symptoms of small intestinal mucositis caused by weight loss and diarrhea.②Promote immunoglobulin A secretion:intestinal mucosal immunity is the first line of defense of the body′s immune system.Its main antibody is secretory immunoglobulin A,which can destroy and phagocytize microorganisms,bacteria and viruses.SCFP can improve intestinal immunity by increasing the number and activity of T lymphocytes,promoting the secretion of secretory immunoglobulin A,and affecting the activity of a variety of cytokines.③Regulation of intestinal flora:the flora in the intestine has the functions of auxiliary nutrient absorption,biological antagonism and immune regulation,and can form a natural barrier for the host's intestine.When the human intestinal flora is disordered,probiotics will be greatly reduced,harmful bacteria will proliferate and destroy the intestinal environment.Under these conditions,the intake of SCFP significantly increased the number of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacillus,and significantly decreased the number of conditional pathogens such as enterococcus and escherichia coli,indicating that SCFP can indeed regulate the intestinal disorder caused by lincomycin hydrochloride to a certain extent. This may be because beneficial bacteria in the intestine metabolize polysaccharides produce short chain fatty acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid, which reduces the pH value in the intestine and inhibits the growth of enterococcus and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, SCFP can treat and protect intestinal diseases to a certain extent, which provides a favorable basis for the treatment of intestinal diseases.

Metabolism alternation of schisandra chinensis in carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated rats and patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics change of schisandra chinensis under the pathological condition of liver dysfunction for safe and rational use of herbal medicines.METHODS The metabolism of four effective lignans from schisandra chinensis(SC),schisandrin,schisantherin A,deoxyshisandrin and γ-schisandrin was studied using microsomes from patients with advanced hepato.cellular carcinoma.In situ intestinal and hepatic perfusions were conducted to clarify the contributions from impairments of gut and liver on the pharmacokinetics of the four schisandra lignans in CCl4-intoxi.cated rats.The metabolism in rat and human liver microsomes and transport in Caco-2 monolayer cell model were studied to reveal the key factors for the in vivo disposition of the four lignans.RESULTS When SC alcoholic extract was orally administrated to CCl4-intoxicated rat for a short term(4 d),the pharmacokinetics of four active SC lignans was significantly changed while its hepatoprotective effect was not obviously observed.The plasma concentrations of the four schisandra lignans were dramatical.ly elevated compared with the control.The Cmax,AUC and MRT were all increased or prolonged signif.icantly while parameter CLz/F was obviously reduced in rat pretreated with CCl4.In hepatic perfusion study and liver microsomes incubation,it was found that the hepatic metabolism of the four lignans was markedly decreased mainly due to the activity reduction of multiple CYP450 isoenzymes involved the metabolism,which,eventually,might lead to the alternation of their pharmacokinetic profiles in CCl4-intoxicated rats or patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.CONCLUSION The pharmacoki.netic studies of SC components in pathological situation of liver dysfunction are expected to provide useful data for rational and safe application of SC preparations in clinic or further pharmacological and toxicological research.

北五味子(Schizandra Chinensis Baillon)的营养学研究

北五味子(Schizandra Chinensis Baillon)分布在东北东部山区,在林下林间大量生长,野生资源丰富。是我国东北地道的中草药,并为医药学家视为佳品。前人对五味子的药理学、成药学作了大量的研究工作,但关于它的营养学研究尚未见报导。作者利用先进的科学仪器定量测定了原汁的各种营养素的含量。结果表明五味子营养素齐全,维生素、微量元素、有机酸含量丰富,是制造天然保健饮料的优秀原料。

基于生态位模型的南、北五味子潜在适生区预测及其影响因子研究

基于184条南五味子(Schisandra sphenanthera)地理分布记录、129条北五味子(Schisandra chinensis)地理分布记录以及23个环境因子数据,采用MaxEnt生态位模型预测南、北五味子潜在适宜分布区,评估了制约其地理分布的主要环境因子。结果表明,北五味子和南五味子MaxEnt模型训练集和验证集曲线下面积(AUC)均大于0.90,建立的模型预测结果准确。北五味子最佳生境主要分布在辽宁省和吉林省的长白山区域以及北京市;南五味子的最佳生境主要分布在秦巴山区内,以及湖南省武陵山脉,郴州市、株洲市和衡阳市,浙江省金华市等地区。限制北五味子生长的重要环境因子变量分别是最湿月份降水量、最热月份最高温度、土壤酸碱度、最暖季平均降水量、最冷季平均降水量和昼夜温差月均值;限制南五味子分布的环境因子变量分别是最冷月份最低温温度、年平均降水量、温度变化方差和降水量变化方差。南、北五味子的潜在适生区呈区域化分布。

五味子提取物对仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和免疫功能的影响

文章旨在探究五味子提取物对仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和免疫功能的影响。试验将400头28日龄健康、体况良好的三元杂交猪随机分为4组,每处理10个重复,每重复10头。试验日粮分别向基础日粮中添加0、200、400和800 mg/kg的五味子提取物,预饲期3 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:补充400和800 mg/kg五味子提取物可显著提高仔猪6.25%和4.61%的终末体重(P<0.05);显著提高仔猪15.67%和10.95%的平均日增重(P>0.05);显著降低仔猪10.41%和9.09%的料重比(P<0.05);此外,0~800 mg/kg的五味子提取物对仔猪采食量无显著影响(P>0.05)。800 mg/kg的五味子提取物可显著提高仔猪血清IgM含量(P<0.05);200~800 mg/kg的五味子提取物可显著提高仔猪血清IgG含量(P<0.05);400 mg/kg的五味子提取物可显著降低仔猪血清IL-1β含量(P<0.05);此外,五味子提取物对仔猪血清IgA和TNF-α含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。400和800 mg/kg五味子提取物组仔猪空肠绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05);400 mg/kg五味子提取物组仔猪空肠隐窝深度及V/C值显著提高(P<0.05);400 mg/kg五味子提取物组仔猪回肠绒毛长度及V/C值显著提高(P<0.05);此外,0~800 mg/kg五味子提取物对仔猪十二指肠肠道形态、回肠隐窝深度均无显著影响(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,五味子提取物最适添加量为400 mg/kg。

基于UPLC-Q-TRAP-MS分析养心安神药对酸枣仁-五味子配伍煎煮前后10个指标成分含量变化

目的分析养心安神药对酸枣仁-五味子配伍煎煮前后主要指标成分差异变化,并建立含量测定方法。方法采用Welch Ultimate XB-C_(18)色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,5μm),以0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相,流速0.4 mL/min柱温40℃,梯度洗脱;质谱采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),多反应监测离子扫描模式(MRM)。分别对该药对单煎液、单煎合并液与合煎液中主要指标成分酸枣仁皂苷A、斯皮诺素、五味子醇甲、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素、芦丁、槲皮素、山柰酚、山柰酚-3-O-云香糖苷进行含量测定,并分析药对配伍前后主要指标成分的含量变化差异。结果以上10种成分在一定浓度范围内均呈现良好的线性关系;精密度、重复性和稳定性RSD均良好;平均加样回收率在95.0%~102.1%,RSD为0.03%~3.7%。本次实验结果与前期试验认为酸枣仁与五味子在合煎后,主要指标成分降低保持一致性。结论多指标成分同时测定为该药对配伍质量全面控制提供新的方法并为其药效物质基础的深入研究提供依据。

基于网络药理学探究北五味子治疗缺血性脑卒中机制

目的:探究北五味子治疗缺血性脑卒中的有效活性物质和具体机制。方法:通过中药系统药理学技术平台筛选出北五味子的有效活性成分,应用Swiss target prediction数据库获得有效活性物质的作用靶点;通过人类基因数据库和在线人类孟德尔遗传数据库获得缺血性脑卒中的作用靶点;通过韦恩图获得共同靶点,借助String数据库进行蛋白质互作网络的建立;通过DAVID数据库进行基因本体(GO)分析获得生物学过程条目、分子功能条目和细胞组成条目;通过基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析,获得北五味子发挥作用的潜在作用机制;通过Cytoscape 3.8.2软件建立北五味子有效成分-靶点-通路网络。结果:北五味子具有7种治疗缺血性脑卒中的有效成分,18个核心靶点;通过GO分析发现北五味子治疗缺血性脑卒中涉及220个生物学过程条目,27个细胞组成条件,34个分子功能条目;通过KEGG通路富集分析发现北五味子发挥治疗缺血性脑卒中涉及到VEGF信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、脂质与动脉粥样硬化通路和TNF信号通路等;北五味子治疗缺血性脑卒中网络涉及到35个节点、184条边,平均相邻节点数目为10.514,网络中心度为0.309。结论:北五味子有效成分、多靶点、多通路起到防治缺血性脑卒中的作用。本次研究预测的北五味子防治缺血性脑卒中潜在机制可为开展实验研究及临床应用提供依据。

基于网络药理学探析五味子防治稽留流产的机制及验证

目的:基于网络药理学方法分析五味子防治稽留流产的潜在作用机制,并通过实验进行验证。方法:运用系统药理学方法查找并从中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP,https://old.tcmsp-e.com/tcmsp.php)筛选五味子的活性成分及靶点,查找稽留流产相关基因,确定五味子防治稽留流产的靶点。利用Cytoscape构建“药物成分-靶点”网络,筛选关键化合物。利用String建立蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络,并通过Cytoscape-CytoNCA拓扑分析筛选核心靶点。通过对靶基因进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)分析,以预测其可能的信号通路及机制。最后借助人绒毛膜外滋养层细胞系(HTR-8/SVneo)利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)检测和蛋白质印迹(Western blotting)检测进行机制验证。结果:从TCMSP数据库中鉴定了7种五味子活性成分。PPI网络表明雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)、雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)、核受体辅激活因子2(nuclear receptor coactivator 2,NCOA2)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholine esterase,ACHE)可能是五味子防治稽留流产的核心作用靶点。GO富集分析获得44个细胞生物学过程,KEGG途径富集分析获得2个相关信号通路,主要包括甲状腺激素信号通路和雌激素信号通路;在利用细胞模型验证机制过程中发现,二羟环氧苯并芘[benzo(a)pyren-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide,BPDE]染毒后的细胞中AR、ER和COX-2的蛋白质和(或)mRNA水平高于正常细胞,而先使用五味子乙素(Schisandrin B,Sch B)预处理后再染毒BPDE的细胞中AR、ER和COX-2的蛋白质和(或)mRNA水平均较未用Sch B预处理的细胞降低,而NCOA2和ACHE的蛋白质和(或)mRNA水平变化不明显。结论:五味子可通过抗炎和调节AR、ER发挥防治稽留流产的作用,这一保护作用可能是通过雌激素信号通路来实现的。

五味子酯乙对高脂血症小鼠血脂水平的影响

目的探讨五味子木脂素中的活性成分—五味子酯乙对高脂血症模型小鼠血脂代谢的影响。方法将90只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为6组,每组15只,分别为对照组,模型组,五味子总木脂素组(50 mg/kg),五味子酯乙低(2 mg/kg)、中(4 mg/kg)、高(8 mg/kg)剂量组。除对照组外,其他各组均采用高脂饲料(HFD)饲养12周。第8周灌胃给药,对照组和模型组给予同等体积溶媒,连续4周。给药结束后,取小鼠血液和肝脏,检测体质量、肝脏指数及血清中TG、TC、LDL-C和HDL-C含量,应用HE染色法观察肝脏病理形态变化。结果与对照组比较,模型组小鼠体质量上升趋势显著,肝脏指数增大(P<0.01),血清中TG、TC、LDL-C水平上升(P<0.01),HLD-C水平下降(P<0.01),肝细胞胞质中可见大量大小不一的脂肪空泡,肝索排列紊乱;与模型组比较,给药后各给药组小鼠体质量上升平缓,肝脏指数及TG、TC、LDL-C水平下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),HDL-C水平上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),肝组织HE染色显示脂肪变性好转。结论五味子酯乙可改善高脂血症小鼠血脂紊乱及肝脏脂肪变性。

五味子蛋白酶解前后抗氧化活性和功能特性

以五味子蛋白为原料,评价中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶对五味子蛋白酶解前后的抗氧化活性和功能特性;根据两种蛋白酶最适酶解条件,对五味子蛋白酶解,通过扫描电子显微镜、十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、游离巯基和二硫键含量测定分析其结构,并测定其体外清除羟基自由基、DPPH自由基和ABTS~+自由基的能力,测定亚铁离子螯合能力和铁离子还原能力,并对不同酶解产物的持水性、持油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、起泡性和泡沫稳定性等功能特性进行评价;结果显示,五味子蛋白经酶解后相对分子量显著下降,中性蛋白酶酶解产物分子量最低,中性蛋白酶酶解产物水解度最高,为26.45%,酶解效果优于木瓜蛋白酶。以五味子蛋白为参照,酶解可以提升其抗氧化能力,中性蛋白酶酶解产物抗氧化能力优于木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物,但木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物具有较好的还原能力。五味子蛋白经酶解后,溶解性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、起泡性和泡沫稳定性均提高,并且中性蛋白酶酶解产物功能特性优于木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物。扫描电子显微镜观察到五味子蛋白经两种不同蛋白酶酶解后,产生不同程度的碎片和条状结构,并且木瓜蛋白酶的酶解产物中存在部分较大的片状结构,中性蛋白酶酶解产物呈现出细小的无规则碎片结构,相对松散。同时与五味子蛋白相比,两种酶解产物游离巯基含量均增加,其中中性蛋白酶酶解产物二硫键含量最小。综上,酶解可以降低五味子蛋白分子量,提升五味子蛋白的抗氧化活性和功能特性。

基于代谢组学的五味子贮藏后挥发性成分变化研究

目的 明确新产与陈储五味子中挥发性成分的差异。方法 应用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析3个不同产地的新产、陈储五味子中挥发性成分,结合标准谱图库检索对其挥发性成分进行鉴定,并结合层次聚类分析(HCA),应用主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)筛选新、陈五味子中的挥发性差异代谢物。结果 检测到五味子中挥发性成分共计165个,鉴定出81种挥发性成分,包括倍半萜类、单萜类、脂肪烃类、芳香醚类、脂肪酮类、脂肪酸类、酯类、脂肪醛类以及芳香醛类。新产与陈储五味子中共筛选出22个差异代谢物,鉴定了18个差异代谢物的结构,其中单萜类成分13个,脂肪醛、烷烃、脂肪酸、芳香醛、芳香醚类成分各1个;18个差异成分在新产五味子中含量较高,乙酸、3-糠醛、壬醛及十二烷4个差异成分在陈储五味子中含量显著升高。通过22个挥发性差异成分能够区分各产地新、陈五味子样品。结论 本研究全面地分析了五味子中的挥发性成分,明确了五味子贮藏后挥发性成分的变化,可为基于挥发性成分的五味子质量评价及有效成分研究提供依据。

五味子内生菌及其代谢产物研究进展

五味子是我国具有重要药用价值和经济价值的一类药用植物。而内生真菌、内生细菌和内生放线菌三大类是五味子内生菌的主要组成部分。五味子内生菌能产生与植株相同或相似的活性代谢产物,如木脂素、三萜、有机酸等活性物质。并且随着科学探索的持续进步,五味子内生菌在抗菌、抗癌、抗氧化以及病原菌生物防治等方面的作用也逐步被发掘出来,现已成为工业、医药、农业等相关领域的焦点所在。本文就近年来国内外有关五味子内生菌及次生代谢产物生物活性的研究进行综述,为五味子内生菌次生代谢产物的开发和应用提供理论支撑。

五味子多糖提取、结构特征及生物活性研究进展

五味子是木兰科植物五味子(Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill),或华中五味子(Schisandra sphenanchera Rehd.etWils.)的干燥成熟果实,富含多糖、木脂素、挥发油、多酚等多种活性成分。多糖作为其主要的活性成分,提取工艺有双水相萃取、酶解法、超声法、微波法、超声微波协同、微波酶法协同、水提法等,其中双水相萃取效率最高,超声法和水提法应用最广泛。五味子多糖主要由鼠李糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖醛酸组成,平均分子量大致范围在10^(3)~10^(5) Da。现代药理学研究表明,五味子多糖具有显著的抗氧化、免疫调节、抗肿瘤、保肝、降血糖、血脂等功效,在食品、医药领域高值化开发具有重要的意义。因此,本文对近年来国内外五味子多糖提取工艺、结构特征和生物活性及其相关机制进行系统总结,并对其研究方向与应用前景进行展望,以期为五味子深入研究和应用开发提供参考。

五味子四种组分蛋白结构、理化性质和功能特性比较

以北五味子脱脂粉为原料,通过奥斯本四步法提取清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白,分析比较4种组分蛋白的结构、理化性质和功能特性。结果表明,4种组分蛋白所含有的营养成分差异显著,其中谷蛋白的蛋白质含量最高而脂肪含量最低,同时蛋白提取率最高;4种组分蛋白还原性电泳和非还原型电泳在10~180 kDa和3.3~33.0 kDa亚基条带分布存在差异,超低分子质量电泳发现醇溶蛋白分子质量分布于5 kDa;扫描电镜观察出4种组分蛋白不同的表面结构和聚集程度,谷蛋白最为松散;傅里叶变换红外光谱证实了不同组分蛋白二级结构的差异。此外,谷蛋白的热稳定性、溶解性、持水性、持油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性及起泡性和泡沫稳定性均为最优,揭示出4种组分蛋白组成和结构的不同,导致其表现出的理化性质和功能特性也存在差异。