Development and formation of wing cuticle based on transcriptomic analysis in Locusta migratoria during metamorphosis

Wings are an important flight organ of insects.Wing development is a complex process controlled by a series of genes.The flightless wing pad transforms into a mature wing with the function of migratory flight during the nymphto-adult metamorphosis.However,the mechanism of wing morphogenesis in locusts is still unclear.This study analyzed the microstructures of the locust wing pads at pre-eclosion and the wings after eclosion and performed the comparative transcriptome analysis.RNA-seq identified 25,334 unigenesand 3,430 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)(1,907 up-regulated and 1,523 down-regulated).The DEGs mainly included cuticle development(LmACPs),chitin metabolism(Lm Idgf4),lipid metabolism-related genes,cell adhesion(Integrin),zinc finger transcription factors(LmSalm,LmZF593 andLmZF521),and others.Functional analysis based on RNA interference and hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining showed that the three genes encoded zinc finger transcription factors are essential for forming wing cuticle and maintaining morphology in Locusta migratoria.Finally,the study found that the LmSalm regulates the expression of LmACPs in the wing pads at pre-eclosion,and LmZF593 and LmZF521 regulate the expression of LmIntegrin/LmIdgf4/LmHMT420 in the wings after eclosion.This study revealed that the molecular regulatory axis controls wing morphology in nymphal and adult stages of locusts,offering a theoretical basis for the study of wing development mechanisms in hemimetabolous insects.

MicroRNA miR-252-5p regulates the Notch signaling pathway by targeting Rab6 in Drosophila wing development

The Notch signaling pathway plays a central role in the development of various organisms.However,dysregulation of microRNAs(miRNAs),which are crucial regulators of gene expression,can disrupt signaling pathways at all stages of development.Although Notch signaling is involved in wing development in Drosophila,the mechanism underlying miRNA-based regulation of the Notch signaling pathway is unclear.Here,we report that loss of Drosophila miR-252 increases the size of adult wings,whereas the overexpression of miR-252 in specific compartments of larval wing discs leads to patterning defects in the adult wings.The miR-252 overexpression-induced wing phenotypes were caused by aberrant Notch signaling with intracellular accumulation of the full-length Notch receptor during development,which could be due to defects in intracellular Notch trafficking associated with its recycling to the plasma membrane and autophagy-mediated degradation.Moreover,we identified Rab6 as a direct target of miR-252-5p;Rab6 encodes a small Ras-like GTPase that regulates endosomal trafficking pathways.Consistent with this finding,RNAi-mediated downregulation of Rab6 led to similar defects in both wing patterning and Notch signaling.Notably,co-overexpression of Rab6 completely rescued the wing phenotype associated with miR-252 overexpression,further supporting that Rab6 is a biologically relevant target of miR-252-5p in the context of wing development.Thus,our data indicate that the miR-252-5p-Rab6 regulatory axis is involved in Drosophila wing development by controlling the Notch signaling pathway.

Nanocarrier-delivered dsRNA suppresses wing development of green peach aphids

RNA interference(RNAi)has developed rapidly as a potential“green”pest management strategy.At present,most studies have focused on the screening of aphid lethal genes,whereas only a few studies have been conducted on wing development,which is crucial for aphid migration and plant-virus dissemination.Here,the Myzus persicae genes vestigial(vg)and Ultrabithorax(Ubx)related to wing development,were cloned.These two genes were expressed in various tissues of 3rd-instar winged aphids.The mRNA level of vg was high in 3rd-instar nymphs,whereas the expression level of Ubx was high in adults.The nanocarrier-mediated delivery system delivered double-stranded RNAs for aphid RNAi using topical and root applications.The expression levels of vg and Ubx were downregulated by 44.0%and 36.5%,respectively,using the topical application.The simultaneous RNAi of the two target genes caused 63.3%and 32.2%wing aberration rates using topical and root applications,respectively.The current study provided a promising method for controlling aphid migration to alleviate the spread of insect transmitted plant diseases.

A DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR WING DESIGN

Since it takes a long time to design an aircraft, the succession to or the acquirement of knowledges and technologies is a key to provide to aircraft design high quality and productivity. This paper describes a computer support system for wing design using a new tool based on an object-oriented approach. The system is programmed in a module of objects which represent design tasks or design knowledges. The modulated program gives advantages to maintain and extend the system easily. The system provides to users a flexible support with excellent user interface which consists of mouse, menu-driven system, and window system.

Cuticular protein gene LmACP8 is involved in wing morphogenesis in the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria

Cuticular proteins(CPs)are major components of the insect cuticle-associated organs such as integument and wings,although the importance of CPs for wing development and function in hemimetabolous insects remains understudied.In the present study,a wing cuticular protein LmACP8 was identified from Locusta migratoria,which belongs to the RR-2 subfamily of cuticular protein R&R consensus(CPR)chitin-binding proteins.LmACP8 was mainly expressed in the wing pads and showed high expression levels before ecdysis of third-,fourth-,and fifth-instar nymphs,with its encoded protein located in the procuticle of wing pads and adult wings.Depletion of LmACP8 by RNA interference markedly reduced the amount of its protein,which consequently caused abnormal wing morphogenesis in the transition from nymph to adult of L.migratoria.We further demonstrated that the abnormal morphogenesis was caused by severe damage of the endocuticle in the wings.LmACP8 was suppressed by 20-hydroxyecdysone(20 E)in vivo,however,its expression was significantly up-regulated after knocking down the hormone receptor gene LmHR39.Thus,the LmACP8 that is negatively regulated by the LmHR39-mediated 20 E signaling pathway is involved in wing development during the nymph to adult transition.

白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂有翅和无翅型雌蜂寄生行为和子代发育比较

【目的】白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂雌蜂可发育为有翅或无翅型2种形态,但有翅型雌蜂在种群中占比较少。探究有翅和无翅型雌蜂的寄生行为和子代发育情况是否存在差异,为进一步明确在寄生蜂规模化繁育中调控有翅雌性个体的必要性提供理论依据。【方法】对比测定有翅和无翅型白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂雌蜂在生命周期内可完成产卵寄生的次数、雌蜂产卵前期、子代发育历期、子代数量和雄性比例。【结果】1)有翅和无翅型雌蜂最多可完成4次寄生过程,其寄生能力无显著差异,但寄生能力均随寄生次数增加而减弱;2种翅型雌蜂的寿命无显著差异,平均寿命约43天。2)有翅和无翅型雌蜂的产卵前期及其子代幼期历期均无显著差异。3)有翅和无翅型雌蜂子代总数及雄性比例无显著差异,一头雌蜂的子代总数分别为103头和98头,雄性比例分别为10.59%和6.90%;无论何种翅型的雌蜂,在4次寄生过程中,前2批次子代以雌性为主,后2批次子代以雄性为主。【结论】有翅雌蜂未因翅的发育造成寄生能力和繁殖力损耗,其生殖适合度较无翅型个体无差异。由于具翅雌蜂释放后自行扩散能力强,故人为调控诱导产生更多的具翅雌蜂对该寄生蜂在生物防治上发挥的作用更为有利。

东亚飞蝗WntA在胚胎发育阶段的时空表达

【目的】探讨东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis Wnt基因家族中WntA编码蛋白序列特征及其在胚胎发育阶段的时空表达谱,为进一步开展LmmWntA的功能研究及挖掘东亚飞蝗其他Wnt基因家族成员奠定基础。【方法】PCR克隆并利用邻接法(neighbor-joining,NJ)鉴定东亚飞蝗Wnt基因家族基因LmmWntA;通过同源序列多重比对分析LmmWntA氨基酸序列特征;利用整胚原位杂交技术对LmmWntA在东亚飞蝗产卵后(after egg laying,AEL)发育至12,24,35,46,56和65 h以及3,3.5,4,4.5,5,5.5,6.5,8,8.5,9.5和11 d共17个连续胚胎发育阶段进行转录信号筛查。【结果】克隆获得东亚飞蝗LmmWntA(GenBank登录号:MW052768),CDS全长1101 bp,编码336个氨基酸;LmmWtnA与头索动物、昆虫、有爪动物及环节动物WntA蛋白共同聚为WntA亚家族单系群;LmmWntA中段和C端与比对物种WntA蛋白序列保持了较高同源性,仅在N端信号肽区域出现差异,LmmWntA与膜翅目(Hymenoptera)西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera AmWntA蛋白聚为姊妹群,氨基酸序列一致性为59.05%。LmmWntA最先表达在东亚飞蝗35 h AEL胚胎期末端生长区并在该区域持续表达至4 d AEL胚胎期,同时在新生体节每节腹部形成条纹状表达;在46 h AEL胚胎期视叶后半区持续表达至8.5 d AEL胚胎期,该区域未来发育成复眼;在56 h AEL胚胎期脑持续表达至5.5 d AEL胚胎期;在65 h AEL胚胎期每节腹部的条纹状表达信号逐渐转移至腹中线两侧,在触角基部有明显的表达信号;在5.5 d AEL胚胎期表达信号进一步转移至腹神经;从3 d AEL胚胎期开始在腹侧体节远轴端表达,后期转移至上颚、足关节及末端;伴随4.5 d AEL胚胎末端开始内陷形成肛道,LmmWntA在内陷肛道的腹面及前端表达,最多内陷至腹部第7体节;至9.5 d AEL胚胎期时LmmWntA在翅芽盘处表达。【结论】LmmWntA在东亚飞蝗胚胎发育阶段动态表达,推测LmmWntA参与东亚飞蝗胚胎后端体节生长、神经系统(脑和腹神经)、复眼、触角、消化系统后端(肛道)、颚、胸部附肢(足和翅)等重要组织和器官的发生和形成。本研究结果为进一步开展LmmWntA功能缺失研究奠定发育生物学基础。

Bmmp influences wing morphology by regulating anterior-posterior and proximal-distal axes sdevelopment

Insect wings are subject to strong selective pressure,resulting in the evolution of remarkably diverse wing morphologies that largely determine flight capacity.However,the genetic basis and regulatory mechanisms underlying wing size and shape development are not well understood.The silkworm Bombyx mori micropterous(mp)mutant exhibits shortened wing length and enlarged vein spacings,albeit without changes in total wing area.Thus,the mp mutant comprises a valuable genetic resource for studying wing de-velopment.In this study,we used molecular mapping to identify the gene responsible for the mp phenotype and designated it Bmmp.Phenotype-causing mutations were identified as indels and single nucleotide polymorphisms in noncoding regions.These mutations resulted in decreased Bmmp messenger RNA levels and changes in transcript isoform composition.Bmmp null mutants were generated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 and exhibited changed wing shape,similar to mp mutants,and significantly smaller total wing area.By examining the expression of genes critical to wingdevelopment inwildtype and Bmmp null mutants,we found that Bmmp exerts its function by coordinately modulating anterior-posterior and proximal-distal axes development.We also studied a Drosophila mp mutant and found that Bmmp is functionally conserved in Drosophila.The Drosophila mp mutant strain exhibits curly wings of reduced size and a complete loss of flight capacity.Our results increase our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning insect wing development and reveal potential targets for pest control.

Lmlntegrinβ-PS is required for wing morphogenesis and development in Locusta migratoria

Wings are an important flight organ of insects and their morphogenesis depends on a series of cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions.Integrin as a transmembrane protein receptor mediates cell-to-cell adhesion,cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions and signal transduction.In the present study,we characterized an integrin gene that encodes integrinβ-PS protein in Locusta migratoria.Lmlntegrinβ-PS is highly expressed in the wing pads and the middle stages of 5th instar nymphs.Immunohisto-chemical analysis revealed that the Lmlntegrinβ-PS protein was localized at the cell base of the two layers of wings.After suppression of Lmlntegrinβ-PS by RNA interference,the wing pads or wings were unable to form normally,with a blister wing appearance during nymph to nymph transition and nymph to adult transition.We further found that the dorsal and ventral epidermis of the wings after dsLmlntegrinβ-PS injection were improperly connected and formed huge cavities revealed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Furthermore,the morphology and structure of the wing cuticle was significantly disturbed which affected the stable arrangement and attachments of the wing epidermis.Moreover,the expression of related cell adhesion genes was significantly decreased in LmIntegrinβ-PS-suppressed L.migratoria,suggesting that Lmlntegrinβ-PS is required for the morphogenesis and development of wings during molting by stabilizing cell adhesion and maintaining the cytoskeleton of these cells.

菊小长管蚜的实验种群生命表

用叶子圆片法饲养菊小长管蚜，组建了既考虑若蚜个体间不同发育速率又包括成蚜翅型差异的实验种群生命表。结果表明，这一方法不但清楚地揭示了蚜虫个体发育进度差异对种群生长的影响，而且还阐明了翅二型性对种群发展的重要作用。

不同温度对灰飞虱生长发育的影响

本试验以水稻为寄主食料,研究了18、23、25、28、33℃5个不同温度对灰飞虱试验种群发育、存活等各方面的影响。结果表明：18-28℃,随着温度升高,若虫各龄期的发育历期缩短,且发育速率与温度呈显著正相关,33℃高温对若虫发育有明显的抑制作用;同时在18-28℃范围内若虫存活率较高,33℃时存活率显著下降,28℃若虫存活率最高;在18-33℃范围内雌虫均为短翅型,而雄虫多数为长翅型,温度相对较高时雌虫多于雄虫。此外,由直线回归法得到整个若虫期各龄期的发育起点温度分别为8.05、14.64、15.49、14.43、13.52℃,有效积温依次为56.81、23.67、21.72、28.37、48.78日·度。

新奥运周期中外女排优秀接应二传个人进攻能力的发展特点分析

采用文献资料和录像统计等方法,对新奥运周期中的中国、巴西、美国、日本和意大利女排主力接应二传个人进攻能力的发展特点进行分析。结果显示:日本和巴西女排接应二传的个人进攻能力处于稳步发展阶段;美国和意大利女排接应二传的调整取得了尚佳的效果,新队员的个人进攻能力较高,而且已稍好于老队员;中国女排接应二传的调整没有达到预期的目标,尤其在个人进攻能力方面并没有取得实质性的突破,反而与其它各国队员的差距逐步变大。建议:中国女排应从训练模式与方法、运动员选材、后备人才梯队建设和教练员任用等方面入手,解决接应二传位置的"短板问题"。

南昌地区灰飞虱的生活史、繁殖和越冬生物学特性

为了探明灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus （Fallén）在南昌地区的生物学特性， 本研究在实验室和自然条件下系统调查了该虫的年生活史， 温度对其生长发育、 繁殖、 性比及翅型分化的影响， 及其越冬生物学。结果表明， 灰飞虱在南昌一年发生4-7代。在18-32℃， 卵的发育历期随温度升高逐渐缩短。若虫的发育历期在18-28℃随温度升高逐渐缩短， 但若虫的发育历期在30和32℃时显著长于28℃的发育历期（P=0.000﹤0.05）。越冬个体的若虫期为143-187 d。卵和若虫的发育起点温度分别为10.17℃和7.51℃。在室外， 7月中旬高温下孵化的第4代若虫的发育历期也明显延长， 显示了高温诱导的夏季休眠现象。在18-28℃， 产卵前期随温度升高而逐渐缩短， 当温度上升到30℃时， 其产卵前期比26和28℃下有所延长。产卵期在22℃最长， 30℃下最短。成虫在20-24℃下的寿命最长。在28℃下， 平均每雌产若虫量最大。不论在室内还是在室外， 雌雄比均接近1∶1。在18-32℃， 羽化的成虫均以长翅型占绝对优势。在自然条件下， 越冬代和第6代羽化的成虫以短翅型占优势， 其他各代仍以长翅型占优势。在自然条件下， 9月中旬孵化的若虫就有少量个体滞育越冬， 10月中旬后孵化的若虫全部进入越冬。越冬若虫的龄期为1-5龄。本研究为该虫发生的预测及有效防控提供基础资料。

灰飞虱长、短翅型品系对高、低温的适应能力差异

【目的】灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus种群存在长翅和短翅个体,其翅型分化受遗传和环境条件的影响。本研究旨在明确经连续定向选育的灰飞虱长、短翅型品系对高、低温的适应能力差异。【方法】在室内分别长期定向筛选63和65代建立灰飞虱长、短翅型品系,并在南京田间采集灰飞虱自然种群;分别在25℃,30℃和35℃恒温条件下测定上述灰飞虱长、短翅型品系和自然种群的繁殖力、存活率和发育历期,测定若虫在5℃和-20℃下的存活率以及若虫和成虫的过冷却点,通过品系间存活率、发育历期、生殖力和过冷却点的比较分析,确定灰飞虱长、短翅型品系对高温和低温的耐受能力。【结果】在25℃,30℃和35℃下,灰飞虱自然种群雌成虫的繁殖力均显著高于室内筛选后的长、短翅型品系,而长、短翅型品系雌成虫之间的繁殖力均无显著差异;长、短翅型品系的繁殖力在25℃和30℃之间均无显著差异,但自然种群在25℃下的繁殖力显著高于30℃条件下的繁殖力;35℃下长、短翅型品系基本无若虫产生。25℃下长翅型品系、短翅型品系和自然种群若虫的存活率无显著差异,但在30℃下,短翅型品系若虫的存活率显著低于自然种群,而与长翅型品系差异不显著;35℃下长、短翅型品系的若虫最长只能存活到3龄,且两品系间无显著差异,而自然种群可存活到5龄。25℃下,短翅型品系若虫的发育历期显著短于自然种群,而与长翅型品系无差异;但是在30℃下,短翅型品系若虫历期显著长于长翅型品系和自然种群。长翅型品系、短翅型品系和自然种群灰飞虱3-4龄若虫在5℃低温下的存活天数无显著差异,并且长翅和短翅型品系在-20℃极端低温下暴露10 min后其死亡率也无显著差异且均显著高于自然种群。3个品系(种群)成虫的过冷却点无显著差异,但5龄若虫的过冷却点表现为短翅型品系显著高于自然种群,而与长翅型品系无显著差异。【结论】经连续定向选育的灰飞虱长、短翅型品系对低温和高温的适应力基本相当,且低于自然种群。在高温条件下灰飞虱短翅型品系的发育速率低于长翅型品系。

DNA甲基化通过调控细胞自噬影响家蚕翅的发育

【目的】本研究旨在探索DNA甲基化是否通过调控细胞自噬进而影响家蚕Bombyx mori翅的发育。【方法】分别用1和2μg DNA甲基化特异性抑制剂5-aza-dC处理家蚕卵巢Bm12细胞和家蚕预蛹,荧光显微镜下观察Bm12细胞的数量,利用dot blot检测Bm12细胞中DNA甲基化水平,利用溶酶体染色检测细胞自噬强度;利用RT-qPCR检测细胞自噬相关蛋白(Agt)基因的表达水平;利用Western blot和免疫组化定性检测Bm12细胞中自噬标记物LC3蛋白的分型情况;观察成虫的翅表型并计算残翅率和翅面积。用2μg细胞自噬激活剂SMER28处理家蚕预蛹,以及采用自噬抑制剂Spautin-1(2μg)挽救5-aza-dC(2μg)处理后的家蚕预蛹,利用溶酶体染色检测翅细胞内自噬强度,观察翅表型并计算残翅率和翅面积。【结果】1μg 5-aza-dC处理后12,24和48 h抑制了Bm12细胞的生长,使Bm12细胞甲基化水平降低,Bm12细胞自噬水平升高;处理后48 h Bm12细胞中Atg基因表达上调。家蚕预蛹期注射2μg 5-aza-dC后24,48和72 h,成虫翅细胞内自噬水平升高,Atg基因的表达上调,出现大量畸形翅并且残翅率升高72.62%和翅表面积减少66%。家蚕预蛹期注射2μg SMER2824,48和72 h后,成虫翅细胞内自噬水平升高,成虫出现大量畸形翅,残翅率升高75.13%和翅表面积减少48.79%。利用Spautin-1对5-aza-dC处理的预蛹进行挽救实验,结果显示细胞自噬抑制可以缓解DNA去甲基化对成虫翅发育的影响。【结论】本研究结果证明DNA甲基化通过调节细胞自噬在家蚕翅发育中发挥作用。本研究结果为DNA甲基化调控昆虫发育提供了实验依据。

Characterization and functional analysis of chitinase family genes involved in nymph-adult transition of Sogatella furcifera

Chitinase degrades chitin in the old epidermis or peritrophic matrix of insects,which ensures normal development and metamorphosis.In our previous work,we comprehensively studied the function of SfCht7 in Sogatella furcifera.However,the number and function of chitinase genes in S.furcifera remain unknown.Here,we identified 12 full-length chitinase transcripts from S.furcifera,which included nine chitinase(Cht),two imaginal disc growth factor(IDGF),and one endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase(ENGase)genes.Expression analysis results revealed that the expression levels of eight genes(SfCht3,SfCht5,SfCht6-1,SfCht6-2,SfCht7,SfCht8,SfCht10,and SfIDGF2)with similar transcript levels peaked prior to molting of each nymph and were highly expressed in the integument.Based on RNA interference(RNAi),description of the functions of each chitinase gene indicated that the silencing of SfCht5,SfCht10,and SfIDGF2 led to molting defects and lethality.RNAi inhibited the expressions of SfCht5,SfCht7,SfCht10,and SfIDGF2,which led to downregulated expressions of chitin synthase 1(SfCHS1,SfCHS1a,and SfCHS1b)and four chitin deacetylase genes(SfCDA1,SfCDA2,SfCDA3,and SfCDA4),and caused a change in the expression level of two trehalase genes(TRE1 and TRE2).Furthermore,silencing of SfCht7 induced a significant decrease in the expression levels of three wing development-related genes(SfWG,SfDpp,and SfHh).In conclusion,SfCht5,SfCht7,SfCht10,and SfIDGF2 play vital roles in nymph–adult transition and are involved in the regulation of chitin metabolism,and SfCht7 is also involved in wing development;therefore,these genes are potential targets for control of S.furcifera.

BrdU抗体染色技术检测昆虫器官的细胞增殖

BrdU(5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine)是一种人工合成的核苷酸类似物,常用于标记活体组织的增殖细胞。它的结构类似于胸腺嘧啶,在细胞分裂的S期,可以取代胸腺嘧啶而插入正在复制的细胞DNA中。通过免疫组化手段,用BrdU抗体检测整合在细胞DNA中的BrdU分子,可以反映出细胞周期的活力,即细胞增殖的速率。本文介绍一种优化的BrdU染色流程,用来标记昆虫小器官的细胞增殖速率。通过这种技术,我们重新评估了Dpp信号通路中的转录抑制因子Brinker在翅芽发育过程中调控细胞增殖的作用,发现它并不是以前所认为的在翅囊区是一种生长抑制因子。

褐飞虱flightin的原核表达及其差异表达检测

flightin最早发现于果蝇Drosophila melanogaster的间接飞行肌中,并且定位于粗肌丝。这种蛋白对维持肌节的结构和功能起到了重要的作用,但其在具有长短翅型分化的褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens Stl的不同翅型间差异并不清楚。本研究以长翅型雌虫褐飞虱cDNA为模板,通过PCR扩增得到褐飞虱flightin基因ORF全长,将其连接到表达载体pGEX-6P-1中以与谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)融合表达。将表达载体转入大肠杆菌表达株Rosseta,在不同温度、不同浓度IPTG的条件下诱导表达flightin,得到了最优表达条件,获得了高水平可溶性表达。在用GST抗体进行Western blotting验证GST-flightin融合重组蛋白表达的正确性后,我们通过GST柱纯化了的GST-flightin,进而用纯化后的蛋白免疫新西兰兔制备了高特异性的多克隆抗体。最后,我们用制备的多克隆抗体检测了长、短翅型雌成虫和不同发育阶段的褐飞虱体内flightin的表达差异。结果显示,flightin仅在长翅型成虫中表达,在短翅型雌成虫中未检测到其明显表达,而且flightin只在成虫期表达。本研究为进一步研究褐飞虱的flightin与其它蛋白互作、翅肌发育和翅型分化打下了基础。

亚致死剂量杀虫剂对两种蚜虫翅型、发育和生殖的影响

【目的】研究亚致死剂量杀虫剂对桃蚜Myzuspersicae(Sulzer)和萝卜蚜Lipaphiserysimi(Kaltenbach)翅型、发育和生殖的影响。【方法】采用叶片浸渍法测定了7种杀虫剂对两种蚜虫的毒力,并计算了实验所需的亚致死浓度LC10;采用微虫笼法测定了7种杀虫剂对桃蚜和萝卜蚜翅型分化、发育和生殖的影响。【结果】在20℃下,烯啶虫胺延长了桃蚜的发育历期;噻虫啉显著增加了桃蚜的产仔数量。在25℃,噻虫啉显著降低萝卜蚜有翅蚜比例;噻虫啉、吡虫啉、阿维菌素和烯啶虫胺延长了萝卜蚜发育历期;噻虫啉、阿维菌素、烯啶虫胺、啶虫脒和噻虫嗪显著降低了萝卜蚜产仔数量。【结论】亚致死剂量的杀虫剂对桃蚜和萝卜蚜的发育历期及产仔数量均有影响,但仅对萝卜蚜的翅型比例产生影响,对桃蚜的翅型分化比例无显著影响。

7种抗病毒制剂对蚜虫翅型分化等生物学的影响

为了明确抗病毒制剂使用对田间蚜虫的影响,采用微虫笼法评价了7种抗病毒制剂在推荐浓度下对蚜虫有翅蚜产生等生物学的影响。结果表明:7种抗病毒制剂对桃蚜和萝卜蚜成蚜无杀伤作用。7种抗病毒制剂对桃蚜F.代翅型分化无明显的促进或抑制作用;在20℃,氨基寡糖素处理后的萝卜蚜F1代中有翅蚜比例显著增加,而寡糖·链蛋白则是显著降低了子代中有翅蚜的比例。在25℃下,宁南霉素和盐酸吗啉胍均降低了萝卜蚜F1代有翅蚜的比例。在20℃下,氨基寡糖素和寡糖·链蛋白均缩短了桃蚜的发育历期,而在25℃条件下,寡糖·链蛋白和盐酸吗啉胍延长了桃蚜的发育历期。20℃下,盐酸吗啉胍延长萝卜蚜发育历期,25℃,宁南霉素、香菇多糖显著缩短萝卜蚜发育历期,而盐酸吗啉胍则延长萝卜蚜发育历期。在20℃下,吗胍·乙酸铜增加了桃蚜的产仔数,而葡聚多糖则减少了桃蚜的产仔数。在25℃下,宁南霉素减少了桃蚜的产仔数。在20℃下,7种抗病毒制剂均显著减少了萝卜蚜的产仔数,而25℃,氨基寡糖素、吗胍·乙酸铜、宁南霉素、香菇多糖、盐酸吗淋胍则是增加了萝卜蚜的产仔数。