Real-Time Monitoring System for Rotor Temperature of a Large Turbogenerator Based on SmartMesh IP Wireless Network Communication Technology

In this study,a real-time rotor temperature monitoring system for large turbogenerators using SmartMesh IP wireless network communication technology was designed and tested.The system is capable of providing comprehensive,accurate,continuous,and reliable real-time temperature monitoring for turbogenerators.Additionally,it has demonstrated satisfactory results in a real-time monitoring test of the rotor temperature of various famous large-scale turbogenerators and giant nuclear power half-speed turbogenerators designed and manufactured in China.The development and application of this wireless temperature measurement system would aid in improving the intelligent operation quality,safety,and stability of China’s large turbine generators and even the entire power system.

A Novel Outage Capacity Objective Function for Optimal Performance Monitoring and Predictive Fault Detection in Hybrid Free-Space Optical and RF Wireless Networks

This study develops an optimal performance monitoring metric for a hybrid free space optical and radio wireless network, the Outage Capacity Objective Function. The objective function—the dependence of hybrid channel outage capacity upon the error rate, jointly quantifies the effects of atmospheric optical impairments on the performance of the free space optical segment as well as the effect of RF channel impairments on the radio frequency segment. The objective function is developed from the basic information-theoretic capacity of the optical and radio channels using the gamma-gamma model for optical fading and Ricean statistics for the radio channel fading. A simulation is performed by using the hybrid network. The objective function is shown to provide significantly improved sensitivity to degrading performance trends and supports of proactive link failure prediction and mitigation when compared to current thresholding techniques for signal quality metrics.

Remote Monitoring System of Ship Running State under Wireless Network

In order to improve the stability and safety of ship operation, real-time monitoring to running state of the ship, a ship remote monitoring system, the running state of the design of wireless network system, including ship running state feature acquisition module, AD conversion module, bus transmission module, wireless network communication module, integrated control module and human-computer interaction module, ship communication network uses remote satellite communications and wireless sensor networking technology, SIP session initiation protocol H. 23 protocol based on IETF and wireless network communication for ship design. To focus on the implementation of the multi thread control method for ship running state monitoring instruction, monitoring system application development and integration in cross compiler GCC compiler environment, design software platform monitoring system using heterogeneous and hierarchical middleware technology, network access services and real-time monitoring service ship monitoring system, the system test results show that the designed remote monitoring system of ship running state can monitor the running state characteristics of ship in real time, and the system has good adaptability and reliability.

A Fuzzy Trust Management Mechanism with Dynamic Behavior Monitoring for Wireless Sensor Networks

Traditional wireless sensor networks(WSNs)are typically deployed in remote and hostile environments for information collection.The wireless communication methods adopted by sensor nodes may make the network highly vulnerable to various attacks.Traditional encryption and authentication mechanisms cannot prevent attacks launched by internal malicious nodes.The trust-based security mechanism is usually adopted to solve this problem in WSNs.However,the behavioral evidence used for trust estimation presents some uncertainties due to the open wireless medium and the inexpensive sensor nodes.Moreover,how to efficiently collect behavioral evidences are rarely discussed.To address these issues,in this paper,we present a trust management mechanism based on fuzzy logic and a cloud model.First,a type-II fuzzy logic system is used to preprocess the behavioral evidences and alleviate uncertainty.Then,the cloud model is introduced to estimate the trust values for sensor nodes.Finally,a dynamic behavior monitoring protocol is proposed to provide a balance between energy conservation and safety assurance.Simulation results demonstrate that our trust management mechanism can effectively protect the network from internal malicious attacks while enhancing the energy efficiency of behavior monitoring.

Monitoring System for Field Soil Water Content Based on the Wireless Sensor Network

[Objective] To water content monitoring study the application of wireless sensor network in field so and to discuss the methods for solving the problems of low sampling rate, high cost and poor real-time in actual monitoring. [Method] The architecture of wireless sensor network, network nodes, hardware design as well as principle for the program structure of software operating system and corresponding parameters were analyzed to illustrate the characteristics of monitoring system for field soil water content based on wireless sensor network, and the advantages in application of this system. [Result] Sensor nodes could correctly collect and transmit soil water content, realize stable data transmission of soil water content, indicating that wireless sensor network is suitable for real-time monitoring of field soil water content. [Conclusion] This study indicates that wireless sensor network possesses a widely application foreground in the development of agriculture.

A multipath routing protocol for wireless sensor network for mine security monitoring

Underground mining is a hazardous industrial activity. In order to provide a safe working environment for miners, a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology has been used for security monitoring. It can provide a wide range of surveillance with a relatively low cost. In this study, an Energy-Based Multipath Routing (EBMR) protocol is proposed, which considers residual energy capacity and link quality in choosing hops and routing paths. Hops and paths with a high residual energy capacity and link quality will have the best chance to be selected to transmit data packages. Since the EBMR stores several routes in the routing table, when the current path fails, another path will be chosen to fulfill the task immediately. In this way, EBMR improves reliability and decrease time latency. Compared to AOMDV and REAR, EBMR decreases time latency by 51% and 12%.

Power Line Monitoring Data Transmission Using Wireless Sensor Network

The WSN used in power line monitoring is long chain structure, and the bottleneck near the Sink node is more obvious. In view of this, A Sink nodes’ cooperation mechanism is presented. The Sink nodes from different WSNs are adjacently deployed. Adopting multimode and spatial multiplexing network technology, the network is constructed into multi-mode-level to achieve different levels of data streaming. The network loads are shunted and the network resources are rationally utilized. Through the multi-sink nodes cooperation, the bottlenecks at the Sink node and its near several jump nodes are solved and process the competition of communication between nodes by channel adjustment. Finally, the paper analyzed the method and provided simulation experiment results. Simulation results show that the method can solve the funnel effect of the sink node, and get a good QoS.

Fire monitoring in coal mines using wireless underground sensor network and interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller

From the view of underground coal mining safety system, it is extremely important to continuous monitoring of coal mines for the prompt detection of fires or related problems inspite of its uncertainty and imprecise characteristics. Therefore, evaluation and inferring the data perfectly to prevent fire related accidental risk in underground coal mining (UMC) system are very necessary. In the present article, we have proposed a novel type-2 fuzzy logic system (T2FLS) for the prediction of fire intensity and its risk assessment for risk reduction in an underground coal mine. Recently, for the observation of underground coal mines, wireless underground sensor network (WUSN) are being concerned frequently. To implement this technique IT2FLS, main functional components are sensor nodes which are installed in coal mines to accumulate different imprecise environmental data like, temperature, relative humidity, different gas concentrations etc. and these are sent to a base station which is connected to the ground observation system through network. In the present context, a WUSN based fire monitoring system is developed using fuzzy logic approach to enhance the consistency in decision making system to improve the risk chances of fire during coal mining. We have taken Mamdani IT2FLS as fuzzy model on coal mine monitoring data to consider real-time decision making (DM). It is predicted from the simulated results that the recommended system is highly acceptable and amenable in the case of fire hazard safety with compared to the wired and off-line monitoring system for UMC. Legitimacy of the suggested model is prepared using statistical analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.

Design and validation of wireless acceleration sensor network for structural health monitoring

A wireless sensor network is proposed to monitor the acceleration of structures for the purpose of structural health monitoring of civil engineering structures. Using commercially available parts, several modules are constructed and integrated into complete wireless sensors and base stations. The communication protocol is designed and the fusion arithmetic of the temperature and acceleration is embedded in the wireless sensor node so that the measured acceleration values are more accurate. Measures are adopted to finish energy optimization, which is an important issue for a wireless sensor network. The test is perfonned on an offshore platform model, and the experimental results are given to show the feasibility of the designed wireless sensor network .

Design of Building Monitoring Systems Based on Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network provides a potential technique for monitoring the indoor environment. This paper presents a Building Monitoring system based on Wireless Sensor Networks. A clustering-based network specified for building monitoring is proposed, which is inspired by LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Cluster Hierarchy) method. Further, two key ideas are used to implement the clustering-based network. First, the configuration module of building management software is used to conduct all nodes in a room forming a local cluster. This cluster formation method does not consume node energy. Second, because cluster-heads cannot directly transmit packets to the sink node due to limited wireless communication range, the cluster-head communications are represented by a multi-hop tree rooted at the sink node. The experiment has been made to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed results.

Wildfire Monitoring and Detection System Using Wireless Sensor Network: A Case Study of Tanzania

This paper proposes a wildfire monitoring and detection system based on wireless sensor network. This system detects fire by monitoring surrounding temperature, humidity and smoke. Once fire is detected, a warning message containing probable location of that fire is immediately sent to the responsible authority over cellular network. In order for the system to be more effective, communities living near forests or national parks can send warning messages through the same system to the responsible authority using their mobile handsets once they witness wildfire or illegal activities. For the system to be fully functional, the only requirement is the availability of cellular network coverage in forests or national parks to enable short message services to take place. The system prototype is developed using Arduino microcontroller, several sensors to detect temperature, relative humidity and smoke as well as wireless network connection modules. At the control center Telerivet messaging platform is used to design the messaging service. The experimental results justify the capability of the proposed system in detecting wildfire in real time.

Development and Field Evaluation of a Low-Cost Wireless Sensor Network System for Hydrological Monitoring of a Small Agricultural Watershed

Hydrological monitoring and real-time access to data are valuable for hydrological research and water resources management. In the recent decades, rapid developments in digital technology, micro-electromechanical systems, low power micro-sensing technologies and improved industrial manufacturing processes have resulted in retrieving real-time data through Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) systems. In this study, a remotely operated low-cost and robust WSN system was developed to monitor and collect real-time hydrologic data from a small agricultural watershed in harsh weather conditions and upland rolling topography of Southern Ontario, Canada. The WSN system was assembled using off-the-shelf hardware components, and an open source operating system was used to minimize the cost. The developed system was rigorously tested in the laboratory and the field and found to be accurate and reliable for monitoring climatic and hydrologic parameters. The soil moisture and runoff data for 7 springs, 19 summer, and 19 fall season rainfall events over the period of more than two years were successfully collected in a small experimental agricultural watershed situated near Elora, Ontario, Canada. The developed WSN system can be readily extended for the purpose of most hydrological monitoring applications, although it was explicitly tailored for a project focused on mapping the Variable Source Areas (VSAs) in a small agricultural watershed.

Automated Soil Moisture Monitoring Wireless Sensor Network for Long-Term Cal/Val Applications

The design and development of a wireless sensor network for soil moisture measurement in an unlevelled 10 km × 10 km area, is described. It was specifically deployed for the characterization of a reference area, in campaigns of calibration and validation of the space mission SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity), but the system is easily extensible to monitor other climatic or environmental variables, as well as to other regions of ecological interest. The network consists of a number of automatic measurement stations, strategically placed following soil homogeneity and land uses criteria. Every station includes acquisition, conditioning and communication systems. The electronics are battery operated with the help of solar cells, in order to have a total autonomous system. The collected data is then transmitted through long radio links, with ling ranges above 8 km. A standard PC linked to internet is finally used in order to control the whole network, to store the data, and to allow the remote access to the real-time data.

Inter-Data Commonality Detection for Spectrum Monitoring in Wireless Sensor Networks

Cooperative spectrum monitoring with multiple sensors has been deemed as an efficient mechanism for improving the monitoring accuracy and enlarging the monitoring area in wireless sensor networks.However,there exists redundancy among the spectrum data collected by a sensor node within a data collection period,which may reduce the data uploading efficiency.In this paper,we investigate the inter-data commonality detection which describes how much two data have in common.We define common segment set and divide it into six categories firstly,then a method to measure a common segment set is conducted by extracting commonality between two files.Moreover,the existing algorithms fail in finding a good common segment set,so Common Data Measurement(CDM)algorithm that can identify a good common segment set based on inter-data commonality detection is proposed.Theoretical analysis proves that CDM algorithm achieves a good measurement for the commonality between two strings.In addition,we conduct an synthetic dataset which are produced randomly.Numerical results shows that CDM algorithm can get better performance in measuring commonality between two binary files compared with Greedy-String-Tiling(GST)algorithm and simple greedy algorithm.

Monitoring continuous k-nearest neighbor queries in the hybrid wireless network

In a mobile/pervasive computing environment,one of the most important goals of monitoring continuous spatial queries is to reduce communication cost for location-updates.Existing work uses many cellular wireless connections,which would easily become the performance bottleneck of the overall system.This paper introduces a novel continuous kNN query monitoring method to reduce communication cost in the hybrid wireless network,where the moving objects in the wireless broadcasting system construct the ad-hoc network.Simulation results prove the efficiency of the proposed method,which leverages the wireless broadcasting channel as well as the WiFi link to alleviate the burden on the cellular uplink communication cost.

Sea Route Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Network Based on the Data Compression Algorithm

The wireless sensor network （WSN） plays an important role in monitoring the environment near the harbor in order to make the ships nearby out of dangers and to optimize the utilization of limited sea routes. Based on the historical data collected by the buoys with sensing capacities, a novel data compression algorithm called adaptive time piecewise constant vector quantization （ATPCVQ） is proposed to utilize the principal components. The proposed system is capable of lowering the budget of wireless communication and enhancing the lifetime of sensor nodes subject to the constrain of data precision. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is verified by using the practical data in Qinhuangdao Port of China.

A LOCAL DYNAMIC CLUSTER SELF-ORGANIZATION ALGORITHM IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS FOR RAINFALL MONITORING

Wireless Sensor Networks for Rainfall Monitoring (RM-WSNs) is a sensor network for the large-scale regional and moving rainfall monitoring,which could be controlled deployment. Delivery delay and cross-cluster calculation leads to information inaccuracy by the existing dynamic collabo-rative self-organization algorithm in WSNs. In this letter,a Local Dynamic Cluster Self-organization algorithm (LDCS) is proposed for the large-scale regional and moving target monitoring in RM-WSNs. The algorithm utilizes the resource-rich node in WSNs as the cluster head,which processes target information obtained by sensor nodes in cluster. The cluster head shifts with the target moving in chance and re-groups a new cluster. The target information acquisition is limited in the dynamic cluster,which can reduce information across-clusters transfer delay and improve the real-time of information acquisition. The simulation results show that,LDCS can not only relieve the problem of "too frequent leader switches" in IDSQ,also make full use of the history monitoring information of target and con-tinuous monitoring of sensor nodes that failed in DCS.

Human condition monitoring in hazardous locations using pervasive RFID sensor tags and energy-efficient wireless networks

Tracking persons in dangerous situations as well as monitoring their physical condition, is often crucial for their safety. The systems commonly used for this purpose do not include individual monitoring or are too expensive and intrusive to be deployed in common situations. In this project, a mobile system based on energy-efficient wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and active radio frequency identification (RFID) has been developed to achieve ubiquitous positioning and monitoring of people in hazardous situations. The system designed can identify each individual, locate him/her, send data regarding their physical situation, and ascertain whether they are located in a confined space. A new algorithm called time division double beacon scheduling (TDDBS) has been implemented to increase operation time and data transmission rate of the nodes in the system. The results show that the use of this system allows us to find the location and state of a person, as well as to provide an analysis of the potential risks at each moment, in real time and in an energy-efficient way. In an emergency, the system also allows for quicker intervention, as it not only provides the location and causes of the event, but also informs about the physical condition of the individual at that moment.

Sub-1 GHz Network-Based Wireless Bridge-Monitoring System:Feature and Verification

Traditional bridge monitoring systems often require wired connections between sensors,a data acquisition system,and data center.The use of extension wires,conduits,and other costly accessories can dramatically increase the total cost of bridge monitoring.With the development of wireless technologies and the notable cost benefits,many researchers have been integrating wireless networks into bridge monitoring system.In this study,a wireless bridge monitoring system has been developed based on the Sub-1 GHz network.The main functional components of this system include sensors,wireless nodes,gateway and data center.Wireless nodes can convert analog signals obtained from the sensors to digital signals,then transmit the collected data to the gateway using the Sub1 GHz network.The gateway receives and sorts data from different wireless nodes and then forwards these data to the data center wirelessly.All collected data are processed in the data center using the data processing software developed in this study.In order to validate the performance of the wireless system developed in this study,a steel girder bridge was monitored in the field during the concrete deck construction.The field results were also compared with the theoretical values obtained from finite element models to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the wireless system.The results indicate that the wireless bridge monitoring system developed in this study is effective and affordable.The Sub-1 GHz network can be a better solution for bridges with complicated site conditions because of the extended data transmission distance.Although the power consumption can be controlled by using low-power consumption components,including the power control in software design can also dramatically reduce the system’s power consumption.

Lossy nodes inference based on end-to-end passive monitoring in wireless sensor networks

This paper presents a passive monitoring mechanism, loss）, nodes inference （LoNI）, to identify loss）, nodes in wireless sensor network using end-to-end application traffic. Given topology dynamics and bandwidth constraints, a space-efficient packet marking scheme is first introduced. The scheme uses a Bloom filter as a compression tool so that path information can bc piggybacked by data packets. Based on the path information, LoNI then adopts a fast algorithm to detect lossy nodes. The algorithm formulates the inference problem as a weighted set-cover problem and solves it using a greedy approach with low complexity. Simulations show that LoNI can locate about 80% of lossy nodes when lossy nodes are rare in the network. Furthermore, LoNI performs better for the lossy nodes near the sink or with higher loss rates.