Virus spreading in wireless sensor networks with a medium access control mechanism

In this paper, an extended version of standard susceptible-infected （SI） model is proposed to consider the influence of a medium access control mechanism on virus spreading in wireless sensor networks. Theoretical analysis shows that the medium access control mechanism obviously reduces the density of infected nodes in the networks, which has been ignored in previous studies. It is also found that by increasing the network node density or node communication radius greatly increases the number of infected nodes. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.

Mobility Conscious Medium Access Control Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Conceptual Approach

Mobility in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) presents distinctive challenges in Medium Access Control (MAC) scheme. Numerous MAC protocols for sensor networks assume that sensor nodes are static and focus primarily on energy efficiency. This work seeks to develop an improved mobility conscious medium access control scheme for wireless sensor networks with a view to enhance energy conservation on mobile sensor nodes. On this note, mobility patterns of different scenarios are modelled using Gauss Markov Mobility Model (GMMM) to determine the position and distance of the sensor nodes and how they are correlated in time.

深海无人航行器双向无线充电系统的涡流损耗分析与效率优化

无线电能传输(WPT)技术在深海无人航行器(AUUS)领域中应用逐渐广泛,相比于空气介质的无线充电而言,海水介质中无线充电产生的涡流损耗严重降低了能量传输效率。该文提出一种采用一次侧和二次侧移相策略的双边LCC水下WPT系统,降低海水介质中的涡流损耗,提高系统效率。通过研究两线圈电流相位差对海水介质的涡流损耗的影响,建立合成感生电场模型,计算合成感生电场的分布和涡流损耗。在其他条件不变时,增大两线圈电流的相位差,会使线圈间各点处的合成感生电场幅值下降,使涡流损耗在总损耗的占比中下降,提高能量传输效率。通过对比在空气介质和海水介质中的损耗与线圈间电流相位差之间的关系,可以得到海水介质中无线充电时的最大效率点的电流相位差。相比于空气介质而言,在海水介质中无线充电的最大效率点处,线圈间的电流相位差增大。在深海双向双边LCC无线充电系统中,仅需增大两侧逆变电压相位差,即可增大线圈间电流相位差,进而提高系统效率。实验中搭建了200 V/3.5 kW级水下无线充电样机,通过增大两侧逆变器之间相位差,实现了91.5%的最大效率传输,比不采用移相策略时的效率提升了0.8%,证实了理论分析结果的正确性与可行性。

波浪水槽中毫米波雷达跨介质通信实验研究

利用毫米波雷达探测由水下设备声波激励的水面微幅波有望实现水下设备对外无线跨介质通信。水面波动效应研究对实现基于毫米波雷达微幅波探测的跨介质通信具有重要价值。针对此,文中在波浪水槽中对二进制相移键控和二进制频移键控调制信号跨介质通信开展了实验,测试分析了不同幅度水面波动对跨介质通信的影响,评估了基于空间分集技术的通信性能。实验结果表明,中等水面波动对毫米波雷达跨介质通信性能的影响最小,基于多通道合并的空间分集技术能提升波动水面上的跨介质通信质量。文中的研究可为基于毫米波雷达微幅波探测的跨介质通信技术在波动水面实际应用提供参考。

5G环境下具有介质访问控制感知的无线网络编码方案

为优化5G无线网络环境下单波流的网络编码,提出一种具有介质访问控制(MAC)感知的随机线性网络编码方案。由于流间网络编码假设条件是即时解码和反馈信道可靠,其在5G环境下不多常见。因此,所提方案使用随机化处理方式,从有限域GF(2)中均匀随机地选择出数据包变量,源节点不需要采集来自接收器的反馈帧,通过优化MAC开销来缓解数据包相关信息的影响。在TelosB motes试验台进行验证,结果表明,对于单跳数据发布和多跳无线路由,所提方案使用Block ACK握手,可以高效采集反馈信息,且能够大幅降低数据包传输时间,最高降低42%。

基于无线传感网的中小型水电站泄水闸门自动控制方法

为解决现有控制方法在中小型水电站泄水闸门控制中剩余水量超出安全范围且流量较大的问题,本文提出一种基于无线传感网的中小型水电站泄水闸门自动控制方法。采用无线传感器网络采集实时水位数据,使用簇首节点对簇群中的所有边缘节点进行数据融合,将这些数据传送给协调器。利用小波包分解法提取闸门异常的特征,获得信号的子空间信号能量。计算信号子空间的异常值,确定需要控制的目标。运用PID法调整控制参数,获得最优指标参数。根据规则进行修正完成自动调节闸门控制。实验结果表明,实验组的剩余水量在安全范围10~20t之间;编号E1~E8的阀门随着开度值的变化,其流量均在65t之内,达到了预期目标。能够精准控制阀门开度,合理调整水流通过阀门的流量,使其能够达到安全目标。

Performance Analysis of WLAN Medium Access Control Protocols in Simulcast Radio-Over-Fiber-Based Distributed Antenna Systems

The performance of three wireless local-area network(WLAN) media access control(MAC) protocols is investigated and compared in the context of simulcast radioover-fiber-based distributed antenna systems(RoF-DASs) where multiple remote antenna units(RAUs) are connected to one access point(AP) with different-length fiber links.The three WLAN MAC protocols under investigation are distributed coordination function(DCF) in basic access mode,DCF in request/clear to send(RTS/CTS) exchange mode,and point coordination function(PCF).In the analysis,the inter-RAU hidden nodes problems and fiber-length difference effect are both taken into account.Results show that adaptive PCF mechanism has better throughput performances than the other two DCF modes,especially when the inserted fiber length is short.

A Survey on Real-Time MAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

As wireless sensor network becomes pervasive, new requirements have been continuously emerged. How-ever, the most of research efforts in wireless sensor network are focused on energy problem since the nodes are usually battery-powered. Among these requirements, real-time communication is one of the big research challenges in wireless sensor networks because most of query messages carry time information. To meet this requirement, recently several real-time medium access control protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks in the literature because waiting time to share medium on each node is one of main source for end-to-end delay. In this paper, we first introduce the specific requirement of wireless sensor real-time MAC protocol. Then, a collection of recent wireless sensor real-time MAC protocols are surveyed, classified, and described emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages whenever possible. Finally we present a dis-cussion about the challenges of current wireless sensor real-time MAC protocols in the literature, and show the conclusion in the end.

An IEEE 802.15.4 Based Adaptive Communication Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network: Application to Monitoring the Elderly at Home

Monitoring behaviour of the elderly and the disabled living alone has become a major public health problem in our modern societies. Among the various scientific aspects involved in the home monitoring field, we are interested in the study and the proposal of a solution allowing distributed sensor nodes to communicate with each other in an optimal way adapted to the specific application constraints. More precisely, we want to build a wireless network that consists of several short range sensor nodes exchanging data between them according to a communication protocol at MAC (Medium Access Control) level. This protocol must be able to optimize energy consumption, transmission time and loss of information. To achieve this objective, we have analyzed the advantages and the limitations of WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) technologies and communication protocols currently used in relation to the requirements of our application. Then we proposed a deterministic, adaptive and energy saving medium access method based on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer and a mesh topology. It ensures the message delivery time with strongly limited collision risk due to the spatial reuse of medium in the two-hop neighbourhood. This proposal was characterized by modelling and simulation using OPNET network simulator. Finally we implemented the proposed mechanisms on hardware devices and deployed a sensors network in real situation to verify the accuracy of the model and evaluate the proposal according to different test configurations.

Energy-Efficieng MAC Protocols for Wireless Body Area Networks: A Survey

In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of key energy-efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). At the outset, we outline the crucial attributes of a good MAC protocol for WBAN. Several sources that contribute to the energy inefficiency of WBAN are identified, and features of the various MAC protocols qualitatively compared. Then, we further investigate some representative TDMA-based energy-efficient MAC protocols for WBAN by emphasizing their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we conclude with a number of open research issues with regard to WBAN MAC layer.

Link Layer Correction Techniques and Impact on TCP’s Performance in IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks

TCP performance degrades when end-to-end connections extend over wireless links which are characterized by high Bit Error Rate and intermittent connectivity. Such degradation is mainly accounted for TCP’s unnecessary congestion control actions while attempting TCP loss recovery. Several independent link loss recovery approaches are proposed by researchers to reduce number of losses visible at TCP. In this paper we first presented a survey of loss mitigation techniques at wireless link layer. Secondly performance evaluation for TCP through Type 0 Automatic Retransmission Request mechanism in erroneous Wireless LAN is presented. In particular, simulations are performed taking into account the wireless errors introduced over IEEE 802.11 link using a well-established 2-State Markov model. TCP performance is evaluated under different settings for maximum link retransmissions allowed for each frame. Simulation results show that, link retransmission improves TCP performance by reducing losses perceived at TCP sender. However, such improvement is often associated with adverse effect on other TCP parameters that may cost a lot in return under extreme network conditions. In this paper an attempt is made to observe impact of link retransmissions on the performance of multiple TCP flows competing with each other. The analysis presented in this paper signifies the scope for maximizing TCP’s throughput at the least possible cost.

MAC Layer Resource Allocation for Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless body area networks （WBANs） can provide low-cost, timely healthcare services and are expected to be widely used for e-healthcare in hospitals. In a hospital, space is often limited and multiple WBANs have to coexist in an area and share the same channel in order to provide healthcare services to different patients. This causes severe interference between WBANs that could significantly reduce the network throughput and increase the amount of power consumed by sensors placed on the body. There-fore, an efficient channel-resource allocation scheme in the medium access control （MAC） layer is crucial. In this paper, we devel-op a centralized MAC layer resource allocation scheme for a WBAN. We focus on mitigating the interference between WBANs and reducing the power consumed by sensors. Channel and buffer state are reported by smartphones deployed in each WBAN, and channel access allocation is performed by a central controller to maximize network throughput. Sensors have strict limitations in terms of energy consumption and computing capability and cannot provide all the necessary information for channel allocation in a timely manner. This deteriorates network performance. We exploit the temporal correlation of the body area channel in order to minimize the number of channel state reports necessary. We view the network design as a partly observable optimization prob-lem and develop a myopic policy, which we then simulate in Matlab.

智能弹药无线电能传输装置设计

为实现跨介质环境下智能弹药与发射平台的电气互联,并满足电气接口可靠连接及分离、电气防短路、密封、耐海洋环境等条件,对跨介质智能弹药无线电能传输技术应用进行分析,设计了一种单发射组件跨多介质能与上下两个方向上的两台接收组件同时传输接收能量的装置,对该装置的控制电源与脉冲电源耦合机构进行仿真建模,对收、发线圈磁场分布、功效特性等进行仿真计算。结果表明,该装置设计能够满足无线能量传输的功率与效率要求,可对无线电能传输技术在跨介质智能弹药上的工程化应用提供理论依据。

广播电视中短波无线发射系统的功率控制与资源管理

随着我国经济的发展,社会现代化建设在稳步推进。无线电作为信息时代的一项重要技术,在经济社会和人们日常生活中有着广泛应用。无线电频谱作为稀缺的、不可再生的公共资源,支撑着依靠无线电发展的众多产业。如何有效地利用和管理无线电频谱资源,是当前的一大研究重点。以广播电视所用频谱范围为例,提出无线发射系统中功率控制与资源管理的相关建议,以实现无线电频谱在广播电视领域的高效使用和可持续发展。

基于光无线通信的传输与接入方案

光无线通信作为一种新兴的通信技术,能够有效解决传统无线通信中频谱资源短缺、传输效率低等问题。随着数字化社会的快速发展,社会各界对高速、稳定、安全的通信需求不断增加,促使光无线通信成为研究热点。主要探讨光无线传输与接入方案的关键问题,包括大气传输介质的影响、传输损耗的分析、波长和调制技术的选择、多用户接入技术、接入点部署与选择算法、多址接入与干扰管理以及通信安全性等内容。通过对这些关键问题的研究,可以为光无线通信的性能优化、应用扩展、网络安全提供有力支持,从而推动光无线通信技术的进一步发展。

基于动态p-坚持的无线媒质访问控制算法

针对无线网络中的媒质访问控制存在的不足,提出了一种新的算法。该算法基于动态p-坚持算法,其核心思想采用虚拟传输或虚拟线程,目标是为动态p-坚持算法提供更多的信息以获得最佳传输概率,提高无线带宽的利用效率。仿真表明,新算法平均提高吞吐量约27%,平均降低碰撞率约28%。

一种提供时延QoS保障的无线网络MAC协议

本文从提高系统工作效率的角度出发,提出了一种基于无争用集中控制的忙队列周期查询(BQPO)控制协议.该协议为时延QoS要求较高的无线终端提供了稳定可靠的保障,通过系统建模分析获得了系统的信息分组平均等待时间的解析结果.仿真实验结果表明理论分析和仿真实验的一致性与合理性,与PCF控制方式相比,BQPO协议具有更好的稳定性和时延QoS保障.

一种自适应无线局域网协议

研究了无线局域网IEEE802.11协议的DCF(distributed coordination function)接入方式,在建模基础上进行算法改进,提出了一种新的节点自适应链路碰撞的退避算法NSAD(new self-adaptive DCF algorithm).大量的仿真实验表明,所提出的算法在吞吐量、公平性、丢包等方面较原DCF协议都有显著提高.

WiFi射频接收性能的测试方法

WiFi手机是一种新兴的基于WiFi技术的VOIP手机,但其覆盖范围受到接收灵敏度的制约,所以对其接收性能的测试与分析是非常关键的技术.提出并通过实验验证了一种适用于多种芯片的WiFi射频接收性能测试方法,并在实际应用中获得了良好的效果.

IEEE 802.11无线网络中基于同步竞争窗口的退避算法

针对IEEE 802.11标准中引用的传统的二进制指数退避算法(BEB)在解决信道接入冲突时,网络碰撞概率较大且站点公平性较差的问题,提出一种基于同步竞争窗口的退避算法(SCW)。该算法中,网络内所有站点跟踪当前网络的传输情况,当检测到信道状态发生变化时,各站点停止退避并根据信道当前监测到的信道状态自适应地调整竞争窗口大小,然后通过重置该竞争窗口使得所有站点在下一次信道竞争时具有相同竞争窗口大小,即所有站点的信道介入概率相同。仿真结果表明,随着站点个数的变化,SCW算法的公平性指数接近于1且一直保持稳定;而且当网络站点个数较多(36个左右)时,SCW算法的网络吞吐率比传统BEB算法提高了约11%,时延降低了6%。所提算法能够有效地提高了网络吞吐率和时延性能,同时具有更高的网络公平性,因此有利于实际应用中对传输速率和时延有较高需要的业务的传输,尤其适用于节点密集部署的高速率无线网络中。