A Multi-Hop Dynamic Path-Selection (MHDP) Algorithm for the Augmented Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), the lifetime of sensors is the crucial issue. Numerous schemes are proposed to augment the life time of sensors based on the wide range of parameters. In majority of the cases, the center of attraction will be the nodes’ lifetime enhancement and routing. In the scenario of cluster based WSN, multi-hop mode of communication reduces the communication cast by increasing average delay and also increases the routing overhead. In this proposed scheme, two ideas are introduced to overcome the delay and routing overhead. To achieve the higher degree in the lifetime of the nodes, the residual energy (remaining energy) of the nodes for multi-hop node choice is taken into consideration first. Then the modification in the routing protocol is evolved (Multi-Hop Dynamic Path-Selection Algorithm—MHDP). A dynamic path updating is initiated in frequent interval based on nodes residual energy to avoid the data loss due to path extrication and also to avoid the early dying of nodes due to elevation of data forwarding. The proposed method improves network’s lifetime significantly. The diminution in the average delay and increment in the lifetime of network are also accomplished. The MHDP offers 50% delay lesser than clustering. The average residual energy is 20% higher than clustering and 10% higher than multi-hop clustering. The proposed method improves network lifetime by 40% than clustering and 30% than multi-hop clustering which is considerably much better than the preceding methods.

非均匀网络中半径可调的ARDV-Hop定位算法

针对无线传感网络中传统DV-Hop(Distance Vector Hop)定位算法节点分布不均匀导致定位误差较大的问题,提出了非均匀网络中半径可调的ARDV-Hop(Adjustable Radius DV-Hop in Non-uniform Networks)定位算法。该算法通过半径可调的方式对节点间的跳数进行细化,用细化后呈小数级的跳数代替传统的整数级跳数,并建立了数据能量消耗模型,优化了网络传输性能。ARDV-Hop算法还针对节点分布不均匀的区域提出跳距优化算法:在节点密度大的区域,采用余弦定理优化跳距;密度小的区域,采用最小均方误差(Least Mean Square,LMS)来修正跳距。仿真实验表明,在同等网络环境下,与传统DV-Hop算法、GDV-Hop算法和WOA-DV-Hop算法相比,ARDV-Hop算法能更有效地降低定位误差.

Analysis of Hops Length in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are provided with a limited source of power. The lifetime of such networks is an overwhelming matter in most network applications. This lifetime depends strongly on how efficiently such energy is distributed over the nodes especially during transmitting and receiving data. Each node may route messages to destination nodes either through short hops or long hops. Optimizing the length of these hops may save energy, and therefore extend the lifetime of WSNs. In this paper, we propose a theorem to optimize the hop’s length so to make WSN power consumption minimal. The theorem establishes a simple condition on hop’s length range. Computer simulation when performing such condition on Mica2 sensors and Mica2dot sensors reveals good performance regarding WSNs energy consumption.

基于分类平均跳距的无线传感器网络节点CADV-Hop定位方法

针对原型DV-Hop定位算法中平均跳距的计算产生较大定位误差的问题,提出了一种分类平均跳距的CADV-Hop算法。首先,揭示了无线传感网络中不同跳数路径的单跳距离分布不一致的现象,并分析了这种差异出现的原因与规律。其次,按照跳数对信标间路径分类再计算各类路径平均跳距的分类平均跳距。最后,在分类平均跳距所提供未知节点与最近信标节点之间更精确距离估计的基础上,结合加权最小二乘法最终实现节点坐标解算。仿真实验表明,CADV-Hop算法在不增加算法复杂度以及额外硬件的情况下有效地降低了定位误差,随着信标节点数量增加,CADV-Hop算法比原型DV-Hop算法和两种改进的DV-Hop算法具有更高的定位精度。

Multihop Deterministic Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks MDR

The inception of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has brought convenience into many lives with uninterrupted wireless network. The nodes that transmit data consist of heterogeneous and battery equipped sensor nodes (SNs) that are deployed randomly for network surveillance. To manage the random deployment of nodes, clustering algorithms are used with efficient routing protocols. This results in aggregation and dropping of redundant data packets that enables flawless data transmission from cluster nodes to Base Station (BS) via Cluster Heads (CHs). In this paper, a dynamic and multi-hop clustering and routing protocol for thorough behavior analysis is proposed, taking distance and energy into consideration. This forms a smooth routing path from the cluster nodes, CHs, Sub-CHs to the BS. On comparing proposed process with the existing system, experimental analysis shows a significant enhancement in the performance of network lifetime, with improved data aggregation, throughput, as the protocol showing deterministic behavior while traversing the network for data transmission, we name this protocol as Multi-hop Deterministic energy efficient Routing protocol (MDR).

Hop distance fairness for wireless mesh network based on queue management

Wireless mesh network （WMN） is a new multi-hop network for broadband accessing to intemet. However, there exists a server unfairness problem based on different hop distances in WMN. To solve this problem, the unfairness issue was analyzed in test-bed experiment and NS2 simulation. A dynamic queue management scheme E-QMMN was proposed, which allocates the queue buffer according to the hop distance of every flow. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can not only increase the hop distance fairness of the legacy scheme at most 50%, but also reduce the average round trip time at least 29% in congested WMN environments.

基于多应用场景的改进DV-Hop定位模型

针对距离矢量跳(DV-Hop)定位模型定位精度低、优化策略场景依赖性强的问题,提出一种基于函数分析和模拟定参的改进DV-Hop模型——函数修正距离矢量跳(FuncDV-Hop)定位模型。首先,分析DV-Hop模型的平均跳距、距离估计和最小二乘法中的误差原因,引入待定系数优化、阶跃函数分段实验、带等效点的权重函数策略和极大似然估计修正;其次,考虑多应用场景,用控制变量法,分别将总节点数、信标节点比例、通信半径、信标节点数和待测节点数作为变量,设计对照实验;最后,进行仿真定参和整合优化测试两阶段实验,最终的改进策略较原DV-Hop模型的定位精度提高了23.70%~75.76%,平均优化率57.23%。实验结果表明,FuncDV-Hop模型的优化率最高达到了50.73%,与基于遗传算法和神经动力学改进的DV-Hop模型相比,FuncDV-Hop模型的优化率提升了0.55%~18.77%。所提模型不引入其他参量,不增加无线传感器网络(WSN)的协议开销,且有效提高定位精度。

THROUGHPUT ANALYSIS OF TWO-HOP WIRELESS NETWORKS WITH NETWORK CODING

A Two-hop Wireless Network (TWN) is the basic topology structure that provides network coding opportunity for improving throughput. Network coding on a homogeneous TWN, in which all the data flows have the same packet size and all the links have the same transmission rate, has been extensively investigated. In this paper, network coding on more practical heterogeneous TWNs, featured by various packet sizes and transmission rates, is studied. Based on the Markov model, the throughput of the proposed network coding scheme, together with the throughput gain, is derived, which matches the simulation results very well. Numerical analyses indicate that, encoding the packets with close size and close transmission rate and enlarging buffer size at the relay node help in improving the throughput gain.

基于改进麻雀搜索算法的3DDV-Hop定位算法

针对经典3DDV-Hop算法定位精度不高的问题,提出一种基于改进麻雀搜索算法优化的改进的3DDV-Hop算法;算法首先通过多通信半径优化传感器节点之间跳数,并且在平均跳距计算过程中引入动态加权因子提高平均跳距计算精度,其次在麻雀搜索算法的基础上融合反向学习策略与萤火虫算法分别对麻雀搜索算法的种群与位置更新迭代进行优化,最后将未知节点坐标计算问题转化成改进后的麻雀搜索算法寻优问题,利用改进后的麻雀搜索算法替代最小二乘法计算未知节点坐标,进一步提高未知节点位置计算精度;经过MATLAB仿真验证,改进算法对比于经典3DDV-Hop算法和相关算法,定位精度得到有效提高。

基于螺旋更新策略蜜獾优化的DV-Hop定位算法

节点定位是无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSNs)的关键技术之一。针对传统距离向量跳段(Distance Vector Hop,DV-Hop)算法定位误差偏大的问题,提出了一种改进蜜獾算法(Honey Badger Algorithm,HBA)与DV-Hop相结合的算法。首先,针对网络平均跳距估计不准的问题,依据锚节点比例对未知节点平均跳距进行分段修正。其次,采用改进型的HBA替换最小二乘法估算未知节点的位置,进一步降低计算误差。初始化蜜獾个体时引入Sobol序列,增加初始种群的多样性;为了加强HBA的局部搜索能力,引入了螺旋更新策略。最后,采用镜像策略规避估算位置越界的情况。结果表明,所提算法相较于传统DV-Hop算法、平均跳距修正的DV-Hop算法和基于粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,POS)的DV-Hop算法具有更高的定位精度和稳健性。

无线传感器网络DV-Hop定位算法的改进

在无线传感器网络中,节点定位占有极其重要的一席之地。无需测距方案中的DV-Hop算法因其计算简单易于实现得到广泛应用。传统DV-Hop算法不能够提供相对好的定位精度,为了保证定位的准确性,文章对DV-Hop算法进行了优化。在优化算法中,采用加权误差修正锚节点的估计平均跳距使其更加接近实际值,之后采用二维双曲线算法代替三边法或最小二乘算法确定接近实际位置的待测节点坐标。仿真结果验证了文章提出算法在无线传感器网络中定位的准确性。

多半径误差修正自适应布谷鸟优化DV-HOP定位算法

针对WSN节点定位中非测距DV-HOP算法存在较大定位误差,提出了一种多通信半径误差修正自适应布谷鸟优化DV-HOP定位算法(MEACS-D).采用锚节点多通信半径广播消息,在跳数计数时将跳数小数化,以减小跳数长短不一造成的误差;再用虚拟相交圆几何方法计算1跳内节点与锚节的距离;通过在未知节点选择平均跳距时,加入各个锚节点权重进行计算来减少平均跳距误差;另引入可自适应搜索步长的布谷鸟算法代替极大似然估计法来定位节点坐标,以提高定位精度.通过仿真,在不同锚节点、通信半径、总节点条件下MEACS-D算法较DV-HOP算法和原布谷鸟DV-HOP算法(CS-D)算法定位误差平均下降39.7%、10.6%,证明MEACS-D算法能有效减少定位误差.

基于DV-Hop定位算法的改进研究

在无线传感器网络DV-Hop定位算法中,网络平均跳距离的估算是决定定位精度的重要因素之一。传统的DV-Hop定位算法只考虑了最近一个锚节点估计的平均跳距,从而导致定位误差较大。为了提高节点定位精度,在原算法基础上提出了一种改进算法,考虑使用多个锚节点估算的平均跳距离并且采用加权平均跳距代替传统算法中的平均跳距。仿真实验结果表明,在相同的网络环境下,改进后的算法能有效地减少跳距计算带来的定位误差,提高定位精度。

基于RSSI每跳分级和跳距修正的DV-HOP改进算法

针对DV-HOP(distance vector hop)算法的定位精度对节点间跳数信息依赖性较强的特点,提出一种基于接收信号强度指示(received signal strength indicator,RSSI)每跳分级和平均跳距修正的DV-HOP改进算法RADV-HOP(RSSI and average hopping distance modifying DV-HOP)。仿真结果表明:在相同的网络环境里,与传统DV-HOP算法相比,RADV-HOP定位算法仅需节点通信芯片带有RSSI指示功能及增加少量的计算和通信开销,不需要额外的硬件开销,将每跳分为3个子级时,归一化定位误差能下降65%;与其他DV-HOP修正算法相比,RADV-HOP算法以相同的通信开销和稍微增加的计算开销使定位误差下降了45%。

无线传感器网络中DV-Hop节点定位改进算法研究

介绍了无线传感器网络中DV-Hop算法的定位原理、误差来源。针对DV-Hop算法在未知节点到信标节点距离计算中的不足,在分析信标节点间估计距离与真实距离误差的基础上,提出了改进算法。改进算法修正了网络平均每跳距离与未知节点估计坐标的区域范围。仿真结果表明,在相同的网络环境下,改进算法的定位精度得到明显提高。

无线传感器网络DV-Hop定位算法的改进

DV-Hop定位算法利用跳数乘以平均每跳跳距估算节点间距离,针对算法过程存在缺陷导致定位误差较大的问题,在不改变原算法的步骤,也不需要额外增加硬件设备的条件下,从两个方面对传统DV-Hop定位算法进行了改进：一是基于节点的通信半径对节点间的跳数进行修正;二是借助信标节点间的估计距离与实际距离的偏差对平均每跳跳距进行修正。仿真实验表明,在相同的网络环境下,改进后的算法与传统算法相比定位误差减少了15%左右;与另外一种利用估算出的理想跳数值对信标节点间的实际跳数值进行修正的改进算法相比,定位误差也有5%~7%的降低。实验结果表明所提出的改进算法能更有效地降低节点间的距离估算误差,提高定位精度。

基于跳数区域划分的DV-Hop改进算法

DV-Hop节点定位算法使用跳数乘以平均每跳跳距估算节点间的距离,而平均每跳跳距的估算精确度与网络的拓扑结构、节点密度、节点通信半径等参数都有关系。针对DV-Hop算法过程存在的不足,为减少定位误差,本文提出了一种基于跳数区域划分的DV-Hop改进算法,引入了RSSI测距技术和限跳机制,优化参与定位的信标节点组合,采用多次三边测量法,最后用质心法确定未知节点坐标。MATLAB仿真测试表明,在相同的检测环境下,改进后的算法与其他改进算法相比,能更有效地降低定位误差,提高定位精度。

基于跳数修正的DV-Hop改进算法

针对无线传感器网络DV-Hop定位算法在实际应用中定位误差较大的问题,提出一种基于跳数修正的改进算法。在引入限跳机制的条件下,按未知节点与信标节点间的跳数值分类估算,对1跳区域内的节点采用RSSI测距技术,对于节点间跳数值大于1跳的节点,则利用信标节点间实际距离与估计距离的误差值修正平均每跳距离。仿真实验表明,在相同的网络条件下,与原DV-Hop定位算法和其他改进算法相比,改进后的算法能更有效地减少跳距估算带来的定位误差,提高平均定位精度并保持较好的算法稳定性。

一种基于误差距离加权与跳段算法选择的遗传优化DV-Hop定位算法

针对DV-Hop(Distance Vector-Hop)定位算法存在较大定位误差的问题,该文提出了一种基于误差距离加权与跳段算法选择的遗传优化DV-Hop定位算法,即WSGDV-Hop定位算法。改进算法用基于误差与距离的权值处理锚节点的平均每跳距离;根据判断的位置关系选择适合的跳段距离计算方法;用改进的遗传算法优化未知节点坐标。仿真结果表明,WSGDV-Hop定位算法的性能明显优于DV-Hop定位算法,减小了节点定位误差、提高了算法定位精度。