An IEEE 802.15.4 Based Adaptive Communication Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network: Application to Monitoring the Elderly at Home

Monitoring behaviour of the elderly and the disabled living alone has become a major public health problem in our modern societies. Among the various scientific aspects involved in the home monitoring field, we are interested in the study and the proposal of a solution allowing distributed sensor nodes to communicate with each other in an optimal way adapted to the specific application constraints. More precisely, we want to build a wireless network that consists of several short range sensor nodes exchanging data between them according to a communication protocol at MAC (Medium Access Control) level. This protocol must be able to optimize energy consumption, transmission time and loss of information. To achieve this objective, we have analyzed the advantages and the limitations of WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) technologies and communication protocols currently used in relation to the requirements of our application. Then we proposed a deterministic, adaptive and energy saving medium access method based on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer and a mesh topology. It ensures the message delivery time with strongly limited collision risk due to the spatial reuse of medium in the two-hop neighbourhood. This proposal was characterized by modelling and simulation using OPNET network simulator. Finally we implemented the proposed mechanisms on hardware devices and deployed a sensors network in real situation to verify the accuracy of the model and evaluate the proposal according to different test configurations.

Time Delay Characteristic of Industrial Wireless Networks Based on IEEE 802.15.4a

The IEEE 802.15.4a standard provides a framework for low-data-rate communication systems,typically sensor networks.In this paper,we established a realistic environment for the time delay characteristic of industrial network based on IEEE 802.15.4a.Several sets of practical experiments are conducted to study its various features,including the effects of 1） numeral wireless nodes,2） numeral data packets,3） data transmissions with different upper-layer protocols,4） physical distance between nodes,and 5） adding and reducing the number of the wireless nodes.The results show that IEEE 802.15.4a is suitable for some industrial applications that have more relaxed throughput requirements and time-delay.Some issues that could degrade the network performance are also discussed.

Novel MAC Layer Proposal for URLLC in IndustrialWireless Sensor Networks

Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications(URLLC) has become a fundamental focus of future industrial wireless sensor net-works(IWSNs). With the evolution of automation and process control in industrial environments, the need for increased reliabilityand reduced latencies in wireless communications is even pronounced. Furthermore, the 5G systems specifically target the URLLCin selected areas and industrial automation might turn into a suitable venue for future IWSNs, running 5G as a high speed inter-process linking technology. In this paper, a hybrid multi-channel scheme for performance and throughput enhancement of IWSNsis proposed. The scheme utilizes the multiple frequency channels to increase the overall throughput of the system along with theincrease in reliability. A special purpose frequency channel is defined, which facilitates the failed communications by retransmis-sions where the retransmission slots are allocated according to the priority level of failed communications of different nodes. Ascheduler is used to formulate priority based scheduling for retransmission in TDMA based communication slots of this channel.Furthermore, in carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance(CSMA/CA) based slots, a frequency polling is introducedto limit the collisions. Mathematical modelling for performance metrics is also presented. The performance of the proposed schemeis compared with that of IEEE802.15.4e, where the performance is evaluated on the basis of throughput, reliability and the num-ber of nodes accommodated in a cluster. The proposed scheme offers a notable increase in the reliability and throughput over theexisting IEEE802.15.4e Low Latency Deterministic Networks(LLDN) standard.

Performance Analysis of Wireless Sensor Network Based on OPNET

The wireless sensor network is a new hot spot in the field of wireless network. Compared with other network technology, wireless sensor network has less communication protocols, mainly including Wireless HART, ISA100.11a, IEEE1451, and ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4. IEEE802.15.4 was designed for short-range, low-complexity, low-power, low-rate and low-cost wireless network which provides two-way wireless communication technology [1]. In this paper, the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 is analyzed based on OPNET simulator. The simulation result indicates the influence of ACK mechanism and different network load on the system performance,i.e. end-to-end delay, packet reception ratio and throughout of node, which provides an important theoretical basis for the construction of actual network.

Priority-Based CCA Periods for Efficient and Reliable Communications in Wireless Sensor Networks

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard utilizes the CSMA-CA mechanism to control nodes’ access to the shared wireless communication medium. CSMA-CA implements the Binary Exponential Backoff (BEB) algorithm by which a node refrains from sending any packet before the expiry of its backoff period. After that, the node is required to sense the medium for two successive time slots to assert that the medium is clear from any ongoing transmissions (this is referred to as Clear Channel Assessment (CCA)). Upon finding the medium busy, the node doubles its backoff period and repeats that process. While effective in reducing the likelihood of collisions, this approach takes no measures to preserve the priorities among the nodes contending to access the medium. In this paper we propose the Priority-Based BEB (PB-BEB) algorithm in which we enhance BEB such that nodes’ priority is preserved. We provide a simulation study to examine the performance of PB-BEB. Our simulations show that the latter not only outperforms BEB in terms of fairness, but also show promising results in terms other parameters like channel utilization, reliability, and power conservation.

非饱和态802.15.4网络吞吐量建模分析

IEEE802.15.4是目前无线传感器网络中的主要协议,实际应用中由于无线传感器网络的工作特点,这类802.15.4网络多工作于非饱和态,而现有的对其建模研究通常假设网络处于饱和态。在分析时隙CSMA/CA的IEEE802.15.4MAC协议基础上,使用M/C/1/K排队系统理论,建立了新的Markov链模型。并在此基础上,推导出网络的吞吐量表达式。仿真结果表明,该模型能准确反映网络吞吐量的变化。

基于IEEE802.15.4标准的无线传感器网络

设计实现了一种基于IEEE802.15.4标准的无线传感器网络,传感器对周围的环境进行监测,内嵌的单片机对数据进行处理,通过基于IEEE802.15.4标准的无线模块进行无线传输,构成一个无线传感器网络。对无线传感器的结构设计和无线传输网络的具体实现过程进行了阐述,最后,给出了实验数据,并进行了分析。

基于IEEE 802.15.4的无线传感器网络性能分析

通过将IEEE 802.15.4标准中的超帧与无线传感器网络的LEACH协议结合,在星型网络拓扑下,网络节点通过申请超帧中的GTS来进行无冲突的数据通信,对使用GTS传输数据的这一过程进行了研究,从理论上分析了无线传感器网络的网络性能。仿真结果说明了网络控制参数对网络性能的影响,为今后无线传感器网络应用中的参数配置提供了一定的理论基础。

双射频多信道802.15.4传感器网络节点性能研究

随着传感器网络中节点密度的增大和跳数的增加,单信道802.15.4网络容量急剧下降,一种有效的解决方法是为网络中每个节点装配多个射频。介绍了双射频多信道802.15.4传感器网络节点的设计,详细分析了链式拓扑中单跳和多跳802.15.4网络吞吐量的理论上限,最后对单跳和多跳802.15.4网络吞吐量和时延进行了实际测量。结果表明,使用多射频多信道方案能够显著提高网络性能。

移动Sink传感网中基于IEEE 802.15.4的拓扑控制与路由

针对查询驱动的移动Sink无线传感器网络,基于IEEE 802.15.4标准,提出了一个联合簇树组网和移动路由的跨层协议设计方案。以能耗、网络连通度、负载均衡和子树深度等指标为评价因子,在多目标优化模型下定义了一个拓扑综合评价函数,构建稳定的最优簇树网络结构;改进了IEEE 802.15.4 MAC中基于信标帧调度的分布式睡眠同步算法,维护较低占空比下的网络同步与拓扑修正;利用拓扑形成过程中依"最早信标帧"、"最好链路"、"最小层次"3种准则确立的父子关系,建立移动Sink与N-Hop范围内节点的双向路由路径。最终将上述MAC层的拓扑控制方案与网络层的查询路由方法完整实现于TinyOS协议栈中。实验结果表明,评价函数能够有效地反映组网质量,N-Hop后验式路由结合睡眠同步机制,在"最好链路"拓扑下表现出较高的能量效率。

基于802.15.4的无线传感器网络查询质量优化算法

在簇形结构的无线传感器网络中,针对基本单元簇,在IEEE802.15.4协议的MAC层讨论查询质量的优化问题。建立了以查询质量为目标,带宽限制为约束条件的优化模型,并提出了动态规划法和查询质量因子动态更新算法相结合的动态查询质量保证算法。仿真实验表明,该方法能提高IEEE802.15.4的实时带宽利用率,减少查询响应时间,并能根据不同的查询质量要求提供相应的服务。

基于IEEE802.15.4的无线传感器网络的设计与实现

利用基于IEEE 802.15.4的IP-Link1200模块,设计并实现了能够实时接入现有蜂窝网络的无线传感器网络的验证系统。该方案工作于900 MHz或1 800 MHz的GSM(全球移动通信系统)网络的SMS(短消息业务)平台,把从目标区域采集到的温湿度参数传送给位于远程的任务管理中心。用户只需用普通的支持短消息的手机,向任务管理中心发送固定格式的短消息,就可以实时地获得任意一指定节点的温湿度参数。另外,也可以通过Internet打印历史报表。

IEEE 802.15.4协议无线传感器网络干扰测试

在IEEE 802.15.4协议与WLAN局域网系统共存情况下,对IEEE 802.15.4协议下射频层的抗干扰性能进行实验研究。使用TI射频芯片CC2430,根据课题目的设计节点间的无线通信程序,解决了针对研究IEEE 802.15.4通信协议抗干扰性能研究需要解决的关键技术问题:DMA控制器的数据传输方式、接收节点从寄存器读取RSSI值、发送节点发送功率循环改变、发送节点及接收节点的信道循环改变并同步。根据CC2430提供的信道质量参数对不同条件下的IEEE 802.15.4抗干扰性能进行实验测试并对实验结果进行数据分析,综合测量数据,给出多种典型情况下干扰影响的定量分析。同时,分析了影响射频层丢包率的因素及其与接收信号强度指示RSSI的相关性。

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC 的分析与性能评估

本文针对无线传感网络中如何提高网络的传输性能的问题,提出了对不同的网络拓扑结构采用不同的传输方式。在分析了网络中两种不同的网络结构:"树形"结构及"网形"结构的基础上,运用NS2网络仿真软件,重点分析了在信标使能和非信标使能两种不同的传输方式下,通过改变发包速率来仿真两种不同网络结构中的分组投递率(丢包率)、平均端到端延时和路由开销等网络性能参数。实验结果表明,对不同的网络拓扑结构,有针对性地采用不同的传输方式确实可以提高其传输性能。

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC协议分析与仿真评估

分析论述IEEE802.15.4MAC层协议,运用ns2仿真软件详细分析对等网、星型网及簇树网的网络性能,重点分析节点的能量损耗问题,并对簇树网中节点的平均剩余能量分布加以详细分析。

基于功率控制的IEEE 802.15.4算法在无线传感器网络中的应用

高效节能是大规模无线传感器网络首要关注的问题,IEEE 802.15.4标准因其低速率低成本低功耗高质量,被认为是无线传感器网络和无线个域网的理想实现技术。研究出将功率控制机制引入到该标准中可以进一步节约能耗:功率控制可以从直接的降低发送能量和间接的减少碰撞两个角度节约能耗,是一种有效的节能机制。仿真实验表明,引入功率控制后在较高超帧阶下可以节约能耗达50%左右。

支持异构数据通信的IEEE 802.15.4实时带宽分配算法

IEEE 802.15.4协议的GTS分配机制能够支持实时和延迟约束的应用,目前已经应用于医疗健康、工业控制和楼宇自动化等物联网领域。但是,在高速实时异构数据传输应用中仍然存在局限性,它不能解决多于7个设备需要实时服务、时延约束小于超帧长度以及不同周期异构数据传输等问题。为了摆脱这些限制,提出一种新的支持异构数据通信的IEEE 802.15.4实时带宽分配算法,其根据不同周期任务的数据传输信息,调整部分传输任务的发送时间。性能分析显示,该算法可以严格遵循时延约束条件,满足异构数据通信,提高带宽利用率,提升整个网络的性能。

IEEE 802.15.4协议性能分析及能耗研究

通过分析IEEE 802.15.4标准数据传输方式,利用NS2工具对星型网、对等网及簇树网在信标使能和非信标使能模式下的网络性能进行仿真,结果显示了通信速率的增加、信标级数的改变及信标使能节点的变化对端到端延时、投递率等性能指标的影响,在网络中各类节点的能量损耗问题上,通过计算节点的能量消耗,对网络中节点的平均剩余能量分布加以分析。仿真分析结果为在应用中更好的配置协议和信标级数,达到更可靠、节能的效果提供了理论基础。

IEEE 802.15.4协议在GAINS-Z节点上的移植

本文基于CHIPCON公司提供的基于IEEE 802.15.4的MAC层和PHY层代码对中国科学院(宁波所)研发的GAINS-Z节点硬件进行了软件移植。并组建一星型拓扑无线传感器网络,实现网络协调器(PAN Coordinator)和设备节点(Device)之间的数据传输,验证了移植的正确性。

基于IEEE802.15.4标准的无线多跳网络的研究与实现

IEEE 802.15.4标准是针对短距离、低速率、低功耗和低成本设备设计的短距离无线通讯协议,定义了低速无线个域网的MAC层和物理层规范,在分析低速无线个域网规范的基础上,设计并实现了一个兼容ZigBee规范的无线多跳网络.