For the business washing machine industry, most are currently using traditional manual service (the way cost is high, inefficient, low degree of intelligence) of the status quo. The wireless intelligent business laund...For the business washing machine industry, most are currently using traditional manual service (the way cost is high, inefficient, low degree of intelligence) of the status quo. The wireless intelligent business laundry service system based on ESP8266 communication module is developed, which has the Wechat payment function and realizes the automatic control service of the washing machine. Firstly, the laundry wireless terminal will send a laundry request to the laundry control center when the customer is ready to wash. Secondly, after receiving the laundry request, control center will send WeChat Public Accounts, idle washing machine number and charges, as well as laundry service time and other information back to the wireless terminal to generate payment QR code. And then the customer scans QR code, when the control center receives the information that payment is successful, the system will automatically control the washing machine to complete the laundry service work. After testing, the system has the advantages of accurate control, low energy consumption, strong stability, accurate data transmission, low cost, strong practicability, and is conducive to promoting the development of the business laundry industry.展开更多
Initially as an extension of cloud computing, fog computing has been inspiring new ideas about moving computing tasks to the edge of networks. In fog, we often repeat the procedure of placing services because of the g...Initially as an extension of cloud computing, fog computing has been inspiring new ideas about moving computing tasks to the edge of networks. In fog, we often repeat the procedure of placing services because of the geographical distribution of mobile users. We may not expect a fixed demand and supply relationship between users and service providers since users always prefer nearby service with less time delay and transmission consumption. That is, a plug-and-play service mode is what we need in fog. In this paper, we put forward a dynamic placement strategy for fog service to guarantee the normal service provision and optimize the Quality of Service (QoS). The simulation results show that our strategy can achieve better performance under metrics including energy consumption and end-to-end latency. Moreover, we design a real Plug-and-Play Fog (PnPF) based on Raspberry Pi and OpenWrt to provide fog services for wireless multimedia networks.展开更多
This paper is concerned with constructing a prototype intelligent home environment for home service robot. In this environment, multi-pattern information can be represented by some intelligent artificial marks. Light-...This paper is concerned with constructing a prototype intelligent home environment for home service robot. In this environment, multi-pattern information can be represented by some intelligent artificial marks. Light-packs service robots can provide reliable and intelligent service by interacting with the environment through the wireless sensor networks. The intelligent space consists the following main components: smart devices with intelligent artificial mark;home server that connects the smart device and maintains the information through wireless sensor network;and the service robot that perform tasks in collaboration with the environment. In this paper, the multi-pattern information model is built, the construction of wireless sensor networks is presented, the smart and agilely home service is introduced. Fi- nally, the future direction of intelligent space system is discussed.展开更多
In the study of intelligent space oriented to home service robot, an important technology is how to construct an communication network which has the characters of high reliability and easy building. In this paper, bas...In the study of intelligent space oriented to home service robot, an important technology is how to construct an communication network which has the characters of high reliability and easy building. In this paper, based on the characteristics of ZigBee protocol, ZigBee technology is used to construct a wireless sensor and actor network. Several intelligent services based on ZigBee wireless sensor and actor network are shown to certify the reliability of this communication network. ZigBee wireless sensor and actor network builds an information bridge for the components in the intelligent space, the spatially distributed devices are connected together seamlessly. With this network, robot can share the mass information in the intelligent space and improve its performance with 'light-packs', devices in intelligent space, such as lamp, curtain can be controlled autonomously.展开更多
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are required to provide different levels of Quality of Services (QoS) based on the type of applications. Providing QoS support in wireless sensor networks is an emerging area of researc...Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are required to provide different levels of Quality of Services (QoS) based on the type of applications. Providing QoS support in wireless sensor networks is an emerging area of research. Due to resource constraints like processing power, memory, bandwidth and power sources in sensor networks, QoS support in WSNs is a challenging task. In this paper, we discuss the QoS requirements in WSNs and present a survey of some of the QoS aware routing techniques in WSNs. We also explore the middleware approaches for QoS support in WSNs and finally, highlight some open issues and future direction of research for providing QoS in WSNs.展开更多
The growing demand of usage of wireless sensors applications in different aspects makes the quality-of-service (QoS) to be one of paramount issues in wireless sensors applications. Quality of service guarantee in wire...The growing demand of usage of wireless sensors applications in different aspects makes the quality-of-service (QoS) to be one of paramount issues in wireless sensors applications. Quality of service guarantee in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is difficult and more challenging due to the fact that the resources available of sensors and the various applications running over these networks have different constraints in their nature and requirements. Traditionally quality of service was focused on network level with concern in metrics such as delay, throughput, jitter e.c.t. In this paper we present appropriate metrics of QoS for WSN which involve service, reliability and availability which ultimately facilitating in archiving qualitable service. We discuss the reverse look of QoS and hence present mathematically the three significant quality factors that should currently be taken into account in developing WSNs application quality services namely, availability, reliability and serviceability. We run experiments incorporating these three phenomenons (reliability, availability and serviceability—RAS) to demonstrate how to attain QoS which effectively improve reliability of the overall WSNs.展开更多
Wireless sensor and actuator network is the key technology of service robot intelligent space. This paper is concerned with design and implementation of a ZigBee based wireless sensor and actuator network (hereinafter...Wireless sensor and actuator network is the key technology of service robot intelligent space. This paper is concerned with design and implementation of a ZigBee based wireless sensor and actuator network (hereinafter referred to as ZWSAN), which has been applied in our service robot intelligent space successfully. Firstly, a simplified ZigBee stack applied to ZWSAN is proposed and the primitives of the stack are illustrated after a short overview of ZigBee protocols. Then the implementation of hardware module and software stack is introduced in detail as well as several representative devices integrated into ZWSAN, including environmental sensors for environmental perception, home devices controllers for device control, embedded speech recognition module for speech control, IMU module for abnormal behaviors detection and laser robot control for service robot navigation. An application example is described to demonstrate how the devices in ZWSAN to provide service cooperatively. Finally, we conclude this paper and discuss the future directions.展开更多
This paper presents an add-on Class of Service (CoS) layer for wireless mesh networks. The proposed protocol is applicable for contention-based MACs and is therefore compatible with most of the Wireless Local Area Net...This paper presents an add-on Class of Service (CoS) layer for wireless mesh networks. The proposed protocol is applicable for contention-based MACs and is therefore compatible with most of the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) protocols. The protocol has a locally centralized control for managing data flows, which either reserve a fixed bandwidth or are weighted by fair scheduling. The protocol reduces transmission collisions, thus improving the overall throughput. IEEE 802.11 adhoc WLAN has been taken as a platform for simulations and prototyping for evaluating the protocol performance. Network Simulator Version 2 (NS2) simulations show that the CoS protocol efficiently differentiates bandwidth, supports bandwidth reservations, and reaches less than 10 ms transfer delay on IEEE 802.11b WLAN. Testing with a full prototype implementation verified the performance of the protocol.展开更多
Decoupling of revenues with network traffic and extreme penetration of expenses in wireless network leads to the critical situation for wireless service providers (WSP), as more wireless network is complex due to its ...Decoupling of revenues with network traffic and extreme penetration of expenses in wireless network leads to the critical situation for wireless service providers (WSP), as more wireless network is complex due to its heterogeneity in the context of planning, software & hardware installation, radio parameters setting, drive testing, optimization, healing and maintenance. These operations are time-consuming, labor & budget-intensive and error-prone if activated manually. Hence new approaches have to be designed and applied to meet those demands in a cost-effective way, Self-organizing networks (SON), is a promising approach to handle manual tasks with autonomous manners. More specifically the self-directed functions (self-planning, self-deployment, self-configuration, self-optimization and self-healing) are aid to reduce capital expenditure (CAPEX), implementation expenditure (IMPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX). In this study, first we investigate the aforementioned impact factors of cost combined with self-functions. Then, we analyze the relative cost benefits causing from deploying the SON functions, using the economical method to have more precise results concerning those potential benefits. At last, the result shows that there is a significant difference in expenses and revenues of WSP with and without SON after enabling self-functions in wireless network.展开更多
In order to guarantee the overall return on investment (ROI), improve user experience and quality of service (QoS), save energy, reduce electra magnetic interference (EMI) and radiation pollution, and enable the susta...In order to guarantee the overall return on investment (ROI), improve user experience and quality of service (QoS), save energy, reduce electra magnetic interference (EMI) and radiation pollution, and enable the sustainable deployment of new profitable applications and services in heterogeneous wireless networks coexistence reality, this paper proposes a cross-network cooperation mechanism to effectively share network resources and infrastructures, and then adaptively control and match multi-network energy distribution characteristics according to actual user/service requirements in different geographic areas. Some idle or lightly-loaded base stations (BS or BSs) will be temporally turned off for saving energy and reducing EMI. Initial simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the overall energy efficiency and QoS performance across multiple cooperative wireless networks.展开更多
This article introduces the Push-to-talk over Cellular( PoC) service, a new mobile value-added service based on the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Its implementation scheme is discussed and its Session Initiation Prot...This article introduces the Push-to-talk over Cellular( PoC) service, a new mobile value-added service based on the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Its implementation scheme is discussed and its Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) signaling exchange flow is described. Target user groups are predicted based on the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the PoC service. The article purports that the PoC system could undoubtedly be used as a platform for new services such as multimedia messaging, instant messaging, presence, and picture receiving and sending. Just like the short message service, the PoC service will help the terminal vendors, equipment vendors, content providers and operators setup a win-for-all industrial value chain.展开更多
Wideband Wireless Mobile Internet (WWMI) has become one of the most important technologies for Modern Service. The Modern Service information communication multi-access network can easily realize the new operation mod...Wideband Wireless Mobile Internet (WWMI) has become one of the most important technologies for Modern Service. The Modern Service information communication multi-access network can easily realize the new operation modes formed by various Modern Service support systems. We think that under the new operation modes, the charges on calling and information will become more negligible, while the charge on services provided by the direct service support of various Modern Service platforms will turn into a major revenue source. It is suggested that the operators build an operation service support platform with common services to cooperate with thousands of information websites, help clients to transform information into profit and carry out operations and services.展开更多
In order to enhance the area throughput of next generation wireless local area network(WLAN)in high density scenarios,orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA)has been adopted as one of the key technologies...In order to enhance the area throughput of next generation wireless local area network(WLAN)in high density scenarios,orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA)has been adopted as one of the key technologies in the next generation WLAN communication standards.However,the performance of the existing media access control(MAC)degrades significantly under unsaturated services.Therefore,this paper proposes a multi-user parallel contention channel MAC(MU-MAC)based on unsaturated services,which can effectively reduce the channel access conflict and improve the OFDMA access efficiency of cluster member nodes.On this basis,MU-MAC is enhanced for the spatial clustering group(SCG)formation protocol and support for the unsaturated service characteristics.Further,the optimal access radius when the service is in a non-saturated state is analyzed to make the relevant theoretical analysis more generally,and the expressions for the throughput and area throughput of the proposed protocol are modeled and derived.The simulation results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the efficiency of the protocol performance.The results show that MU-MAC outperforms IEEE 802.11ax and OMAX protocol in area throughput by 40.72%and 104.15%,respectively.展开更多
In every network,delay and energy are crucial for communication and network life.In wireless sensor networks,many tiny nodes create networks with high energy consumption and compute routes for better communication.Wir...In every network,delay and energy are crucial for communication and network life.In wireless sensor networks,many tiny nodes create networks with high energy consumption and compute routes for better communication.Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)is a very complex scenario to compute minimal delay with data aggregation and energy efficiency.In this research,we compute minimal delay and energy efficiency for improving the quality of service of any WSN.The proposed work is based on energy and distance parameters as taken dependent variables with data aggregation.Data aggregation performs on different models,namely Hybrid-Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(H-LEACH),Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH),and Multi-Aggregator-based Multi-Cast(MAMC).The main contribution of this research is to a reduction in delay and optimized energy solution,a novel hybrid model design in this research that ensures the quality of service in WSN.This model includes a whale optimization technique that involves heterogeneous functions and performs optimization to reach optimized results.For cluster head selection,Stable Election Protocol(SEP)protocol is used and Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems(PEGASIS)is used for driven-path in routing.Simulation results evaluate that H-LEACH provides minimal delay and energy consumption by sensor nodes.In the comparison of existing theories and our proposed method,HLEACH is providing energy and delay reduction and improvement in quality of service.MATLAB 2019 is used for simulation work.展开更多
物联网无线服务系统(wireless service system,WSS)是以通用的协议标准实现人与物、物与物相连的实时网络交互系统.该系统在设备中嵌入无线传感器节点以实现数据上传和决策下发,但传感器节点的同构性特点使得蠕虫传播问题日益严重.为此...物联网无线服务系统(wireless service system,WSS)是以通用的协议标准实现人与物、物与物相连的实时网络交互系统.该系统在设备中嵌入无线传感器节点以实现数据上传和决策下发,但传感器节点的同构性特点使得蠕虫传播问题日益严重.为此,在对现有蠕虫传播的流行病模型进行分类并总结各类模型特点的基础上,首先提出了具有睡眠状态和隔离状态的流行病模型,定义了系统中节点的状态转换关系;其次,依据节点的射频通信距离,确定了具有实际传染能力的感染节点数量及范围;再次,引入蠕虫与无线服务系统的目标成本函数,给出了基于目标成本值的完全信息动态微分博弈模型;然后,证明了该博弈存在鞍点策略,利用状态变量、协状态变量和汉密尔顿函数求解鞍点策略并设计了保证目标成本值最优的防御策略算法;最后,仿真实现本算法与2种蠕虫防御策略算法,通过各状态节点的变化特点及目标成本值的对比实验进行性能评估.实验结果表明:基于改进流行病模型的最优防御算法在抑制无线服务系统蠕虫传播方面有明显优势.展开更多
OA系统的广泛使用,带给工作极大便利的同时,经常会出现本机资料已经修改,而原始文档通过邮件发给上级领导未得到修改,或者发给多人时出现修改情况不一致,利用Sharepoint Server 2003构建团队知识平台,以满足对信息的实时性、共享性的更...OA系统的广泛使用,带给工作极大便利的同时,经常会出现本机资料已经修改,而原始文档通过邮件发给上级领导未得到修改,或者发给多人时出现修改情况不一致,利用Sharepoint Server 2003构建团队知识平台,以满足对信息的实时性、共享性的更高需求,在现代化班组建设中有较高实用价值。展开更多
文摘For the business washing machine industry, most are currently using traditional manual service (the way cost is high, inefficient, low degree of intelligence) of the status quo. The wireless intelligent business laundry service system based on ESP8266 communication module is developed, which has the Wechat payment function and realizes the automatic control service of the washing machine. Firstly, the laundry wireless terminal will send a laundry request to the laundry control center when the customer is ready to wash. Secondly, after receiving the laundry request, control center will send WeChat Public Accounts, idle washing machine number and charges, as well as laundry service time and other information back to the wireless terminal to generate payment QR code. And then the customer scans QR code, when the control center receives the information that payment is successful, the system will automatically control the washing machine to complete the laundry service work. After testing, the system has the advantages of accurate control, low energy consumption, strong stability, accurate data transmission, low cost, strong practicability, and is conducive to promoting the development of the business laundry industry.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP16K00117, JP19K20250 and KDDI Foundation
文摘Initially as an extension of cloud computing, fog computing has been inspiring new ideas about moving computing tasks to the edge of networks. In fog, we often repeat the procedure of placing services because of the geographical distribution of mobile users. We may not expect a fixed demand and supply relationship between users and service providers since users always prefer nearby service with less time delay and transmission consumption. That is, a plug-and-play service mode is what we need in fog. In this paper, we put forward a dynamic placement strategy for fog service to guarantee the normal service provision and optimize the Quality of Service (QoS). The simulation results show that our strategy can achieve better performance under metrics including energy consumption and end-to-end latency. Moreover, we design a real Plug-and-Play Fog (PnPF) based on Raspberry Pi and OpenWrt to provide fog services for wireless multimedia networks.
文摘This paper is concerned with constructing a prototype intelligent home environment for home service robot. In this environment, multi-pattern information can be represented by some intelligent artificial marks. Light-packs service robots can provide reliable and intelligent service by interacting with the environment through the wireless sensor networks. The intelligent space consists the following main components: smart devices with intelligent artificial mark;home server that connects the smart device and maintains the information through wireless sensor network;and the service robot that perform tasks in collaboration with the environment. In this paper, the multi-pattern information model is built, the construction of wireless sensor networks is presented, the smart and agilely home service is introduced. Fi- nally, the future direction of intelligent space system is discussed.
文摘In the study of intelligent space oriented to home service robot, an important technology is how to construct an communication network which has the characters of high reliability and easy building. In this paper, based on the characteristics of ZigBee protocol, ZigBee technology is used to construct a wireless sensor and actor network. Several intelligent services based on ZigBee wireless sensor and actor network are shown to certify the reliability of this communication network. ZigBee wireless sensor and actor network builds an information bridge for the components in the intelligent space, the spatially distributed devices are connected together seamlessly. With this network, robot can share the mass information in the intelligent space and improve its performance with 'light-packs', devices in intelligent space, such as lamp, curtain can be controlled autonomously.
文摘Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are required to provide different levels of Quality of Services (QoS) based on the type of applications. Providing QoS support in wireless sensor networks is an emerging area of research. Due to resource constraints like processing power, memory, bandwidth and power sources in sensor networks, QoS support in WSNs is a challenging task. In this paper, we discuss the QoS requirements in WSNs and present a survey of some of the QoS aware routing techniques in WSNs. We also explore the middleware approaches for QoS support in WSNs and finally, highlight some open issues and future direction of research for providing QoS in WSNs.
文摘The growing demand of usage of wireless sensors applications in different aspects makes the quality-of-service (QoS) to be one of paramount issues in wireless sensors applications. Quality of service guarantee in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is difficult and more challenging due to the fact that the resources available of sensors and the various applications running over these networks have different constraints in their nature and requirements. Traditionally quality of service was focused on network level with concern in metrics such as delay, throughput, jitter e.c.t. In this paper we present appropriate metrics of QoS for WSN which involve service, reliability and availability which ultimately facilitating in archiving qualitable service. We discuss the reverse look of QoS and hence present mathematically the three significant quality factors that should currently be taken into account in developing WSNs application quality services namely, availability, reliability and serviceability. We run experiments incorporating these three phenomenons (reliability, availability and serviceability—RAS) to demonstrate how to attain QoS which effectively improve reliability of the overall WSNs.
文摘Wireless sensor and actuator network is the key technology of service robot intelligent space. This paper is concerned with design and implementation of a ZigBee based wireless sensor and actuator network (hereinafter referred to as ZWSAN), which has been applied in our service robot intelligent space successfully. Firstly, a simplified ZigBee stack applied to ZWSAN is proposed and the primitives of the stack are illustrated after a short overview of ZigBee protocols. Then the implementation of hardware module and software stack is introduced in detail as well as several representative devices integrated into ZWSAN, including environmental sensors for environmental perception, home devices controllers for device control, embedded speech recognition module for speech control, IMU module for abnormal behaviors detection and laser robot control for service robot navigation. An application example is described to demonstrate how the devices in ZWSAN to provide service cooperatively. Finally, we conclude this paper and discuss the future directions.
文摘This paper presents an add-on Class of Service (CoS) layer for wireless mesh networks. The proposed protocol is applicable for contention-based MACs and is therefore compatible with most of the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) protocols. The protocol has a locally centralized control for managing data flows, which either reserve a fixed bandwidth or are weighted by fair scheduling. The protocol reduces transmission collisions, thus improving the overall throughput. IEEE 802.11 adhoc WLAN has been taken as a platform for simulations and prototyping for evaluating the protocol performance. Network Simulator Version 2 (NS2) simulations show that the CoS protocol efficiently differentiates bandwidth, supports bandwidth reservations, and reaches less than 10 ms transfer delay on IEEE 802.11b WLAN. Testing with a full prototype implementation verified the performance of the protocol.
文摘Decoupling of revenues with network traffic and extreme penetration of expenses in wireless network leads to the critical situation for wireless service providers (WSP), as more wireless network is complex due to its heterogeneity in the context of planning, software & hardware installation, radio parameters setting, drive testing, optimization, healing and maintenance. These operations are time-consuming, labor & budget-intensive and error-prone if activated manually. Hence new approaches have to be designed and applied to meet those demands in a cost-effective way, Self-organizing networks (SON), is a promising approach to handle manual tasks with autonomous manners. More specifically the self-directed functions (self-planning, self-deployment, self-configuration, self-optimization and self-healing) are aid to reduce capital expenditure (CAPEX), implementation expenditure (IMPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX). In this study, first we investigate the aforementioned impact factors of cost combined with self-functions. Then, we analyze the relative cost benefits causing from deploying the SON functions, using the economical method to have more precise results concerning those potential benefits. At last, the result shows that there is a significant difference in expenses and revenues of WSP with and without SON after enabling self-functions in wireless network.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( NSFC)( No. 60902041)Chinese Academy of Sciences ( No. 2010045)the Ministry of Science and Technology( MOST) of China ( No. 2010DFB10410,No. 2009DFB13080 and No. 2009ZX03003-009)
文摘In order to guarantee the overall return on investment (ROI), improve user experience and quality of service (QoS), save energy, reduce electra magnetic interference (EMI) and radiation pollution, and enable the sustainable deployment of new profitable applications and services in heterogeneous wireless networks coexistence reality, this paper proposes a cross-network cooperation mechanism to effectively share network resources and infrastructures, and then adaptively control and match multi-network energy distribution characteristics according to actual user/service requirements in different geographic areas. Some idle or lightly-loaded base stations (BS or BSs) will be temporally turned off for saving energy and reducing EMI. Initial simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the overall energy efficiency and QoS performance across multiple cooperative wireless networks.
文摘This article introduces the Push-to-talk over Cellular( PoC) service, a new mobile value-added service based on the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Its implementation scheme is discussed and its Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) signaling exchange flow is described. Target user groups are predicted based on the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the PoC service. The article purports that the PoC system could undoubtedly be used as a platform for new services such as multimedia messaging, instant messaging, presence, and picture receiving and sending. Just like the short message service, the PoC service will help the terminal vendors, equipment vendors, content providers and operators setup a win-for-all industrial value chain.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China under Grant No.2006BAH02A03.
文摘Wideband Wireless Mobile Internet (WWMI) has become one of the most important technologies for Modern Service. The Modern Service information communication multi-access network can easily realize the new operation modes formed by various Modern Service support systems. We think that under the new operation modes, the charges on calling and information will become more negligible, while the charge on services provided by the direct service support of various Modern Service platforms will turn into a major revenue source. It is suggested that the operators build an operation service support platform with common services to cooperate with thousands of information websites, help clients to transform information into profit and carry out operations and services.
基金supported by the 13th Five-Year National Key Research and Development Plan of China (2016YFD0300609)the Outstanding Science and Technology Innovation Talents Program of Henan province (184200510008)+4 种基金Modern Agricultural Technology System Project of Henan Province (S2010-01G04)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0301105)the National Natural Science Foundations of CHINA (Grant No. 61501373, No. 61771390, No. 61771392, No. 61871322, and No. 61271279)the Henan Province Key Scientific and Technological Project (182102110291 and 222102110234)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (232300420186)
文摘In order to enhance the area throughput of next generation wireless local area network(WLAN)in high density scenarios,orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA)has been adopted as one of the key technologies in the next generation WLAN communication standards.However,the performance of the existing media access control(MAC)degrades significantly under unsaturated services.Therefore,this paper proposes a multi-user parallel contention channel MAC(MU-MAC)based on unsaturated services,which can effectively reduce the channel access conflict and improve the OFDMA access efficiency of cluster member nodes.On this basis,MU-MAC is enhanced for the spatial clustering group(SCG)formation protocol and support for the unsaturated service characteristics.Further,the optimal access radius when the service is in a non-saturated state is analyzed to make the relevant theoretical analysis more generally,and the expressions for the throughput and area throughput of the proposed protocol are modeled and derived.The simulation results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the efficiency of the protocol performance.The results show that MU-MAC outperforms IEEE 802.11ax and OMAX protocol in area throughput by 40.72%and 104.15%,respectively.
基金The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University for funding this work under the Research Collaboration Funding program Grant Code NU/RC/SERC/11/7.
文摘In every network,delay and energy are crucial for communication and network life.In wireless sensor networks,many tiny nodes create networks with high energy consumption and compute routes for better communication.Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)is a very complex scenario to compute minimal delay with data aggregation and energy efficiency.In this research,we compute minimal delay and energy efficiency for improving the quality of service of any WSN.The proposed work is based on energy and distance parameters as taken dependent variables with data aggregation.Data aggregation performs on different models,namely Hybrid-Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(H-LEACH),Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH),and Multi-Aggregator-based Multi-Cast(MAMC).The main contribution of this research is to a reduction in delay and optimized energy solution,a novel hybrid model design in this research that ensures the quality of service in WSN.This model includes a whale optimization technique that involves heterogeneous functions and performs optimization to reach optimized results.For cluster head selection,Stable Election Protocol(SEP)protocol is used and Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems(PEGASIS)is used for driven-path in routing.Simulation results evaluate that H-LEACH provides minimal delay and energy consumption by sensor nodes.In the comparison of existing theories and our proposed method,HLEACH is providing energy and delay reduction and improvement in quality of service.MATLAB 2019 is used for simulation work.
文摘物联网无线服务系统(wireless service system,WSS)是以通用的协议标准实现人与物、物与物相连的实时网络交互系统.该系统在设备中嵌入无线传感器节点以实现数据上传和决策下发,但传感器节点的同构性特点使得蠕虫传播问题日益严重.为此,在对现有蠕虫传播的流行病模型进行分类并总结各类模型特点的基础上,首先提出了具有睡眠状态和隔离状态的流行病模型,定义了系统中节点的状态转换关系;其次,依据节点的射频通信距离,确定了具有实际传染能力的感染节点数量及范围;再次,引入蠕虫与无线服务系统的目标成本函数,给出了基于目标成本值的完全信息动态微分博弈模型;然后,证明了该博弈存在鞍点策略,利用状态变量、协状态变量和汉密尔顿函数求解鞍点策略并设计了保证目标成本值最优的防御策略算法;最后,仿真实现本算法与2种蠕虫防御策略算法,通过各状态节点的变化特点及目标成本值的对比实验进行性能评估.实验结果表明:基于改进流行病模型的最优防御算法在抑制无线服务系统蠕虫传播方面有明显优势.