The environmental impact of greenhouse gases based on natural gas flaring influences the rate of gas recovery around the world. In the Republic of Congo, the natural gas reserve in 2019 is estimated at 90 billion cubi...The environmental impact of greenhouse gases based on natural gas flaring influences the rate of gas recovery around the world. In the Republic of Congo, the natural gas reserve in 2019 is estimated at 90 billion cubic meters (BCM). In this study, from the Congolese gas reserve we used five gas turbines with a capacity of 150 MW each;these five turbines consume 1.69 billion cubic meters (BCM)/year for the power of 273.750 MW and consumption of 6.57 billion kilowatt-hours. The results of this study revealed that an investment capital of 192,305,137 euros was required with a net profit of 9,581,250 euros at an annual rate of return of 4.98% with an investment payback period of approximately 20 years. This will allow the Congolese government to accomplish its policy of valuing gas and developing the country;the electricity produced by the National Petroleum Company of Congo (SNPC) will be sold to the Electrical Energy of Congo (E<sup>2</sup>C) at 0.06 euro/kWh.展开更多
Background Septal Surfing Technology （SST） is one of the most important techniques for collateral channels （CCs） crossing in retrograde chronic total occlusion （CTO） of percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）...Background Septal Surfing Technology （SST） is one of the most important techniques for collateral channels （CCs） crossing in retrograde chronic total occlusion （CTO） of percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. We ex- amined this technique＇ s usefulness in retrograde CTO-PCI cases. Methods We retrospective analyzed 728 con-secutive CTO-PCI cases from January 2014 to September 2016. One hundred and forty-two patients who had un- dergone retrograde PCIs using septal collateral channels （CCs） were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify independent predictors for SST CCs crossing success. Results The CCs crossing success rate was 89.4% during retrograde PCI. Three factors were figured out as independent predictors, includ- ing CCs tortuosity （OR 0.164, 95%CI： 0.041-0.657; P=0.011）, diameter of distal CTO lesion （2.035, 95%CI： 1.011-4.099; P=0.047） and LAD-CTO （OR 0.244, 95%CI：0.067-0.894; P=0.033）. There were complications of CCs injury in 23.2% cases and 2.1% cases had cardiac tamponade without any in-hospital death. Conclusion SST is an effective method in collateral crossing during retrograde CTO-PCI. It has high successful rate regard-less of the Werner Collateral Class of interventional collaterals, especially in invisible collaterals. This technolo- gy is feasible in daily practice of retrograde PCI.展开更多
文摘The environmental impact of greenhouse gases based on natural gas flaring influences the rate of gas recovery around the world. In the Republic of Congo, the natural gas reserve in 2019 is estimated at 90 billion cubic meters (BCM). In this study, from the Congolese gas reserve we used five gas turbines with a capacity of 150 MW each;these five turbines consume 1.69 billion cubic meters (BCM)/year for the power of 273.750 MW and consumption of 6.57 billion kilowatt-hours. The results of this study revealed that an investment capital of 192,305,137 euros was required with a net profit of 9,581,250 euros at an annual rate of return of 4.98% with an investment payback period of approximately 20 years. This will allow the Congolese government to accomplish its policy of valuing gas and developing the country;the electricity produced by the National Petroleum Company of Congo (SNPC) will be sold to the Electrical Energy of Congo (E<sup>2</sup>C) at 0.06 euro/kWh.
文摘Background Septal Surfing Technology （SST） is one of the most important techniques for collateral channels （CCs） crossing in retrograde chronic total occlusion （CTO） of percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. We ex- amined this technique＇ s usefulness in retrograde CTO-PCI cases. Methods We retrospective analyzed 728 con-secutive CTO-PCI cases from January 2014 to September 2016. One hundred and forty-two patients who had un- dergone retrograde PCIs using septal collateral channels （CCs） were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify independent predictors for SST CCs crossing success. Results The CCs crossing success rate was 89.4% during retrograde PCI. Three factors were figured out as independent predictors, includ- ing CCs tortuosity （OR 0.164, 95%CI： 0.041-0.657; P=0.011）, diameter of distal CTO lesion （2.035, 95%CI： 1.011-4.099; P=0.047） and LAD-CTO （OR 0.244, 95%CI：0.067-0.894; P=0.033）. There were complications of CCs injury in 23.2% cases and 2.1% cases had cardiac tamponade without any in-hospital death. Conclusion SST is an effective method in collateral crossing during retrograde CTO-PCI. It has high successful rate regard-less of the Werner Collateral Class of interventional collaterals, especially in invisible collaterals. This technolo- gy is feasible in daily practice of retrograde PCI.
