Xylooligosaccharides Alleviate Inflammatory Dermatoses and Related Depression-Like Behaviors in Atopic Dermatitis Mice Induced by 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene

Objective:To investigate the influence of xylooligosaccharides on skin inflammation,behavioral characteristics,neurotransmitters,and gut flora in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis(AD)induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB).Methods:The AD mouse model was created by administration of DNFB for 14 consecutive days.The scoring atopic dermatitis index,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),histopathology,and immunohistochemical analyses were used to assess inflammation and depression-like behaviors.Furthermore,high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to determine the composition of fecal microbiota.Results:Xylooligosaccharides treatment reduced the number of scratches and skin thickness,mast cell infiltration and the levels of immunoglobulin(Ig)E and T-helper cytokines compared with the AD model group.Meanwhile,xylooligosaccharides treatment reduced the immobility time of mice in the forced swimming test and increased the total movement distance and movement distance in the center area in the open-field test.Furthermore,5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine expression in the brain was increased following xylooligosaccharides treatment.Using network pharmacology,Gene Ontology analysis showed that the targets were mainly enriched in phosphatase binding and the regulation of leukocyte differentiation,which ameliorated AD mainly through the hypoxia inducible factor-1 and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B pathways.16S rRNA gene sequencing,diversity indices,and gut microbial taxonomic composition analysis showed DNFB-induced changes in intestinal microbiota diversity in AD mice.Comparative analysis indicated that xylooligosaccharides intake improved the gut microbiome by dramatically enhancing the concentration of Lactobacillus while decreasing the concentration of Bacteroides in mice.Conclusion:Xylooligosaccharides reduce inflammatory dermatosis and related depression-like behaviors via regulating intestinal homeostasis,having medicinal value as a nutritional and functional ingredient.

Treadmill exercise in combination with acousto-optic and olfactory stimulation improves cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice through the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-and Cygb-associated signaling pathways

A reduction in adult neurogenesis is associated with behavioral abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Consequently,enhancing adult neurogenesis represents a promising therapeutic approach for mitigating disease symptoms and progression.Nonetheless,nonpharmacological interventions aimed at inducing adult neurogenesis are currently limited.Although individual non-pharmacological interventions,such as aerobic exercise,acousto-optic stimulation,and olfactory stimulation,have shown limited capacity to improve neurogenesis and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease,the therapeutic effect of a strategy that combines these interventions has not been fully explored.In this study,we observed an age-dependent decrease in adult neurogenesis and a concurrent increase in amyloid-beta accumulation in the hippocampus of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice aged 2-8 months.Amyloid deposition became evident at 4 months,while neurogenesis declined by 6 months,further deteriorating as the disease progressed.However,following a 4-week multifactor stimulation protocol,which encompassed treadmill running(46 min/d,10 m/min,6 days per week),40 Hz acousto-optic stimulation(1 hour/day,6 days/week),and olfactory stimulation(1 hour/day,6 days/week),we found a significant increase in the number of newborn cells(5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive cells),immature neurons(doublecortin-positive cells),newborn immature neurons(5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive/doublecortin-positive cells),and newborn astrocytes(5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive/glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells).Additionally,the amyloid-beta load in the hippocampus decreased.These findings suggest that multifactor stimulation can enhance adult hippocampal neurogenesis and mitigate amyloid-beta neuropathology in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice.Furthermore,cognitive abilities were improved,and depressive symptoms were alleviated in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice following multifactor stimulation,as evidenced by Morris water maze,novel object recognition,forced swimming test,and tail suspension test results.Notably,the efficacy of multifactor stimulation in consolidating immature neurons persisted for at least 2weeks after treatment cessation.At the molecular level,multifactor stimulation upregulated the expression of neuron-related proteins(NeuN,doublecortin,postsynaptic density protein-95,and synaptophysin),anti-apoptosis-related proteins(Bcl-2 and PARP),and an autophagyassociated protein(LC3B),while decreasing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins(BAX and caspase-9),in the hippocampus of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice.These observations might be attributable to both the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated signaling pathway and antioxidant pathways.Furthermore,serum metabolomics analysis indicated that multifactor stimulation regulated differentially expressed metabolites associated with cell apoptosis,oxidative damage,and cognition.Collectively,these findings suggest that multifactor stimulation is a novel non-invasive approach for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Dynamic changes of behaviors, dentate gyrus neurogenesis and hippocampal miR-124 expression in rats with depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress

The depression-like behavior phenotype,neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and miR-124 expression in the hippocampus are the focus of current research on the pathogenesis of depression and antidepressant therapy.The present study aimed to clarify the dynamic changes of depression-like behavior,dentate gyrus neurogenesis and hippocampal miR-124 expression during depression induced by chronic stress to reveal pathological features at different stages of depression and to further provide insight into depression treatment.Chronic unpredictable mild stress depression models were established by exposing Sprague-Dawley rats to various mild stressors,including white noise,thermal swimming,stroboscopic illumination,soiled cages,pairing with three other stressed animals,cold swimming,tail pinch,restraint and water and food deprivation.Chronic unpredictable mild stress model rats underwent dynamic observation from 1 to 8 weeks and were compared with a control group(normal feeding without any stressors).To observe changes in the depression-like behavior phenotype during chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression,a sucrose preference test was used to evaluate the degree of anhedonia.An open-field test was used to evaluate locomotor activity and anxiety status.Compared with the control group,chronic unpredictable mild stress rats lost weight but did not have a depression-like behavioral phenotype at 1-4 weeks.Chronic unpredictable mild stress rats presented decreased sucrose preference and locomotor activity at 5-8 weeks.In addition,chronic unpredictable mild stress rats did not have significant anxiety-like behavior during 1-8 weeks of modeling.To observe neurogenesis dysfunctions and changes in neuronal number in the dentate gyrus during chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression,markers(DCX and DCX/BrdU)of neural proliferation and differentiation and the neuronal marker NeuN were assessed by immunofluorescence.Compared with the control group,neurogenesis and the neuronal number in the dentate gyrus did not change from 2 to 6 weeks;however,neural proliferation and differentiation in the dentate gyrus decreased,and the number of neurons decreased until the eighth week in the chronic unpredictable mild stress group.Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to measure the expression of hippocampal miR-124 during chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression.The results showed that the expression of hippocampal miR-124 was unchanged during the first 4 weeks but increased from 5 to 6 weeks and decreased from 7 to 8 weeks compared with the control group.These findings indicate that during chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression,the behavioral phenotype,miR-124 expression in the hippocampus,neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and neuronal numbers showed dynamic changes,which suggested that various pathological changes occur at different stages of depression.All experimental procedures and protocols were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine of China in March 2015.

Differences in cocaine-induced place preference persistence, locomotion and social behaviors between C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice

C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice display significant differences in sociability and response to drugs, but the phenotypic variability of their susceptibility to cocaine is still not well known. In this study, the differences between these two mice strains in the persistence of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference （CPP）, as well as the locomotion and social behaviors after the 24-hour withdrawal from a four-day cocaine （20 mg/kg/day） administration were investigated. The results showed that the cocaine-induced CPP persisted over two weeks in C57BL/6J mice, while it diminished within one week among BALB/cJ mice. After 24-hours of cocaine withdrawal, high levels of locomotion as well as low levels of social interaction and aggressive behavior were found in C57BL/6J mice, but no significant changes were found in BALB/cJ mice, indicating that cocaine-induced CPP persistence, locomotion and social behavior are not consistent between these two strains, and that overall C57BL/6J mice are more susceptible to cocaine than BALB/cJ mice at the tested doses.

Farmers'Willingness to Withdraw from Rural Homesteads

In order to grasp the relationship between farmers'willingness and behavior to withdraw from rural homesteads,based on the theory of planned behavior,a survey was conducted in Jizhou District,Tianjin using convenience sampling method.A total of 443 valid questionnaires were collected and they were analyzed by SPSS.The results are as follows.(i)The willingness of farmers to withdraw from rural homesteads is affected by pre-cognitive factors such as behavioral attitude,subject norm and perceived behavior control.(ii)Among the benefits that can be brought by the withdrawal of homesteads,farmers value the improvement of the housing environment the most.(iii)Family members'view and relatives and neighbors'withdrawing from homesteads also exerts greater pressure on farmers.(iv)Farmers generally lack trust in the village committees or government departments'claims.(v)The cost of relocation also restricts the perceived behavior control of farmers'homesteads withdrawing.Based on above result,the following suggestions are made:strengthening policy publicity,raising farmers'awareness of policies related to the withdrawal of homesteads,fully respecting farmers'wishes,promoting the withdrawal of rural homesteads in an orderly manner,expanding the scope of compensation for withdrawal of rural homesteads,and enriching compensation methods.

时间压力对工作退缩行为的影响机制研究

基于压力认知评价理论和调节焦点理论,通过对404个二阶段问卷样本的实证分析,探析时间压力对工作退缩行为的影响机制。研究结果表明:时间压力通过促进型调节焦点负向影响工作退缩行为,通过防御型调节焦点正向影响工作退缩行为;员工感知的过度工作氛围在时间压力与员工防御型调节焦点之间起负向调节作用,并进一步调节了防御型调节焦点的中介作用;触发工作退缩行为的前因构型包括:低收入×防御型调节焦点、时间压力×防御型调节焦点和低收入×低过度工作氛围×时间压力。

资质不足感对临床护士工作退缩行为的影响

目的探讨临床护士工作退缩行为,分析资质不足感对工作退缩行为的影响,为制订护士培养方案提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法,应用一般资料调查表、工作退缩行为量表和资质不足感量表对宁夏地区909名临床护士进行调查。结果临床护士的工作退缩行为得分为20.00(15.00,26.00)分,资质不足感得分为6.00(4.00,8.00)分。医院级别、性别、所在科室、是否热爱护理工作、工作满意度和资质不足感是影响临床护士工作退缩行为的主要因素,其中资质不足感可独立解释工作退缩行为总变异的36.0%。结论临床护士较少发生工作退缩行为,应及时识别资质不足感高危群体,帮助其发展和提升自我,降低护士资质不足感,减轻其工作退缩行为。

不合规任务对员工工作退缩行为的影响

基于情感事件理论,构建并检验被调节的中介模型,探讨不合规任务对员工工作退缩行为的影响机制。采用不合规任务量表、消极情感量表、集体主义取向量表、工作退缩行为量表对486名来自全国多个地区的员工进行匿名调查。研究结果表明:(1)不合规任务对工作退缩行为具有正向影响;(2)消极情感在不合规任务和工作退缩行为间具有部分中介作用;(3)集体主义取向对不合规任务与消极情感的关系以及对不合规任务通过消极情感影响员工工作退缩行为的间接效应均具有负向调节作用。以上结论为领导者干预不合规任务给员工带来的消极影响提供了启示:一是完善人岗匹配制度,优化人力资源配置;二是重视管理员工情绪,制定员工心理辅导计划;三是营造集体主义文化氛围,强化员工对组织的认同感。

不合规任务对酒店员工退缩行为的影响机制:一个被调节的链式中介模型

不合规任务在酒店企业中的普遍性,以及对员工的消极影响已得到初步验证。然而,现有研究大多探讨不合规任务对酒店员工绩效表现的影响,缺乏对员工消极工作行为及其整合性作用机制的关注。本研究基于资源保存理论和认知-情感人格系统理论,通过411份酒店一线员工4个时点的有效问卷数据,构建了不合规任务对员工工作退缩行为的链式中介模型,并探讨了员工学习目标导向的多路径调节作用。结果表明:不合规任务对工作退缩行为存在正向影响;工作意义感与和谐型激情在不合规任务与工作退缩行为之间起链式中介作用;学习目标导向分别削弱了不合规任务对工作意义感的负向影响,以及不合规任务对和谐型激情的负向影响,进而负向调节整个链式中介作用。研究结果揭示了不合规任务对酒店员工消极行为的多路径作用机制及其边界条件,对酒店等旅游企业应对不合规任务的负面影响具有指导意义。

认知行为治疗联合积极心理干预对酒精使用障碍伴抑郁患者的效果

目的探究认知行为治疗(CBT)联合积极心理干预对酒精使用障碍(AUD)伴抑郁患者酒精戒断反应、负性情绪以及复饮情况的影响。方法将184例AUD伴抑郁患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,各92例。对照组患者给予常规药物治疗,研究组患者在对照组基础上给予CBT联合积极心理干预。比较治疗前后两组患者修订版临床酒精戒断症状评定量表(CIWAAr)、宾夕法尼亚酒精渴求量表(PACS)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、药物成瘾者生存质量测定量表(QOL-DA)评分,并随访半年统计两组患者的复饮情况。结果对照组脱落2例,研究组脱落0例,最终对照组纳入90例,研究组纳入92例。治疗后,两组患者CIWA-Ar、PACS、HAMA、HAMD评分均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗后,两组患者QOL-DA各维度评分均高于治疗前,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.01)。随访8周、16周、24周,研究组患者复饮率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对AUD伴抑郁患者在常规药物治疗的基础上给予CBT联合积极心理干预,可有效帮助患者戒断酒精依赖,减轻其负性情绪,降低复饮率,改善生存质量。

真实型领导对工作退缩行为的影响:一个有调节的中介模型

目的:探讨真实型领导对工作退缩行为的影响以及表面顺从和心理脱离在二者关系中的作用。方法:使用真实型领导量表、表面顺从量表、心理脱离量表、工作退缩行为量表对216名企业员工进行调查。结果:①真实型领导不仅直接影响工作退缩行为(直接效应值为-0.18,95%的置信区间为[-0.35,-0.02]),还通过表面顺从的中介作用间接影响工作退缩行为(中介效应值为-0.02,95%的置信区间为[-0.05,-0.002]);②心理脱离调节了表面顺从和工作退缩行为的正向关系,心理脱离水平较高时,表面顺从和工作退缩行为的正向关系比较弱;③心理脱离对中介作用模型第二阶段的调节效应显著。当员工心理脱离水平较高时,表面顺从的中介效应并不显著(中介效应在95%的置信区间为[-0.01,0.05],包含0);当员工心理脱离水平较低时,表面顺从的中介效应显著(中介效应值为-0.05,中介效应在95%的置信区间为[-0.10,-0.01],不包含0)。并且,中介效应差异效应值显著(95%的置信区间为[0.01,0.13],不包含0)。结论:表面顺从在真实型领导与工作退缩行为关系间发挥中介作用;心理脱离水平较高时,表面顺从与工作退缩行为的关系较弱,真实型领导通过表面顺从影响工作退缩行为的间接效应也比较弱,反之亦然。

社会声望、价值感知对农户宅基地退出行为的实证分析——基于640份农户调查数据

探索农村宅基地自愿有偿退出机制,推进闲置宅基地进一步腾退和盘活,是缓解当下中国农村土地资源低效利用的重要举措。基于江西省余江区640份农户调研数据,实证分析了社会声望、价值感知对农户宅基地退出行为的影响机理,并对价值感知在社会声望与农户宅基地退出行为中的中介效应进行检验。结果表明:社会声望、价值感知均会显著正向促进农户宅基地退出行为,价值感知在社会声望与农户宅基地退出中起中介作用;受访者受教育程度越高或者为中共党员,越会显著提高农户宅基地退出行为的意愿,促使其退出行为的达成。综上,建议重视社会声望和价值感知在农户宅基地退出中的外在驱动和内在激励作用,充分发挥乡贤、知识分子以及领导干部等群体的示范效应,注重提高农户宅基地退出价值感知水平,提升农户宅基地退出意愿。

抽拉速率对定向凝固柱晶DZ4125高温合金组织及偏析行为的影响

采用Bridgman定向凝固法制备了DZ4125定向凝固高温合金,研究抽拉速率对DZ4215合金显微组织及偏析行为的影响。结果表明,随着抽拉速率的增加,合金中一次和二次枝晶间距逐渐减小;γ'相尺寸逐渐减小,且形貌由不规则立方体状、蝴蝶状向规则立方体状转变;枝晶间γ'相尺寸和数量均高于枝晶干处的。碳化物和γ+γ'共晶组织主要分布于枝晶间区域,且随着抽拉速率的提高,碳化物形貌从骨架状逐渐向长条状、块状转变,分布更加弥散、均匀。在定向凝固DZ4125合金中,Co和W为正偏析元素,Al、Ti、Ta、Mo为负偏析元素。随着抽拉速率的增加,正偏析元素的偏析程度降低,负偏析元素的偏析程度增加。

中青年血液透析患者工作退缩行为现状及影响因素分析

目的 探讨中青年血液透析患者工作退缩行为现状,并分析其影响因素。方法 于2022年2月-2023年2月,抽取潍坊市3家综合性医院首次接受血液透析且已回归工作的中青年血液透析患者213例作为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、工作退缩行为量表、家庭支持自评量表、社会支持评定量表、心理弹性量表、透析患者症状负担量表对其进行问卷调查。结果 中青年血液透析患者工作退缩行为得分为(30.09±6.26)分。多元线性回归结果显示,透析前病程持续时间、家庭支持、社会支持、心理弹性、症状负担为中青年血液透析患者工作退缩行为的独立影响因素(R2=0.548,_△R2=0.535,F=50.193,P<0.001)。结论 中青年血液透析患者存在中等程度的工作退缩行为,应从内部、外部因素出发,针对性指导患者更好地融入社会、重返工作。

农户分化、宅基地价值认知对宅基地退出意愿的影响

研究农户宅基地退出意愿及其影响因素,对于因地制宜地制定宅基地退出政策、合理引导农户有序自愿退出宅基地具有重要现实意义。基于江苏省1173份抽样数据,运用Logit模型和多重中介模型实证检验农户分化对宅基地退出意愿的直接和间接影响。研究表明:农户分化(职业分化、经济分化)对宅基地退出意愿有显著的促进作用;农户宅基地价值认知会对其退地积极性产生显著影响;农户宅基地价值认知在农户分化与宅基地退出意愿之间起到了桥梁作用,其间接效应占总效应的比例分别为22.90%、21.94%。鉴于此,应提升农民非农就业能力,拓展非农就业渠道;根据农户经济分化水平建立差别化的宅基地退出机制;加强宅基地退出政策宣传,引领农户形成对宅基地价值的合理认知。

为何在职场“躺平”:挑战性压力与工作退缩行为的关系

目的:有学者提出,职场“躺平”的表现与工作退缩行为的内涵相近。为了分析面对工作中的挑战,人们为什么没有化压力为动力而是表现为“躺平”这一问题。本研究选取工作退缩行为代表职场“躺平”行为,分析挑战性压力是如何与其建立连结的。方法:选取各行业的全职员工进行间隔1个月的测量,采用挑战性工作压力量表、情感反刍量表、问题解决反刍量表、主动性人格量表和工作退缩行为量表,共获取587份有效数据。结果:挑战性压力通过问题解决反刍负向预测工作退缩行为(B=-0.11,SE=0.05,95%CI[-0.206,-0.033]),通过情感反刍正向预测工作退缩行为(B=0.25,SE=0.08,95%CI[0.121,0.411])。主动性人格可以有效缓解挑战性压力与情感反刍间的连结(B=-0.14,SE=0.04,P<0.001)。结论:在面对工作挑战时,人们是否采取“躺平”的应对方式关键在于个体以何种方式反复思考压力。

团队绩效压力对员工退缩行为的影响:领导奖励缺失的调节作用

团队已经成为现代社会组织创造价值的必备工具。当今社会节奏加快,员工面对的团队绩效压力随之增加。基于资源保存理论和期望理论,选取团队绩效压力对员工退缩行为这一角度进行研究,同时引入领导奖励缺失这一变量,通过探究团队绩效压力和员工退缩行为的关系及其可能的影响机制,以及领导奖励缺失对团队绩效压力和员工退缩行为的影响进行研究。研究结果显示,团队绩效压力对员工退缩行为有显著的正向影响,领导奖励缺失正向调节团队绩效压力与员工退缩行为之间的关系。建议企业要关注团队绩效压力的管理,重视员工的退缩行为,充分发挥领导激励作用,从而提高员工效率,促进组织生产水平的提升。

综采工作面回撤通道围岩控制技术研究

为有效控制3205综采工作面回撤通道围岩变形,通过理论分析确定了回撤通道与采面间煤柱的失稳宽度,同时基于工程类比方式制定了回撤通道围岩控制技术方案。回撤通道掘进时采用锚网索联合支护方式,与采面间距为60 m时采用“架棚(一梁两柱、棚距1 600 mm)+贯通侧煤帮注浆”方式进行补强,在与回撤通道间距为5.25 m时,采用让压等压措施,同时在采面与回撤通道贯通时通过铺网、调整支护方式确保回撤通道围岩的稳定性。工程应用后,采面末采期间回撤通道围岩始终保持稳定,与采面贯通时回撤通道顶底板、两帮最大移近量分别为152、 96 mm,围岩变形量较小,可满足采面设备高效回撤需要。

临床护士差序氛围感知的潜在剖面分析及其工作退缩行为的差异比较

目的探讨临床护士差序氛围感知的潜在剖面类别及其对工作退缩行为的影响,以期能为临床护士的管理提供一定的参考和借鉴。方法采用方便抽样,于2023年1—4月在浙江省温州市选择2所三级甲等医院的临床护士作为研究对象,使用基本资料调查表、差序氛围感知量表和工作退缩行为量表进行问卷调查。结果392名临床护士纳入研究,临床护士差序氛围感知得分为(41.15±8.07)分。3个潜在剖面类别的模型拟合效果最佳,分别为得分较低的局内人(28.06%),中间水平的中间人(41.07%)和得分较高的局外人(30.87%);不同职称、人事关系和月收入的临床护士,其差序氛围感知水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。工作退缩行为得分为(18.13±3.39)分,不同差序氛围感知潜在类别的临床护士,其工作退缩行为的差异具有统计学意义(F=4.883,P<0.05);两两比较结果显示,局内人和中间人的工作退缩行为无统计学差异(P>0.05),而局外人与局内人、局外人与中间人之间的工作退缩行为均具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论护理管理者应关注差序氛围感知对工作退缩行为的影响,努力提升自身管理水平,创建和谐的科室工作氛围,并给予临床护士充分的支持和关心,以降低其差序氛围感知水平,减少其工作退缩行为。

分配不公正下的退缩行为:程序公正和互动公正的影响

以160名中学教师为被试,采用2×2的完全随机设计,以模拟故事(scenarios)的方法呈现刺激,研究了在职称评定中分配不公正的前提下,程序公正/不公正,互动公正/不公正对教师的退缩行为(消极怠工、拒绝帮助、离职、对校长的消极态度)的影响。结果表明,在分配不公正条件下(1)程序公正、互动公正均影响教师的消极怠工程度;(2)程序公正、互动公正均影响教师的拒绝帮助行为程度,而且交互作用显著;(3)互动公正影响教师对上司的消极态度,程序公正无显著影响;(4)程序公正和互动公正对离职意愿影响均不显著。