Hyperspectral(HS)image classification plays a crucial role in numerous areas including remote sensing(RS),agriculture,and the monitoring of the environment.Optimal band selection in HS images is crucial for improving ...Hyperspectral(HS)image classification plays a crucial role in numerous areas including remote sensing(RS),agriculture,and the monitoring of the environment.Optimal band selection in HS images is crucial for improving the efficiency and accuracy of image classification.This process involves selecting the most informative spectral bands,which leads to a reduction in data volume.Focusing on these key bands also enhances the accuracy of classification algorithms,as redundant or irrelevant bands,which can introduce noise and lower model performance,are excluded.In this paper,we propose an approach for HS image classification using deep Q learning(DQL)and a novel multi-objective binary grey wolf optimizer(MOBGWO).We investigate the MOBGWO for optimal band selection to further enhance the accuracy of HS image classification.In the suggested MOBGWO,a new sigmoid function is introduced as a transfer function to modify the wolves’position.The primary objective of this classification is to reduce the number of bands while maximizing classification accuracy.To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach,we conducted experiments on publicly available HS image datasets,including Pavia University,Washington Mall,and Indian Pines datasets.We compared the performance of our proposed method with several state-of-the-art deep learning(DL)and machine learning(ML)algorithms,including long short-term memory(LSTM),deep neural network(DNN),recurrent neural network(RNN),support vector machine(SVM),and random forest(RF).Our experimental results demonstrate that the Hybrid MOBGWO-DQL significantly improves classification accuracy compared to traditional optimization and DL techniques.MOBGWO-DQL shows greater accuracy in classifying most categories in both datasets used.For the Indian Pine dataset,the MOBGWO-DQL architecture achieved a kappa coefficient(KC)of 97.68%and an overall accuracy(OA)of 94.32%.This was accompanied by the lowest root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.94,indicating very precise predictions with minimal error.In the case of the Pavia University dataset,the MOBGWO-DQL model demonstrated outstanding performance with the highest KC of 98.72%and an impressive OA of 96.01%.It also recorded the lowest RMSE at 0.63,reinforcing its accuracy in predictions.The results clearly demonstrate that the proposed MOBGWO-DQL architecture not only reaches a highly accurate model more quickly but also maintains superior performance throughout the training process.展开更多
The distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem(DFJSP)has attracted great attention with the growth of the global manufacturing industry.General DFJSP research only considers machine constraints and ignores worke...The distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem(DFJSP)has attracted great attention with the growth of the global manufacturing industry.General DFJSP research only considers machine constraints and ignores worker constraints.As one critical factor of production,effective utilization of worker resources can increase productivity.Meanwhile,energy consumption is a growing concern due to the increasingly serious environmental issues.Therefore,the distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem with dual resource constraints(DFJSP-DRC)for minimizing makespan and total energy consumption is studied in this paper.To solve the problem,we present a multi-objective mathematical model for DFJSP-DRC and propose a Q-learning-based multi-objective grey wolf optimizer(Q-MOGWO).In Q-MOGWO,high-quality initial solutions are generated by a hybrid initialization strategy,and an improved active decoding strategy is designed to obtain the scheduling schemes.To further enhance the local search capability and expand the solution space,two wolf predation strategies and three critical factory neighborhood structures based on Q-learning are proposed.These strategies and structures enable Q-MOGWO to explore the solution space more efficiently and thus find better Pareto solutions.The effectiveness of Q-MOGWO in addressing DFJSP-DRC is verified through comparison with four algorithms using 45 instances.The results reveal that Q-MOGWO outperforms comparison algorithms in terms of solution quality.展开更多
Breast Arterial Calcification(BAC)is a mammographic decision dissimilar to cancer and commonly observed in elderly women.Thus identifying BAC could provide an expense,and be inaccurate.Recently Deep Learning(DL)method...Breast Arterial Calcification(BAC)is a mammographic decision dissimilar to cancer and commonly observed in elderly women.Thus identifying BAC could provide an expense,and be inaccurate.Recently Deep Learning(DL)methods have been introduced for automatic BAC detection and quantification with increased accuracy.Previously,classification with deep learning had reached higher efficiency,but designing the structure of DL proved to be an extremely challenging task due to overfitting models.It also is not able to capture the patterns and irregularities presented in the images.To solve the overfitting problem,an optimal feature set has been formed by Enhanced Wolf Pack Algorithm(EWPA),and their irregularities are identified by Dense-kUNet segmentation.In this paper,Dense-kUNet for segmentation and optimal feature has been introduced for classification(severe,mild,light)that integrates DenseUNet and kU-Net.Longer bound links exist among adjacent modules,allowing relatively rough data to be sent to the following component and assisting the system in finding higher qualities.The major contribution of the work is to design the best features selected by Enhanced Wolf Pack Algorithm(EWPA),and Modified Support Vector Machine(MSVM)based learning for classification.k-Dense-UNet is introduced which combines the procedure of Dense-UNet and kU-Net for image segmentation.Longer bound associations occur among nearby sections,allowing relatively granular data to be sent to the next subsystem and benefiting the system in recognizing smaller characteristics.The proposed techniques and the performance are tested using several types of analysis techniques 826 filled digitized mammography.The proposed method achieved the highest precision,recall,F-measure,and accuracy of 84.4333%,84.5333%,84.4833%,and 86.8667%when compared to other methods on the Digital Database for Screening Mammography(DDSM).展开更多
Imagery analysis is a commonly used analytical method in literary analysis.In Angela Carter’s work,the image of wolves is particularly prominent.Her“Werewolf Tetralogy”rewrites traditional culture and subverts trad...Imagery analysis is a commonly used analytical method in literary analysis.In Angela Carter’s work,the image of wolves is particularly prominent.Her“Werewolf Tetralogy”rewrites traditional culture and subverts traditional consciousness,and is the research object of many scholars.Starting from the analysis of the wolf image in The Company of Wolves,this paper uses Deleuze’s Becoming-Animal Theory to explore the construction of harmony between nature,humans and gender relations in The Company of Wolves.展开更多
Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm that has gained popularity for solving optimization problems. In GWO, the success of the algorithm heavily relies on the efficient updating of ...Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm that has gained popularity for solving optimization problems. In GWO, the success of the algorithm heavily relies on the efficient updating of the agents’ positions relative to the leader wolves. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the Grey Wolf Optimization technique and its significance in solving complex optimization problems. Building upon the foundation of GWO, we introduce a novel technique for updating agents’ positions, which aims to enhance the algorithm’s effectiveness and efficiency. To evaluate the performance of our proposed approach, we conduct comprehensive experiments and compare the results with the original Grey Wolf Optimization technique. Our comparative analysis demonstrates that the proposed technique achieves superior optimization outcomes. These findings underscore the potential of our approach in addressing optimization challenges effectively and efficiently, making it a valuable contribution to the field of optimization algorithms.展开更多
Selecting the most relevant subset of features from a dataset is a vital step in data mining and machine learning.Each feature in a dataset has 2n possible subsets,making it challenging to select the optimum collectio...Selecting the most relevant subset of features from a dataset is a vital step in data mining and machine learning.Each feature in a dataset has 2n possible subsets,making it challenging to select the optimum collection of features using typical methods.As a result,a new metaheuristicsbased feature selection method based on the dipper-throated and grey-wolf optimization(DTO-GW)algorithms has been developed in this research.Instability can result when the selection of features is subject to metaheuristics,which can lead to a wide range of results.Thus,we adopted hybrid optimization in our method of optimizing,which allowed us to better balance exploration and harvesting chores more equitably.We propose utilizing the binary DTO-GW search approach we previously devised for selecting the optimal subset of attributes.In the proposed method,the number of features selected is minimized,while classification accuracy is increased.To test the proposed method’s performance against eleven other state-of-theart approaches,eight datasets from the UCI repository were used,such as binary grey wolf search(bGWO),binary hybrid grey wolf,and particle swarm optimization(bGWO-PSO),bPSO,binary stochastic fractal search(bSFS),binary whale optimization algorithm(bWOA),binary modified grey wolf optimization(bMGWO),binary multiverse optimization(bMVO),binary bowerbird optimization(bSBO),binary hysteresis optimization(bHy),and binary hysteresis optimization(bHWO).The suggested method is superior 4532 CMC,2023,vol.74,no.2 and successful in handling the problem of feature selection,according to the results of the experiments.展开更多
Smartphones have now become an integral part of our everyday lives.User authentication on smartphones is often accomplished by mechanisms(like face unlock,pattern,or pin password)that authenticate the user’s identity...Smartphones have now become an integral part of our everyday lives.User authentication on smartphones is often accomplished by mechanisms(like face unlock,pattern,or pin password)that authenticate the user’s identity.These technologies are simple,inexpensive,and fast for repeated logins.However,these technologies are still subject to assaults like smudge assaults and shoulder surfing.Users’touch behavior while using their cell phones might be used to authenticate them,which would solve the problem.The performance of the authentication process may be influenced by the attributes chosen(from these behaviors).The purpose of this study is to present an effective authentication technique that implicitly offers a better authentication method for smartphone usage while avoiding the cost of a particular device and considering the constrained capabilities of smartphones.We began by concentrating on feature selection methods utilizing the grey wolf optimization strategy.The random forest classifier is used to evaluate these tactics.The testing findings demonstrated that the grey wolf-based methodology works as a better optimum feature selection for building an implicit authentication mechanism for the smartphone environment when using a public dataset.It achieved a 97.89%accuracy rate while utilizing just 16 of the 53 characteristics like utilizing minimum mobile resources mainly;processing power of the device and memory to validate individuals.Simultaneously,the findings revealed that our approach has a lower equal error rate(EER)of 0.5104,a false acceptance rate(FAR)of 1.00,and a false rejection rate(FRR)of 0.0209 compared to the methods discussed in the literature.These promising results will be used to create a mobile application that enables implicit validation of authorized users yet avoids current identification concerns and requires fewer mobile resources.展开更多
The Internet of Things(IoT)is a modern approach that enables connection with a wide variety of devices remotely.Due to the resource constraints and open nature of IoT nodes,the routing protocol for low power and lossy...The Internet of Things(IoT)is a modern approach that enables connection with a wide variety of devices remotely.Due to the resource constraints and open nature of IoT nodes,the routing protocol for low power and lossy(RPL)networks may be vulnerable to several routing attacks.That’s why a network intrusion detection system(NIDS)is needed to guard against routing assaults on RPL-based IoT networks.The imbalance between the false and valid attacks in the training set degrades the performance of machine learning employed to detect network attacks.Therefore,we propose in this paper a novel approach to balance the dataset classes based on metaheuristic optimization applied to locality-sensitive hashing and synthetic minority oversampling technique(LSH-SMOTE).The proposed optimization approach is based on a new hybrid between the grey wolf and dipper throated optimization algorithms.To prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach,a set of experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of NIDS for three cases,namely,detection without dataset balancing,detection with SMOTE balancing,and detection with the proposed optimized LSHSOMTE balancing.Experimental results showed that the proposed approach outperforms the other approaches and could boost the detection accuracy.In addition,a statistical analysis is performed to study the significance and stability of the proposed approach.The conducted experiments include seven different types of attack cases in the RPL-NIDS17 dataset.Based on the 2696 CMC,2023,vol.74,no.2 proposed approach,the achieved accuracy is(98.1%),sensitivity is(97.8%),and specificity is(98.8%).展开更多
The grey wolf optimizer(GWO)is a swarm-based intelligence optimization algorithm by simulating the steps of searching,encircling,and attacking prey in the process of wolf hunting.Along with its advantages of simple pr...The grey wolf optimizer(GWO)is a swarm-based intelligence optimization algorithm by simulating the steps of searching,encircling,and attacking prey in the process of wolf hunting.Along with its advantages of simple principle and few parameters setting,GWO bears drawbacks such as low solution accuracy and slow convergence speed.A few recent advanced GWOs are proposed to try to overcome these disadvantages.However,they are either difficult to apply to large-scale problems due to high time complexity or easily lead to early convergence.To solve the abovementioned issues,a high-accuracy variable grey wolf optimizer(VGWO)with low time complexity is proposed in this study.VGWO first uses the symmetrical wolf strategy to generate an initial population of individuals to lay the foundation for the global seek of the algorithm,and then inspired by the simulated annealing algorithm and the differential evolution algorithm,a mutation operation for generating a new mutant individual is performed on three wolves which are randomly selected in the current wolf individuals while after each iteration.A vectorized Manhattan distance calculation method is specifically designed to evaluate the probability of selecting the mutant individual based on its status in the current wolf population for the purpose of dynamically balancing global search and fast convergence capability of VGWO.A series of experiments are conducted on 19 benchmark functions from CEC2014 and CEC2020 and three real-world engineering cases.For 19 benchmark functions,VGWO’s optimization results place first in 80%of comparisons to the state-of-art GWOs and the CEC2020 competition winner.A further evaluation based on the Friedman test,VGWO also outperforms all other algorithms statistically in terms of robustness with a better average ranking value.展开更多
The process of selecting features or reducing dimensionality can be viewed as a multi-objective minimization problem in which both the number of features and error rate must be minimized.While it is a multi-objective ...The process of selecting features or reducing dimensionality can be viewed as a multi-objective minimization problem in which both the number of features and error rate must be minimized.While it is a multi-objective problem,current methods tend to treat feature selection as a single-objective optimization task.This paper presents enhanced multi-objective grey wolf optimizer with Lévy flight and mutation phase(LMuMOGWO)for tackling feature selection problems.The proposed approach integrates two effective operators into the existing Multi-objective Grey Wolf optimizer(MOGWO):a Lévy flight and a mutation operator.The Lévy flight,a type of random walk with jump size determined by the Lévy distribution,enhances the global search capability of MOGWO,with the objective of maximizing classification accuracy while minimizing the number of selected features.The mutation operator is integrated to add more informative features that can assist in enhancing classification accuracy.As feature selection is a binary problem,the continuous search space is converted into a binary space using the sigmoid function.To evaluate the classification performance of the selected feature subset,the proposed approach employs a wrapper-based Artificial Neural Network(ANN).The effectiveness of the LMuMOGWO is validated on 12 conventional UCI benchmark datasets and compared with two existing variants of MOGWO,BMOGWO-S(based sigmoid),BMOGWO-V(based tanh)as well as Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II(NSGA-II)and Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization(BMOPSO).The results demonstrate that the proposed LMuMOGWO approach is capable of successfully evolving and improving a set of randomly generated solutions for a given optimization problem.Moreover,the proposed approach outperforms existing approaches in most cases in terms of classification error rate,feature reduction,and computational cost.展开更多
At an early point,the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is mediocre,since the radiologist is skill deficient.Serious threats have been posed due to the above reasons,hence became mandatory for the need of skilled technici...At an early point,the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is mediocre,since the radiologist is skill deficient.Serious threats have been posed due to the above reasons,hence became mandatory for the need of skilled technicians.However,it also became a time-consuming process.Hence the need for automated diagnosis became mandatory.In order to identify the tumor accurately,this research pro-poses a novel Convolution Neural Network(CNN)based superior image classi-fication technique.The proposed deep learning classification strategy has a precision of 97.7%,allowing for more effective usage of the automatically exe-cuted feature extraction technique to diagnose cancer cells.Comparative analysis with CNN-Grey Wolf Optimization(GWO)is carried based on varied testing and training outcomes.The suggested study is carried out at a rate of 90%–10%,80%–20%,and 70%–30%,indicating the robustness of the proposed research work.Outcomes show that the suggested method is effective.GWO-CNN is reli-able and accurate relative to other detection methods available in the literatures.展开更多
Recognizing signs and fonts of prehistoric language is a fairly difficult job that requires special tools.This stipulation make the dispensation period over-riding,difficult and tiresome to calculate.This paper present ...Recognizing signs and fonts of prehistoric language is a fairly difficult job that requires special tools.This stipulation make the dispensation period over-riding,difficult and tiresome to calculate.This paper present a technique for recognizing ancient south Indian languages by applying Artificial Neural Network(ANN)associated with Opposition based Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm(OGWA).It identifies the prehistoric language,signs and fonts.It is an apparent from the ANN system that arbitrarily produced weights or neurons linking various layers play a significant role in its performance.For adaptively determining these weights,this paper applies various optimization algorithms such as Opposition based Grey Wolf Optimization,Particle Swarm Optimization and Grey Wolf Opti-mization to the ANN system.Performance results are illustrated that the proposed ANN-OGWO technique achieves superior accuracy over the other techniques.In test case 1,the accuracy value of OGWO is 94.89%and in test case 2,the accu-racy value of OGWO is 92.34%,on average,the accuracy of OGWO achieves 5.8%greater accuracy than ANN-GWO,10.1%greater accuracy than ANN-PSO and 22.1%greater accuracy over conventional ANN technique.展开更多
The study examines the rise of China’s strong and distinctive“Wolf Warrior Diplomacy”,which has gained popularity in recent years.This research attempts to offer a thorough knowledge of the causes,motivators,and es...The study examines the rise of China’s strong and distinctive“Wolf Warrior Diplomacy”,which has gained popularity in recent years.This research attempts to offer a thorough knowledge of the causes,motivators,and essential traits of China’s new global diplomatic strategy.The research aims to provide light on the motivations and goals driving Wolf Warrior Diplomacy by a thorough investigation of historical events,official statements,and media representations.The study uses a mixed-methods approach and includes case studies of significant diplomatic incidents involving Chinese officials as well as qualitative content analysis.The research tries to discover patterns of behavior and evaluate their impact on international relations by looking at the language and strategies employed by China’s diplomatic officials.China’s Wolf Warrior Diplomacy addresses domestic political climate,world power dynamics,and national interests using authoritative language,nationalism,and media participation,influencing global community reactions.Chinese international relations’Wolf Warrior Diplomacy provides insightful information for decision-makers,academics,and practitioners,encouraging civil discourse and international cooperation in an aggressive age.展开更多
文摘Hyperspectral(HS)image classification plays a crucial role in numerous areas including remote sensing(RS),agriculture,and the monitoring of the environment.Optimal band selection in HS images is crucial for improving the efficiency and accuracy of image classification.This process involves selecting the most informative spectral bands,which leads to a reduction in data volume.Focusing on these key bands also enhances the accuracy of classification algorithms,as redundant or irrelevant bands,which can introduce noise and lower model performance,are excluded.In this paper,we propose an approach for HS image classification using deep Q learning(DQL)and a novel multi-objective binary grey wolf optimizer(MOBGWO).We investigate the MOBGWO for optimal band selection to further enhance the accuracy of HS image classification.In the suggested MOBGWO,a new sigmoid function is introduced as a transfer function to modify the wolves’position.The primary objective of this classification is to reduce the number of bands while maximizing classification accuracy.To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach,we conducted experiments on publicly available HS image datasets,including Pavia University,Washington Mall,and Indian Pines datasets.We compared the performance of our proposed method with several state-of-the-art deep learning(DL)and machine learning(ML)algorithms,including long short-term memory(LSTM),deep neural network(DNN),recurrent neural network(RNN),support vector machine(SVM),and random forest(RF).Our experimental results demonstrate that the Hybrid MOBGWO-DQL significantly improves classification accuracy compared to traditional optimization and DL techniques.MOBGWO-DQL shows greater accuracy in classifying most categories in both datasets used.For the Indian Pine dataset,the MOBGWO-DQL architecture achieved a kappa coefficient(KC)of 97.68%and an overall accuracy(OA)of 94.32%.This was accompanied by the lowest root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.94,indicating very precise predictions with minimal error.In the case of the Pavia University dataset,the MOBGWO-DQL model demonstrated outstanding performance with the highest KC of 98.72%and an impressive OA of 96.01%.It also recorded the lowest RMSE at 0.63,reinforcing its accuracy in predictions.The results clearly demonstrate that the proposed MOBGWO-DQL architecture not only reaches a highly accurate model more quickly but also maintains superior performance throughout the training process.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(Grant Number 2208085MG181)the Science Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Anhui Province,Philosophy and Social Sciences(Grant Number 2023AH051063)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Anhui Higher Education Institutes(Grant Number CS2021-ZD01).
文摘The distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem(DFJSP)has attracted great attention with the growth of the global manufacturing industry.General DFJSP research only considers machine constraints and ignores worker constraints.As one critical factor of production,effective utilization of worker resources can increase productivity.Meanwhile,energy consumption is a growing concern due to the increasingly serious environmental issues.Therefore,the distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem with dual resource constraints(DFJSP-DRC)for minimizing makespan and total energy consumption is studied in this paper.To solve the problem,we present a multi-objective mathematical model for DFJSP-DRC and propose a Q-learning-based multi-objective grey wolf optimizer(Q-MOGWO).In Q-MOGWO,high-quality initial solutions are generated by a hybrid initialization strategy,and an improved active decoding strategy is designed to obtain the scheduling schemes.To further enhance the local search capability and expand the solution space,two wolf predation strategies and three critical factory neighborhood structures based on Q-learning are proposed.These strategies and structures enable Q-MOGWO to explore the solution space more efficiently and thus find better Pareto solutions.The effectiveness of Q-MOGWO in addressing DFJSP-DRC is verified through comparison with four algorithms using 45 instances.The results reveal that Q-MOGWO outperforms comparison algorithms in terms of solution quality.
文摘Breast Arterial Calcification(BAC)is a mammographic decision dissimilar to cancer and commonly observed in elderly women.Thus identifying BAC could provide an expense,and be inaccurate.Recently Deep Learning(DL)methods have been introduced for automatic BAC detection and quantification with increased accuracy.Previously,classification with deep learning had reached higher efficiency,but designing the structure of DL proved to be an extremely challenging task due to overfitting models.It also is not able to capture the patterns and irregularities presented in the images.To solve the overfitting problem,an optimal feature set has been formed by Enhanced Wolf Pack Algorithm(EWPA),and their irregularities are identified by Dense-kUNet segmentation.In this paper,Dense-kUNet for segmentation and optimal feature has been introduced for classification(severe,mild,light)that integrates DenseUNet and kU-Net.Longer bound links exist among adjacent modules,allowing relatively rough data to be sent to the following component and assisting the system in finding higher qualities.The major contribution of the work is to design the best features selected by Enhanced Wolf Pack Algorithm(EWPA),and Modified Support Vector Machine(MSVM)based learning for classification.k-Dense-UNet is introduced which combines the procedure of Dense-UNet and kU-Net for image segmentation.Longer bound associations occur among nearby sections,allowing relatively granular data to be sent to the next subsystem and benefiting the system in recognizing smaller characteristics.The proposed techniques and the performance are tested using several types of analysis techniques 826 filled digitized mammography.The proposed method achieved the highest precision,recall,F-measure,and accuracy of 84.4333%,84.5333%,84.4833%,and 86.8667%when compared to other methods on the Digital Database for Screening Mammography(DDSM).
文摘Imagery analysis is a commonly used analytical method in literary analysis.In Angela Carter’s work,the image of wolves is particularly prominent.Her“Werewolf Tetralogy”rewrites traditional culture and subverts traditional consciousness,and is the research object of many scholars.Starting from the analysis of the wolf image in The Company of Wolves,this paper uses Deleuze’s Becoming-Animal Theory to explore the construction of harmony between nature,humans and gender relations in The Company of Wolves.
文摘Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm that has gained popularity for solving optimization problems. In GWO, the success of the algorithm heavily relies on the efficient updating of the agents’ positions relative to the leader wolves. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the Grey Wolf Optimization technique and its significance in solving complex optimization problems. Building upon the foundation of GWO, we introduce a novel technique for updating agents’ positions, which aims to enhance the algorithm’s effectiveness and efficiency. To evaluate the performance of our proposed approach, we conduct comprehensive experiments and compare the results with the original Grey Wolf Optimization technique. Our comparative analysis demonstrates that the proposed technique achieves superior optimization outcomes. These findings underscore the potential of our approach in addressing optimization challenges effectively and efficiently, making it a valuable contribution to the field of optimization algorithms.
文摘Selecting the most relevant subset of features from a dataset is a vital step in data mining and machine learning.Each feature in a dataset has 2n possible subsets,making it challenging to select the optimum collection of features using typical methods.As a result,a new metaheuristicsbased feature selection method based on the dipper-throated and grey-wolf optimization(DTO-GW)algorithms has been developed in this research.Instability can result when the selection of features is subject to metaheuristics,which can lead to a wide range of results.Thus,we adopted hybrid optimization in our method of optimizing,which allowed us to better balance exploration and harvesting chores more equitably.We propose utilizing the binary DTO-GW search approach we previously devised for selecting the optimal subset of attributes.In the proposed method,the number of features selected is minimized,while classification accuracy is increased.To test the proposed method’s performance against eleven other state-of-theart approaches,eight datasets from the UCI repository were used,such as binary grey wolf search(bGWO),binary hybrid grey wolf,and particle swarm optimization(bGWO-PSO),bPSO,binary stochastic fractal search(bSFS),binary whale optimization algorithm(bWOA),binary modified grey wolf optimization(bMGWO),binary multiverse optimization(bMVO),binary bowerbird optimization(bSBO),binary hysteresis optimization(bHy),and binary hysteresis optimization(bHWO).The suggested method is superior 4532 CMC,2023,vol.74,no.2 and successful in handling the problem of feature selection,according to the results of the experiments.
基金This work was funded by the University of Jeddah,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia,under grant No.(UJ-21-DR-25)The authors,therefore,acknowledge with thanks the University of Jeddah technical and financial support.
文摘Smartphones have now become an integral part of our everyday lives.User authentication on smartphones is often accomplished by mechanisms(like face unlock,pattern,or pin password)that authenticate the user’s identity.These technologies are simple,inexpensive,and fast for repeated logins.However,these technologies are still subject to assaults like smudge assaults and shoulder surfing.Users’touch behavior while using their cell phones might be used to authenticate them,which would solve the problem.The performance of the authentication process may be influenced by the attributes chosen(from these behaviors).The purpose of this study is to present an effective authentication technique that implicitly offers a better authentication method for smartphone usage while avoiding the cost of a particular device and considering the constrained capabilities of smartphones.We began by concentrating on feature selection methods utilizing the grey wolf optimization strategy.The random forest classifier is used to evaluate these tactics.The testing findings demonstrated that the grey wolf-based methodology works as a better optimum feature selection for building an implicit authentication mechanism for the smartphone environment when using a public dataset.It achieved a 97.89%accuracy rate while utilizing just 16 of the 53 characteristics like utilizing minimum mobile resources mainly;processing power of the device and memory to validate individuals.Simultaneously,the findings revealed that our approach has a lower equal error rate(EER)of 0.5104,a false acceptance rate(FAR)of 1.00,and a false rejection rate(FRR)of 0.0209 compared to the methods discussed in the literature.These promising results will be used to create a mobile application that enables implicit validation of authorized users yet avoids current identification concerns and requires fewer mobile resources.
文摘The Internet of Things(IoT)is a modern approach that enables connection with a wide variety of devices remotely.Due to the resource constraints and open nature of IoT nodes,the routing protocol for low power and lossy(RPL)networks may be vulnerable to several routing attacks.That’s why a network intrusion detection system(NIDS)is needed to guard against routing assaults on RPL-based IoT networks.The imbalance between the false and valid attacks in the training set degrades the performance of machine learning employed to detect network attacks.Therefore,we propose in this paper a novel approach to balance the dataset classes based on metaheuristic optimization applied to locality-sensitive hashing and synthetic minority oversampling technique(LSH-SMOTE).The proposed optimization approach is based on a new hybrid between the grey wolf and dipper throated optimization algorithms.To prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach,a set of experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of NIDS for three cases,namely,detection without dataset balancing,detection with SMOTE balancing,and detection with the proposed optimized LSHSOMTE balancing.Experimental results showed that the proposed approach outperforms the other approaches and could boost the detection accuracy.In addition,a statistical analysis is performed to study the significance and stability of the proposed approach.The conducted experiments include seven different types of attack cases in the RPL-NIDS17 dataset.Based on the 2696 CMC,2023,vol.74,no.2 proposed approach,the achieved accuracy is(98.1%),sensitivity is(97.8%),and specificity is(98.8%).
文摘The grey wolf optimizer(GWO)is a swarm-based intelligence optimization algorithm by simulating the steps of searching,encircling,and attacking prey in the process of wolf hunting.Along with its advantages of simple principle and few parameters setting,GWO bears drawbacks such as low solution accuracy and slow convergence speed.A few recent advanced GWOs are proposed to try to overcome these disadvantages.However,they are either difficult to apply to large-scale problems due to high time complexity or easily lead to early convergence.To solve the abovementioned issues,a high-accuracy variable grey wolf optimizer(VGWO)with low time complexity is proposed in this study.VGWO first uses the symmetrical wolf strategy to generate an initial population of individuals to lay the foundation for the global seek of the algorithm,and then inspired by the simulated annealing algorithm and the differential evolution algorithm,a mutation operation for generating a new mutant individual is performed on three wolves which are randomly selected in the current wolf individuals while after each iteration.A vectorized Manhattan distance calculation method is specifically designed to evaluate the probability of selecting the mutant individual based on its status in the current wolf population for the purpose of dynamically balancing global search and fast convergence capability of VGWO.A series of experiments are conducted on 19 benchmark functions from CEC2014 and CEC2020 and three real-world engineering cases.For 19 benchmark functions,VGWO’s optimization results place first in 80%of comparisons to the state-of-art GWOs and the CEC2020 competition winner.A further evaluation based on the Friedman test,VGWO also outperforms all other algorithms statistically in terms of robustness with a better average ranking value.
基金supported by Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,under the Yayasan Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (YUTP)Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (YUTPFRG/015LC0-274)support by Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSP-2023/309),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The process of selecting features or reducing dimensionality can be viewed as a multi-objective minimization problem in which both the number of features and error rate must be minimized.While it is a multi-objective problem,current methods tend to treat feature selection as a single-objective optimization task.This paper presents enhanced multi-objective grey wolf optimizer with Lévy flight and mutation phase(LMuMOGWO)for tackling feature selection problems.The proposed approach integrates two effective operators into the existing Multi-objective Grey Wolf optimizer(MOGWO):a Lévy flight and a mutation operator.The Lévy flight,a type of random walk with jump size determined by the Lévy distribution,enhances the global search capability of MOGWO,with the objective of maximizing classification accuracy while minimizing the number of selected features.The mutation operator is integrated to add more informative features that can assist in enhancing classification accuracy.As feature selection is a binary problem,the continuous search space is converted into a binary space using the sigmoid function.To evaluate the classification performance of the selected feature subset,the proposed approach employs a wrapper-based Artificial Neural Network(ANN).The effectiveness of the LMuMOGWO is validated on 12 conventional UCI benchmark datasets and compared with two existing variants of MOGWO,BMOGWO-S(based sigmoid),BMOGWO-V(based tanh)as well as Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II(NSGA-II)and Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization(BMOPSO).The results demonstrate that the proposed LMuMOGWO approach is capable of successfully evolving and improving a set of randomly generated solutions for a given optimization problem.Moreover,the proposed approach outperforms existing approaches in most cases in terms of classification error rate,feature reduction,and computational cost.
文摘At an early point,the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is mediocre,since the radiologist is skill deficient.Serious threats have been posed due to the above reasons,hence became mandatory for the need of skilled technicians.However,it also became a time-consuming process.Hence the need for automated diagnosis became mandatory.In order to identify the tumor accurately,this research pro-poses a novel Convolution Neural Network(CNN)based superior image classi-fication technique.The proposed deep learning classification strategy has a precision of 97.7%,allowing for more effective usage of the automatically exe-cuted feature extraction technique to diagnose cancer cells.Comparative analysis with CNN-Grey Wolf Optimization(GWO)is carried based on varied testing and training outcomes.The suggested study is carried out at a rate of 90%–10%,80%–20%,and 70%–30%,indicating the robustness of the proposed research work.Outcomes show that the suggested method is effective.GWO-CNN is reli-able and accurate relative to other detection methods available in the literatures.
文摘Recognizing signs and fonts of prehistoric language is a fairly difficult job that requires special tools.This stipulation make the dispensation period over-riding,difficult and tiresome to calculate.This paper present a technique for recognizing ancient south Indian languages by applying Artificial Neural Network(ANN)associated with Opposition based Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm(OGWA).It identifies the prehistoric language,signs and fonts.It is an apparent from the ANN system that arbitrarily produced weights or neurons linking various layers play a significant role in its performance.For adaptively determining these weights,this paper applies various optimization algorithms such as Opposition based Grey Wolf Optimization,Particle Swarm Optimization and Grey Wolf Opti-mization to the ANN system.Performance results are illustrated that the proposed ANN-OGWO technique achieves superior accuracy over the other techniques.In test case 1,the accuracy value of OGWO is 94.89%and in test case 2,the accu-racy value of OGWO is 92.34%,on average,the accuracy of OGWO achieves 5.8%greater accuracy than ANN-GWO,10.1%greater accuracy than ANN-PSO and 22.1%greater accuracy over conventional ANN technique.
文摘The study examines the rise of China’s strong and distinctive“Wolf Warrior Diplomacy”,which has gained popularity in recent years.This research attempts to offer a thorough knowledge of the causes,motivators,and essential traits of China’s new global diplomatic strategy.The research aims to provide light on the motivations and goals driving Wolf Warrior Diplomacy by a thorough investigation of historical events,official statements,and media representations.The study uses a mixed-methods approach and includes case studies of significant diplomatic incidents involving Chinese officials as well as qualitative content analysis.The research tries to discover patterns of behavior and evaluate their impact on international relations by looking at the language and strategies employed by China’s diplomatic officials.China’s Wolf Warrior Diplomacy addresses domestic political climate,world power dynamics,and national interests using authoritative language,nationalism,and media participation,influencing global community reactions.Chinese international relations’Wolf Warrior Diplomacy provides insightful information for decision-makers,academics,and practitioners,encouraging civil discourse and international cooperation in an aggressive age.