Background: Women and racial and ethnic minorities remain underrepresented in orthopedic surgery. Exploring factors that draw individuals from these demographics to pursue orthopedic surgery and their experiences duri...Background: Women and racial and ethnic minorities remain underrepresented in orthopedic surgery. Exploring factors that draw individuals from these demographics to pursue orthopedic surgery and their experiences during training can provide valuable insights into this disparity. We aimed to quantify the current state of diversity in terms of race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation among orthopedic surgery residents and fellows, and to identify factors that influenced their decision to pursue orthopedic surgery. Methods: An institutionally validated survey was delivered via Qualtrics to national orthopedic surgery residency programs from January to April 2023. Topics addressed included gender identity, sexual orientation, racial and ethnic background, reasons for pursuing orthopedic surgery, and medical training experiences. Differences between gender and racial discrimination were assessed via Chi-square test. Results: A total of 119 orthopedic surgery residents and fellows responded. Of these, 62.2% (n = 74) identified as non-Hispanic White, 60.5% (n = 72) were male, and 86.6% (n = 103) identified as straight or heterosexual. Mentorship was cited by 79.9% (n = 95) of respondents as a critical factor in their decision to pursue orthopedic surgery. Additionally, 23% of female respondents and 4.2% of male respondents highlighted the presence of women and diverse faculty as very important. Gender identity negatively impacted the decision to pursue orthopedic surgery in 15.4% of female and 1.4% of male respondents (p = 0.004). Among underrepresented minorities (URMs), 24.4% reported negative experiences during training compared to 4.1% of non-Hispanic White participants (p = 0.002). Discrimination experiences ranged from 2.6% due to sexual orientation, 20.7% due to race and ethnicity, and 26.3% due to gender and gender identity. Conclusions: Discrimination based on race, ethnicity, and gender continues to pose significant challenges for orthopedic surgery trainees. The presence of mentors, particularly women and individuals from diverse backgrounds, remains crucial in fostering interest in orthopedic surgery among underrepresented groups. Sustained efforts are needed to create a more inclusive and supportive environment all trainees.展开更多
The aim of the article is to examine the role of the Yogyakarta Principles in the new era of globalization.The Principles could be assimilated for their modesty and multiple points of entry in the global system.Howeve...The aim of the article is to examine the role of the Yogyakarta Principles in the new era of globalization.The Principles could be assimilated for their modesty and multiple points of entry in the global system.However,they have not necessarily created formal protections for sexual minorities that keep being abused globally because conservative elites share goals and tactics among themselves to repress these minorities.展开更多
Background:Transgender women have multiple disparities globally,including social rejection and stigma,HIV infection and untreated mental health problems.However,few data on transgender women are available in China.The...Background:Transgender women have multiple disparities globally,including social rejection and stigma,HIV infection and untreated mental health problems.However,few data on transgender women are available in China.Therefore,this study aimed to explore transgender women's experiences on gender identity,disclosure,discrimination,transgender-specific medical care,and perceptions of HIV and sexually transmitted infections(STI)risk in China.Methods:A qualitative study was conducted in Nanjing and Suzhou city,China in 2018.Key informant interviews(n=14)and focus group discussions(n=2)with diverse transgender women were implemented.Text was transcribed and translated,and Dedoose™software was used for coding,analysis and interpretation by the research team.Results:Chinese transgender women share experiences with transgender women worldwide,including a long and challenging identity search,stigma and discrimination,poor access to trans-specific services and unmet needs for mental health care.Features unique to them include terms used for self-identification,culturally-shaped expectations for reproduction,and ideals of placing the familial and societal welfare over personal fulfillment.Social networks of this population appear sparse,scattered,and underground.Familial rejection was experienced by nearly all respondents.Perceptions of HIV and STI risk and history of HIV testing were notably low.Conclusions:Transgender women in China face high social rejection and discrimination along with unmet need for various types of healthcare.Scaling up transgender-specific services including gender-affirming medical care,mental health care and HIV/STI prevention are warranted to address the social,medical and mental health of transgender women in China.展开更多
这篇论文尝试具体记录台湾某些跨性别主体如何在有限的、被排挤的社会资源和空间内积极打造自己的身体和形象，以构筑并管理她／他们的身体和认同。本文一方面显示台湾跨性别身体之社会存在的特殊性(the specificity of trans-gender ex...这篇论文尝试具体记录台湾某些跨性别主体如何在有限的、被排挤的社会资源和空间内积极打造自己的身体和形象，以构筑并管理她／他们的身体和认同。本文一方面显示台湾跨性别身体之社会存在的特殊性(the specificity of trans-gender existence)，以及这些主体在面对社会局限时所各自签展出来的动态策略，显示众多跨性别主体在性别、年龄、社经地位、外貌、体型等等方面的差异存在条件（这些条件状态都可能影响到「体现身体」时能有多少说服力）；另方面也想探究跨性别主体在斡旋构筑这个社会存在时所逐渐浮现的主体性，也就是探究跨性别主体在管理身体与认同时所做的日复一日打造工程已经在社会文化中投下何种值得观察的性别变数（而这些打造工程也持续折射「性别的体现」的含意和表现）。展开更多
文摘Background: Women and racial and ethnic minorities remain underrepresented in orthopedic surgery. Exploring factors that draw individuals from these demographics to pursue orthopedic surgery and their experiences during training can provide valuable insights into this disparity. We aimed to quantify the current state of diversity in terms of race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation among orthopedic surgery residents and fellows, and to identify factors that influenced their decision to pursue orthopedic surgery. Methods: An institutionally validated survey was delivered via Qualtrics to national orthopedic surgery residency programs from January to April 2023. Topics addressed included gender identity, sexual orientation, racial and ethnic background, reasons for pursuing orthopedic surgery, and medical training experiences. Differences between gender and racial discrimination were assessed via Chi-square test. Results: A total of 119 orthopedic surgery residents and fellows responded. Of these, 62.2% (n = 74) identified as non-Hispanic White, 60.5% (n = 72) were male, and 86.6% (n = 103) identified as straight or heterosexual. Mentorship was cited by 79.9% (n = 95) of respondents as a critical factor in their decision to pursue orthopedic surgery. Additionally, 23% of female respondents and 4.2% of male respondents highlighted the presence of women and diverse faculty as very important. Gender identity negatively impacted the decision to pursue orthopedic surgery in 15.4% of female and 1.4% of male respondents (p = 0.004). Among underrepresented minorities (URMs), 24.4% reported negative experiences during training compared to 4.1% of non-Hispanic White participants (p = 0.002). Discrimination experiences ranged from 2.6% due to sexual orientation, 20.7% due to race and ethnicity, and 26.3% due to gender and gender identity. Conclusions: Discrimination based on race, ethnicity, and gender continues to pose significant challenges for orthopedic surgery trainees. The presence of mentors, particularly women and individuals from diverse backgrounds, remains crucial in fostering interest in orthopedic surgery among underrepresented groups. Sustained efforts are needed to create a more inclusive and supportive environment all trainees.
文摘The aim of the article is to examine the role of the Yogyakarta Principles in the new era of globalization.The Principles could be assimilated for their modesty and multiple points of entry in the global system.However,they have not necessarily created formal protections for sexual minorities that keep being abused globally because conservative elites share goals and tactics among themselves to repress these minorities.
基金This work was supported by the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities(NIMHD)grant#R01MD010678.
文摘Background:Transgender women have multiple disparities globally,including social rejection and stigma,HIV infection and untreated mental health problems.However,few data on transgender women are available in China.Therefore,this study aimed to explore transgender women's experiences on gender identity,disclosure,discrimination,transgender-specific medical care,and perceptions of HIV and sexually transmitted infections(STI)risk in China.Methods:A qualitative study was conducted in Nanjing and Suzhou city,China in 2018.Key informant interviews(n=14)and focus group discussions(n=2)with diverse transgender women were implemented.Text was transcribed and translated,and Dedoose™software was used for coding,analysis and interpretation by the research team.Results:Chinese transgender women share experiences with transgender women worldwide,including a long and challenging identity search,stigma and discrimination,poor access to trans-specific services and unmet needs for mental health care.Features unique to them include terms used for self-identification,culturally-shaped expectations for reproduction,and ideals of placing the familial and societal welfare over personal fulfillment.Social networks of this population appear sparse,scattered,and underground.Familial rejection was experienced by nearly all respondents.Perceptions of HIV and STI risk and history of HIV testing were notably low.Conclusions:Transgender women in China face high social rejection and discrimination along with unmet need for various types of healthcare.Scaling up transgender-specific services including gender-affirming medical care,mental health care and HIV/STI prevention are warranted to address the social,medical and mental health of transgender women in China.
文摘这篇论文尝试具体记录台湾某些跨性别主体如何在有限的、被排挤的社会资源和空间内积极打造自己的身体和形象，以构筑并管理她／他们的身体和认同。本文一方面显示台湾跨性别身体之社会存在的特殊性(the specificity of trans-gender existence)，以及这些主体在面对社会局限时所各自签展出来的动态策略，显示众多跨性别主体在性别、年龄、社经地位、外貌、体型等等方面的差异存在条件（这些条件状态都可能影响到「体现身体」时能有多少说服力）；另方面也想探究跨性别主体在斡旋构筑这个社会存在时所逐渐浮现的主体性，也就是探究跨性别主体在管理身体与认同时所做的日复一日打造工程已经在社会文化中投下何种值得观察的性别变数（而这些打造工程也持续折射「性别的体现」的含意和表现）。
