During 2006 and 2011, following the implementation of dioxin contamination monitoring in poultry meat, levels higher than legally allowed in meat from poultry slaughtered for human consumption, were found. The wood sh...During 2006 and 2011, following the implementation of dioxin contamination monitoring in poultry meat, levels higher than legally allowed in meat from poultry slaughtered for human consumption, were found. The wood shavings used as bedding material in the poultry farm showed considerable high contaminations, indicating that these materials were the likely source of contamination of the animals. Wood shavings samples (n = 23), used as poultry litters in intensive farms of broilers, were analysed. In both episodes, contamination profiles of higher and lower concentrations, seem to be very similar, being OCDD, OCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF responsible for 97.4 % of the total contamination. The present work describes the analytical adapted, used methodology and the specific clean-up procedures, which revealed that recoveries of <sup>13</sup>C<sub>12</sub>-Labelled compounds added to the wood shavings samples ranged from 71.3% to 86.3%.展开更多
The reduction of gained heat,heat peak shifting,and the mitigation of air temperature fluctuations are some desirable properties that are sought after in any thermal insulation system.It cannot be overstated that thes...The reduction of gained heat,heat peak shifting,and the mitigation of air temperature fluctuations are some desirable properties that are sought after in any thermal insulation system.It cannot be overstated that these fac-tors,in addition to others,govern the performance of such systems thus their effect on indoor ambient conditions.The effect of such systems extends also to Heating,Ventilation and Air-conditioning(HVAC)systems that are set up to operate optimally in certain conditions.Where literature shows that PCMs and natural materials such as wood-shavings can provide efficient passive insulation for buildings,it is evident that such approaches utilise methods that are of a degree of intricacy which require specialist knowledge and complex techniques,such as micro-encapsulation for instance.With technical and economic aspects in mind,an amalgam of PCM and wood-shavings has been created to be utilised as a feasible thermal insulation.The amalgamation was performed in the simplest of methods,through submerging the wood shavings in PCM.An experimental procedure was devised to test the thermal performance of the amalgam and compare this to the performance of the same un-amalgamated materials.Comparative analysis revealed that no significant thermal gains would be expected from such amal-gamation.However,a significant reduction in the total weight of the insulation system would be achieved that,in this case,shown to be up to 20.94%.Thus,further reducing possible strains on structural elements due to the application of insulation on buildings.This can be especially beneficial in vernacular architectural approaches where considerably large amounts and thicknesses of insulations are used.In addition,cost reduction could be attained as wood shavings are significantly cheaper compared to the cost of PCMs.展开更多
文摘During 2006 and 2011, following the implementation of dioxin contamination monitoring in poultry meat, levels higher than legally allowed in meat from poultry slaughtered for human consumption, were found. The wood shavings used as bedding material in the poultry farm showed considerable high contaminations, indicating that these materials were the likely source of contamination of the animals. Wood shavings samples (n = 23), used as poultry litters in intensive farms of broilers, were analysed. In both episodes, contamination profiles of higher and lower concentrations, seem to be very similar, being OCDD, OCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF responsible for 97.4 % of the total contamination. The present work describes the analytical adapted, used methodology and the specific clean-up procedures, which revealed that recoveries of <sup>13</sup>C<sub>12</sub>-Labelled compounds added to the wood shavings samples ranged from 71.3% to 86.3%.
文摘The reduction of gained heat,heat peak shifting,and the mitigation of air temperature fluctuations are some desirable properties that are sought after in any thermal insulation system.It cannot be overstated that these fac-tors,in addition to others,govern the performance of such systems thus their effect on indoor ambient conditions.The effect of such systems extends also to Heating,Ventilation and Air-conditioning(HVAC)systems that are set up to operate optimally in certain conditions.Where literature shows that PCMs and natural materials such as wood-shavings can provide efficient passive insulation for buildings,it is evident that such approaches utilise methods that are of a degree of intricacy which require specialist knowledge and complex techniques,such as micro-encapsulation for instance.With technical and economic aspects in mind,an amalgam of PCM and wood-shavings has been created to be utilised as a feasible thermal insulation.The amalgamation was performed in the simplest of methods,through submerging the wood shavings in PCM.An experimental procedure was devised to test the thermal performance of the amalgam and compare this to the performance of the same un-amalgamated materials.Comparative analysis revealed that no significant thermal gains would be expected from such amal-gamation.However,a significant reduction in the total weight of the insulation system would be achieved that,in this case,shown to be up to 20.94%.Thus,further reducing possible strains on structural elements due to the application of insulation on buildings.This can be especially beneficial in vernacular architectural approaches where considerably large amounts and thicknesses of insulations are used.In addition,cost reduction could be attained as wood shavings are significantly cheaper compared to the cost of PCMs.
