Weathering Characterization and Degradation Analysis of Landscape Wooden Buildings in Semi-Arid and Sandy Area

Wooden buildings play a very important role in China’s construction and landscape architecture industry.In order to explore the weathering characteristics of the surface layer of landscape wooden buildings,the main causes of weathering were analyzed on the basis of summarizing the common types of weathering characterization.The results showed that the weathering characterization was mainly reflected in the surface defects of wood structures,such as cracking,discoloration,peeling,wind erosion wear,and so on.The coating technology on the surface of constructions was the main artificial factor affecting the surface defects of constructions.In the case of similar surface decoration conditions,sunlight and moisture were the main natural factors affecting the weathering of wooden buildings,which will promote the process of weathering.

Lateral Performance for Wood-Frame Shear Walls–A Critical Review

Wood is a green material in line with the sustainable development strategy.From the excellent performance of engineering wood products,modern wood structures represented by light wood structures have gained more development opportunities.As an indispensable part of light wood structure systems,the wood-frame shear wall plays a vital role in the bearing capacity and earthquake resistance of light wood structure systems.This paper is focused on a review of the lateral performance of wood-frame shear walls and classifies the influencing factors in relevant experimental research into three categories,including internal factors such as shear wall structure,external factors such as test scheme,and other factors of material production and test process.Finally,the research prospects in this field were introduced based on the summary of the research status.This work can be a reference for further research on the lateral performance of wood-frame shear walls.

Influence of Different Forest Management Techniques on the Quality of Wood

The issue of accelerated forestry plantation with high-quality wood using the best soils in terms of productivity,fertilizers,and intensive treatment has become quite relevant due to increased demand for forestry products and higher requirements for environmentally friendly use of forest resources.This paper presents the results of a study on the impact of various techniques for treating coniferous plantations,including thinning,fertilization,and herbicide processing,on wood quality key indicators.The paper examined the wood density,correlation of early and late wood zones,and the cell wall thickness for 38-year-old pine trees grown on the sample plots of Siversky leskhoz(Leningrad region,Gatchinskiy district)at different treatment and density control techniques.It has been established that the highest basis density of wood corresponds to the samples grown at the density variant of 1 t/ha and double herbicides treatment,and the lowest basis density value was recorded at the option of 4 t/ha with combined treatment.It has been shown that the increase of width index for early wood is influenced by the lower density of 1 t/ha and one-time herbicide treatment,for late wood–by the lower density of 1 t/ha and repeated treatment with herbicides.The increase in average cell wall thickness for early and late wood is observed when the density increases up to 4 t/ha and double herbicides treatment.The results obtained provide a valuable scientific contribution to general forestry knowledge and have practical value in plantation forestry.

Study on the Structural Characteristics and Physical and Mechanical Properties of Phoebe bournei Thinning Wood

The artificial afforestation of precious Phoebe bournei has been carried out in China.During the cultivation process,thinning wood will be produced.The properties of thinning wood might vary greatly with matured wood and require evaluation for better utilization.The objective of the present study aims to determine the wood structure,fiber morphology,and physical and mechanical properties of the Phoebe bournei thinning wood to help us understand the wood properties and improve its utility value.Three 14-year-old Phoebe bournei were cut from Jindong Forestry Farm of Hunan Province,China.The wood structure and fiber morphology were observed and analyzed with a light microscope and scanning electron microscope.The physical and mechanical properties were tested according to the Chinese national standards.The results showed as follows:(1)The Phoebe bournei thinning wood has a beautiful wood figure and fine texture,whereas the heartwood has not yet formed.(2)It is a diffuse-porous hardwood with small and less pores as well as fine wood rays.(3)The wood fiber is medium length and extremely thin wall thickness.(4)It is low in density and has excellent dimensionally stability.(5)The wood mechanical properties belong to the low to medium class and the comprehensive strength of wood belongs to the medium-strength class.It is concluded that Phoebe bournei thinning wood is suitable for wood carving,handicraft,high-end furniture,and decorative furniture parts.

Relations Between Permeability and Structure of Wood

The permeability and the structure of heartwood and sapwood of the solvent-exchange dried and the air-dried greenwood of Chinese-fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) and masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) were measured in order to study the relations between the permeability and the structure. The results showed that the permeability of sapwood of both the air-dried and the solvent-exchange dried wood was higher than that of heartwood, and the permeability of the solvent-exchanged dried heartwood and sapwood was higher than that of the air-dried. A higher permeability of wood was attributed to, on the one hand, a bigger number of flow path per unit area of the wood perpendicular to the flow direction resulted from a bigger number of unaspirated pits per unit area and a bigger number of effective pit openings per membrane, and on the other hand, a smaller number of tracheid in series connection per unit length parallel to flow direction resulted from a longer tracheid length and an effective tracheid length for permeability.

THE DETECTION OF THE BOUNDARY OF IMAGE OF WOODANATOMICAL STRUCTURE MOLECULAR

Basing on a lot of examinations, according to the fundamental inage processing theories and methods, getting touch with the property of wood anatomical structure image,we put forward the optimum method and theory which are suitable for the binary processing of the wood anatomical structure image. After the wood image has been processed binary, with the help of computer vision technology, the boundary of wood anatomical structure molecular binary image was sought This kind of theory and method lay a solid foundaion on the collection of feature and the pottern recognition and other high level processing of wood anatomical structure molecular image.

Effect of thinning intensity on the stem CO_(2) efflux of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr

Background:Stem CO_(2) efflux(E_(S))plays a critical role in the carbon budget of forest ecosystems.Thinning is a core practice for sustainable management of plantations.It is therefore necessary and urgent to study the effect and mechanism of thinning intensity(TI)on E_(S).Methods:In this study,five TIs were applied in Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr 21-,25-,and 41-year-old stands in North China in 2010.Portable infrared gas analyzer(Li-8100 A)was used to measure ES and its association with environmental factors at monthly intervals from May to October in 2013 to 2015.In addition,nutrients,wood structure and nonstructural carbon(NSC)data were measured in August 2016.Results:The results show that ES increased with increasing TI.The maximum ES values occurred at a TI of 35%(3.29,4.57 and 2.98μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1))and were 1.54-,1.94-and 2.89-fold greater than the minimum E_(S) value in the CK stands(2.14,2.35 and 1.03μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1))in July for the 21-,25-and 41-year-old forests,respectively.The E_(S) of the trees in low-density stands was more sensitive to temperature than that of the trees in high-density stands.Soluble sugars(SS)and temperature are the main factors affecting ES.When the stand density is low enough as 41-year-old L.principis-rupprechtii forests with TI 35%,bark thickness(BT)and humidity should be considered in addition to air temperature(T_(a)),wood temperature(T_(w)),sapwood width(SW),nitrogen concentration(N)and SS in the evaluation of ES.If a change in stand density is ignored,the CO_(2) released from individual 21-,25-and 41-year-old trees could be underestimated by 168.89%,101.94% and 200.49%,respectively.CO_(2) release was estimated based on the stem equation in combination with the factors influencing ES for reference.Conclusions:We suggest that it is not sufficient to conventional models which quantify ES only by temperature and that incorporating the associated drivers(e.g.density,SS,SW and N)based on stand density into conventional models can improve the accuracy of ES estimates.