This study aimed to explore and improve the different economic values of Pinus koraiensis(Siebold and Zucc.)by examining the variations in 6 growth traits and 9 physicochemical wood properties among 53 P.koraiensis ha...This study aimed to explore and improve the different economic values of Pinus koraiensis(Siebold and Zucc.)by examining the variations in 6 growth traits and 9 physicochemical wood properties among 53 P.koraiensis half-sib families.Growth traits assessed included height,diameter at breast height,volume,degree of stem straight-ness,stem form,and branch number per node,while wood properties assessed included density,fiber length and width,fiber length to width ratio,and cellulose,hemicel-lulose,holocellulose,lignin,and ash contents.Except for degree of stem straightness and branch number per node,all other traits exhibited highly significant variations(P<0.01)among families.The coefficients of variation ranged from 5.3(stem form)to 66.7%(ash content),whereas,the herit-ability ranged from 0.136(degree of stem straightness)to 0.962(ash content).Significant correlations were observed among growth traits and wood physicochemical properties.Principal component analysis identified four distinct groups representing growth traits,wood chemical and physical properties,and stem form traits.Multi-trait comprehensive evaluation identified three groups of elite families based on breeding objectives,including rapid growth,improved timber production for building and furniture materials,and pulpwood production.These specific families should be used to establish new plantations.展开更多
To improve wood quality for pulpwood industries, it is important to examine not only wood density but also its components, especially tracheid characteristics. We studied genetic variations in the following tracheid t...To improve wood quality for pulpwood industries, it is important to examine not only wood density but also its components, especially tracheid characteristics. We studied genetic variations in the following tracheid traits by earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW): tracheid length (TL), double wall thickness (WT), radial lumen diameter (R_D1), tangential lumen diameter (T_D1), radial central diameter (R_D2), and tangential central diameter (T_D2). We also studied the relationship with the following growth traits: diameter at breast height (DBH), height (H), crown breadth south-north axis (NSC), crown breadth east-west axis (EWC), ring width (RW), latewood percentage (LWP), and wood density (WD). All sample materials were collected from a 33-year old clonal seed orchard of Pinus tabuliformis Carr. Genetic variation among clones was moderate for all tracheid traits, 9.49-26.03%. Clones significantly affected WT, R_D1, R_D2, T_D1, T_D2, and the two ratios WT/R_D1 and TL/T_D2 in EW but had no effects in LW. Clones significantly affected TL in LW but had no effects in EW. H2/C was higher in LW (0.50) than in EW (0.20) for TL, while H 2/C was higher in EW (0.27-0.46) for other tracheid traits and the two ratios (TL/T_D2 and WT/R_D1) than in EW (0.06-0.22). WD and TL were significantly positively correlated, but WT and TL were negatively correlated both at individual and clone levels; all tracheid diameters and the four ratio values (EW_WT/ R_D1, LW WT/R_D1, EW_TL/T_D2 and LW_TL/ T_D2), were strongly positively correlated with DBH, H, NSC, WEC and RW, and strongly negatively correlated with WD both at individual and clone levels. The most important variables for predicting WD were LW_TL, EW_WT and R_D1 in both EW and LW (r2= 0.22). Selecting the top 10% of the clones by DBH would improve DBH growth by 12.19% (wood density was reduced by 0.14%) and produced similar responses between EW and LW for all tracheid traits: a reduction of 0.94 and 3.69% in tracheid length and increases in tracheid diameters (from 0.36 to 5.24%) and double wall thickness (0.07 and 0.87%). The two ratios WT/R_D1 and TL/T_D2 across tissues (EW and LW) declined 0.59 and 4.56%, respectively. The decreased tracheid length and the ratio between tracheid length and diameter is disadvantageous for pulp production. The unfavorable relationship of tracheid traits with wood density indicate that multiple trait selection using optimal economic weights and optimal breeding strategies are recommended for the current longterm breeding program for P. tabuliformis.展开更多
There has been growing attention to intraspecific variation in trait-based plant ecology. However, studies on these changes across ontogenetic stages and the potential trade-offs with interspecific traits along enviro...There has been growing attention to intraspecific variation in trait-based plant ecology. However, studies on these changes across ontogenetic stages and the potential trade-offs with interspecific traits along environmental gradients are rare. In this study, we measured six wood and bark traits of 1030 trees of six species(Castanopsis nigrescens; C. carlesii; Lithocarpus polystachyus; L. synbalanos; Ormosia glaberrima; O. pachycarpa) from a10-ha plot in a subtropical forest. Mean intraspecific variation in bark thickness and bark percentage to DBH was more than twice that for wood density and bark density.Bark thickness and bark percentage showed a consistent trend with increasing tree size. Small-tree traits were more variable than the same traits in larger trees. Altitude,convexity and soil nutrients explained the majority of the variations in the six traits, while sibling species had similar relationships between traits and environmental variables.Trees with dense wood and thin bark were usually found on steep slopes at lower altitudes. Our findings show intraspecific trait variability has different spatial patterns compared with interspecific variabilities along an environmental gradient.展开更多
We assessed growth traits and wood properties ofDH32-29, a clone of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis, at age of two to six years in Guangdong in China. Analysis of variance of studied traits showed that there were si...We assessed growth traits and wood properties ofDH32-29, a clone of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis, at age of two to six years in Guangdong in China. Analysis of variance of studied traits showed that there were significant differences (1% level) on all studied traits among ages except for wood basic density. Analysis of age trends of growth traits and wood properties revealed that rotation length of DH32-29 should be more than six years or longer. Phenotypic correlations among traits at individual ages indicated that correlations between growth traits were strongly positive. There was significant change in relationship between growth and wood basic density with increasing age, ranging from -0.03 to -0.54 at 2 and 5 year and 0.003 to 0.3 at 3, 4 and 6 year. Correlations between Pilodyn pin penetration and basic density measured on increment cores showed that Pilodyn could rank or group genotypes or sites into density classes, but failure to predict individual tree and individual clone.展开更多
The growth traits (tree height, diameter at breast height, and stem straightness degree) and wood properties [wood density (WD), fiber length, fiber width, ash content (AC), lignin content, cellulose content, hemicell...The growth traits (tree height, diameter at breast height, and stem straightness degree) and wood properties [wood density (WD), fiber length, fiber width, ash content (AC), lignin content, cellulose content, hemicellulose content (HEC), and holocellulose content] of 208 26-year-old Larix olgensis clones were analyzed. Except for WD and AC, there were significant differences (p < 0.01) for all traits among clones. The phenotypic coefficient of variation and repeatability of all traits were 9.34-35.33% and 0.218-0.930, respectively. Tree height and diameter at breast height showed significant positive correlation; however, the correlation coefficients among growth characteristics and wood properties were mostly not significant. Ten clones (L70, L56, L82, L90, L59, L91, L61, L92, L86, and L64) were selected as excellent clones under a selection rate of 5%, using tree height, diameter at breast height, and stem straightness degree as evaluation indexes, providing genetic gains of 28.69, 17.96, and 0.67%, respectively. Ten clones (L88, L305, L59, L66, L253, L304, L277, L298, L248, and L293) were selected as excellent clones using wood properties as an evaluation index, with a selection rate of 5%, providing genetic gains in WD, fiber length, fiber width, cellulose content, and HEC of 4.14, 3.64, 9.28, 6.77, and 9.61%, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting excellent L. olgensis clones.展开更多
基金This work was fi nancially supported by the fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572020DR01)HeilongjiangTouyan Innovation team program(Tree Genetics and Breeding Innovation Team).
文摘This study aimed to explore and improve the different economic values of Pinus koraiensis(Siebold and Zucc.)by examining the variations in 6 growth traits and 9 physicochemical wood properties among 53 P.koraiensis half-sib families.Growth traits assessed included height,diameter at breast height,volume,degree of stem straight-ness,stem form,and branch number per node,while wood properties assessed included density,fiber length and width,fiber length to width ratio,and cellulose,hemicel-lulose,holocellulose,lignin,and ash contents.Except for degree of stem straightness and branch number per node,all other traits exhibited highly significant variations(P<0.01)among families.The coefficients of variation ranged from 5.3(stem form)to 66.7%(ash content),whereas,the herit-ability ranged from 0.136(degree of stem straightness)to 0.962(ash content).Significant correlations were observed among growth traits and wood physicochemical properties.Principal component analysis identified four distinct groups representing growth traits,wood chemical and physical properties,and stem form traits.Multi-trait comprehensive evaluation identified three groups of elite families based on breeding objectives,including rapid growth,improved timber production for building and furniture materials,and pulpwood production.These specific families should be used to establish new plantations.
基金supported by “Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding(Chinese Academy of Forestry)(Grant No.TGB2016001)”“The Lecture and Study Program for Outstanding Scholars from Home and Abroad(Grant No.CAFYBB2011007)”“Continuation project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.CAFNSFC201601)”
文摘To improve wood quality for pulpwood industries, it is important to examine not only wood density but also its components, especially tracheid characteristics. We studied genetic variations in the following tracheid traits by earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW): tracheid length (TL), double wall thickness (WT), radial lumen diameter (R_D1), tangential lumen diameter (T_D1), radial central diameter (R_D2), and tangential central diameter (T_D2). We also studied the relationship with the following growth traits: diameter at breast height (DBH), height (H), crown breadth south-north axis (NSC), crown breadth east-west axis (EWC), ring width (RW), latewood percentage (LWP), and wood density (WD). All sample materials were collected from a 33-year old clonal seed orchard of Pinus tabuliformis Carr. Genetic variation among clones was moderate for all tracheid traits, 9.49-26.03%. Clones significantly affected WT, R_D1, R_D2, T_D1, T_D2, and the two ratios WT/R_D1 and TL/T_D2 in EW but had no effects in LW. Clones significantly affected TL in LW but had no effects in EW. H2/C was higher in LW (0.50) than in EW (0.20) for TL, while H 2/C was higher in EW (0.27-0.46) for other tracheid traits and the two ratios (TL/T_D2 and WT/R_D1) than in EW (0.06-0.22). WD and TL were significantly positively correlated, but WT and TL were negatively correlated both at individual and clone levels; all tracheid diameters and the four ratio values (EW_WT/ R_D1, LW WT/R_D1, EW_TL/T_D2 and LW_TL/ T_D2), were strongly positively correlated with DBH, H, NSC, WEC and RW, and strongly negatively correlated with WD both at individual and clone levels. The most important variables for predicting WD were LW_TL, EW_WT and R_D1 in both EW and LW (r2= 0.22). Selecting the top 10% of the clones by DBH would improve DBH growth by 12.19% (wood density was reduced by 0.14%) and produced similar responses between EW and LW for all tracheid traits: a reduction of 0.94 and 3.69% in tracheid length and increases in tracheid diameters (from 0.36 to 5.24%) and double wall thickness (0.07 and 0.87%). The two ratios WT/R_D1 and TL/T_D2 across tissues (EW and LW) declined 0.59 and 4.56%, respectively. The decreased tracheid length and the ratio between tracheid length and diameter is disadvantageous for pulp production. The unfavorable relationship of tracheid traits with wood density indicate that multiple trait selection using optimal economic weights and optimal breeding strategies are recommended for the current longterm breeding program for P. tabuliformis.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Key Projects 31230013,31361140363)the Zhang-Hongda Science Foundation at Sun Yat-sen University
文摘There has been growing attention to intraspecific variation in trait-based plant ecology. However, studies on these changes across ontogenetic stages and the potential trade-offs with interspecific traits along environmental gradients are rare. In this study, we measured six wood and bark traits of 1030 trees of six species(Castanopsis nigrescens; C. carlesii; Lithocarpus polystachyus; L. synbalanos; Ormosia glaberrima; O. pachycarpa) from a10-ha plot in a subtropical forest. Mean intraspecific variation in bark thickness and bark percentage to DBH was more than twice that for wood density and bark density.Bark thickness and bark percentage showed a consistent trend with increasing tree size. Small-tree traits were more variable than the same traits in larger trees. Altitude,convexity and soil nutrients explained the majority of the variations in the six traits, while sibling species had similar relationships between traits and environmental variables.Trees with dense wood and thin bark were usually found on steep slopes at lower altitudes. Our findings show intraspecific trait variability has different spatial patterns compared with interspecific variabilities along an environmental gradient.
基金This study was undertaken as a project for National Key Technology R&D Program for the 12th Five-year Plan(China) "Breeding and Selection of New Variety with High Yield and High Resistance of Eucalyptus"(2012BAD01B04-1)Special Fund for Forestry Industry Research in the Public Interest "Project of Veneer Variety Breeding and Cultivation Model Optimization for Eucalyptus"(201104003-07)
文摘We assessed growth traits and wood properties ofDH32-29, a clone of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis, at age of two to six years in Guangdong in China. Analysis of variance of studied traits showed that there were significant differences (1% level) on all studied traits among ages except for wood basic density. Analysis of age trends of growth traits and wood properties revealed that rotation length of DH32-29 should be more than six years or longer. Phenotypic correlations among traits at individual ages indicated that correlations between growth traits were strongly positive. There was significant change in relationship between growth and wood basic density with increasing age, ranging from -0.03 to -0.54 at 2 and 5 year and 0.003 to 0.3 at 3, 4 and 6 year. Correlations between Pilodyn pin penetration and basic density measured on increment cores showed that Pilodyn could rank or group genotypes or sites into density classes, but failure to predict individual tree and individual clone.
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Program of China during the Twelfth FiveYear Plan Period(Grant No.2013AA102704)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2572015EA03)
文摘The growth traits (tree height, diameter at breast height, and stem straightness degree) and wood properties [wood density (WD), fiber length, fiber width, ash content (AC), lignin content, cellulose content, hemicellulose content (HEC), and holocellulose content] of 208 26-year-old Larix olgensis clones were analyzed. Except for WD and AC, there were significant differences (p < 0.01) for all traits among clones. The phenotypic coefficient of variation and repeatability of all traits were 9.34-35.33% and 0.218-0.930, respectively. Tree height and diameter at breast height showed significant positive correlation; however, the correlation coefficients among growth characteristics and wood properties were mostly not significant. Ten clones (L70, L56, L82, L90, L59, L91, L61, L92, L86, and L64) were selected as excellent clones under a selection rate of 5%, using tree height, diameter at breast height, and stem straightness degree as evaluation indexes, providing genetic gains of 28.69, 17.96, and 0.67%, respectively. Ten clones (L88, L305, L59, L66, L253, L304, L277, L298, L248, and L293) were selected as excellent clones using wood properties as an evaluation index, with a selection rate of 5%, providing genetic gains in WD, fiber length, fiber width, cellulose content, and HEC of 4.14, 3.64, 9.28, 6.77, and 9.61%, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting excellent L. olgensis clones.