Overview of the Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Tannin-Glyoxal Adhesive for Wood-Based Composites

More than a century after its initial synthesis,urea-formaldehyde(UF)resins still have dominant applications as adhesives,paints,and coatings.However,formaldehyde in this industry produces formaldehyde emissions that are dangerous to health.Scientists have spent the last decade replacing formaldehyde and phenol with environmentally friendly substances such as glyoxal and tannin to create bio-based adhesives.This review covers recent advances in synthesizing glyoxal tannin-based resins,especially those made from sustainable raw material substitutes and changes made to synthetic processes to improve mechanical properties.The efficacy of using tannin-glyoxal adhesives in producing wood-based composites has been proven.The glyoxylate reaction forms cross-linked bridges between the aromatic sites of the tannin and glyoxal molecular structures.Glyoxal tannin adhesive with a greater percentage of glyoxal than tannin will produce an adhesive with better characteristics.The gel time reduces as the hardener concentration rises from 7.5%to 15%when glyoxal is used in adhesives.However,excessive amounts of glyoxal will result in a decrease in viscosity values.Glyoxal exhibits faster delivery degradation when it reaches a maximum temperature of approximately 130°C,although it initiates the curing process slightly slower at 110°C.Adding glyoxal to tannin-based adhesives can improve the mechanical properties of composite boards.The wet shear strength of the resulting plywood is increased by 105.4%with the addition of 5-weight percent tannin-based resin with glyoxal as a cross-linker in Soy Protein Adhesive.With glyoxal as a hardener,the panels produced showed good internal bond strengths(>0.35 MPa)and met the international standard specifications for interior-grade panels.

Development of a Side Door Composite Impact Beam for the Automotive Industry

The automobile industry has been searching for vehicles that use less energy and emit fewer pollutants, which has resulted in a high demand for fuel-efficient vehicles. Because of their higher strength-to-weight ratio compared to traditional steel, using fiber-reinforcement composite materials in automobile bodies has emerged as the most effective strategy for improving fuel efficiency while maintaining safety standards. This research paper examined the utilization of fiber-reinforced composite materials in car bodies to meet the increasing consumer demand for fuel-efficient and eco-friendly vehicles. It particularly focused on a carbon-aramid fiber-reinforced composite impact beam for passenger car side door impact protection. Despite the encouraging prospects of the carbon-aramid fiber-reinforced beam, the research uncovered substantial defects in the fabrication process, resulting in diminished load-bearing capacity and energy absorption. As a result, the beam was un-successful in three-point bending tests. This was accomplished by using an I cross-section design with varying thickness because of the higher area moment of inertia. Vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) manufacturing process was used and the finished beam underwent to three-point bending tests.

Preparation of liquefied wood-based resins and their application in molding material

To investigate value in use of liquefied wood-based resin applications in molding material, Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata） and poplar （Populus tomentosa） wood meal were liquefied in phenol. The reactant was co-condensed with formaldehyde to obtain liquefied wood-based resin. For this paper, we investigated the characterization of the resin and its application in molding material. The result shows that the basic properties of liquefied wood-based resin were satisfactory; the bonding strength of plywood prepared with liquefied Chinese fir and liquefied poplar resin can reach 1.54 and 1.00 MPa, respectively. The compression strengths of the molding material prepared with two kinds of liquefied wood resin were 73.01 and 73.58 MPa, almost the same as that of PF resin molding material. The limiting volume swelling of molding material made with liquefied Chinese resin and liquefied poplar resin were 8.5% and 8.3%, thickness swelling rates of water absorption were 3.3% and 4.2%, and the maximum weight ratios of water absorption were 25.9% and 26.2%, respectively. The soil burial test result shows that the weight loss rate of the molding materials made with liquefied Chinese resin and liquefied poplar resin were 8.3% and 9.1% and that of the PF resin molding material was 7.9%. After the soil internment test, the reduction ratio of compression strength of the two kinds of molding material achieved 16.9% and 17.7%, while that of the PF resin molding material was 15.4%. The test results of wood fungi inoculation on the three surfaces of the molding material indicate the breeding rate of molding material prepared with liquefied Chinese resin and liquefied poplar resin were at level 4 and that of PF resin molding material was at level 1 of the ISO standard.

A design and application of compound multi-functional sensor in wood-based panel processing

A compound multi-functional sensor was designed by the study on the on-line testing technology of wood-based panels, and its properties of shape, functions, size, resistance to special environment were studied in details. The operational principles of different sensors, technical flow of manufacturing, development of software systems of special functions, and the assessments of technical specification were also be introduced. This sensor adopted many new technologies, such as the applications of piezoresistant effect and heat sensitive effect can effectively measure the pressure and temperature, digital signal processing technology was used to extract and treat signals, and resist interference, encapsulation technology was used to keep the normal run of sensor under a harsh environment. Thus, the on-line compound multi-functional temperature/pressure sensor can be applied better to supervise the production of wood-based panels. All technical specifications of the compound multi-functional sensor were tested and the results met the requirements of the equipments.

Simulation Analysis of Electromechanical Coupling for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cabin Door System

In order to study the dynamic response of the unmanned aerial vehicle cabin door opening and closing system under impact load conditions, considering the flexible treatment of mechanical components, and the system’s motion with different stiffness of energy-absorbing components, a rigid-flexible coupling model of the cabin door actuation system was established in LMS. Virtual. Motion. In Amesim, a control model of the motor was created. Through the Motion-Amesim co-simulation module, the dynamic module of the system was combined with the motor control module to complete the electromechanical coupling simulation and analyze the results. .

基于DOORS和Eclipse的软件追溯链审查方法研究

在高安全软件开发过程中,软件追溯链审查是提高软件质量的重要手段。为了解决基线管理、审查完整性和结果可复用等问题,提出了一种基于DOORS平台和Eclipse平台的软件追溯链审查方法。为审查活动设计并开发了工具软件,采用差异比对算法进行版本迭代后的审查结果复用。经实际应用,该方法可以提高软件追溯链审查的效率及效果。

汽车车门装配用焊接夹具结构的改进设计

汽车车门装配用焊接夹具是为车门零件装配焊接作业提供便利的一种工具。在现阶段汽车制造企业中,焊接夹具在使用过程存在一定问题,其中最为突出的是装配精度、焊接精度不够,因此影响产品质量。所以,本文主要分析汽车车门装配用焊接夹具设计要点、设计需要考虑的影响因素等,进而重点探究汽车车门装配用焊接夹具结构改进设计对策,目的在于提高装配精度、焊接精度,实现高质量、高效生产制造。

站台门与钢轨等电位连接方式下的绝缘防护测试及保障措施

[目的]站台门系统与钢轨等电位连接方式下,当站台门系统的对地绝缘降低时,容易产生放电现象。为确保乘客的乘坐安全,应基于该方式,建立有效的站台门绝缘保障措施。[方法]从站台门电气绝缘机理和人体电气安全2个维度分析了站台门与钢轨等电位连接的优势。建立了轨电位计算模型,对常规工况、极端工况2种工况下站台门处轨电位进行了仿真。采用多参数单一变化法,分析了常规工况下各回流系统参数不同取值对站台门轨电位的影响,计算了极端工况下的站台门轨电位分布曲线。提出了站台门绝缘的测试方法及站台门绝缘维护的相关措施。[结果及结论]采用站台门系统与钢轨等电位连接方式时,轨电位的最大值不应超过60 V。极端工况下,站台门处轨电位有可能高于该阈值,此时乘客的人身安全可能会受到威胁,须采取有效措施,确保站台门的绝缘有效性。

徽州木雕门窗纹饰在现代服饰设计中的应用

为更好地传承和创新中华优秀传统文化,探究徽州木雕门窗纹饰在现代服饰设计中的应用方式。通过采集、整理和归纳徽州木雕门窗的题材内容,分析徽州木雕门窗纹饰特色,提炼其艺术特征与文化价值。对典型徽州木雕门窗纹饰进行深入分析,挖掘其与服饰设计的美学契合点,探讨徽州木雕门窗纹饰在现代服饰中形态设计与色彩转化的方法,并在此基础上完成《徽迹》系列服饰设计的创新实践,为徽州木雕艺术的活态传承与创新发展提供可借鉴的思路和方法。

基于定位二维码技术构建急性缺血性脑卒中流程管理模式

目的基于定位二维码技术构建急性缺血性脑卒中流程管理模式,并探索其临床应用价值。方法比较管理模式应用前后急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓总用时及各时间节点用时、住院天数及住院费用等,同时比较模式应用前后急诊科护士护理记录书写用时、书写错误及缺陷等。结果基于定位二维码技术构建的急性缺血性脑卒中流程能有效缩短DNT(P<0.001),模式应用后护理记录书写时间明显缩短(P<0.001),书写质量提高。结论通过定位二维码技术可实现流程数据精确抓取,在生成流程时间轴的同时可生成相应护理记录,为卒中流程质量改进提供了数据支持,对高级卒中中心的建立有借鉴价值。

UWB HPM对雷达方舱内电子设备的影响仿真分析

针对高功率微波辐照下雷达方舱内电子设备的响应和毁伤效应等实际问题,通过建立雷达方舱和舱内电缆模型进行了辐照仿真分析。结果表明,高功率微波信号在进入方舱时,方舱起到一定的滤波作用,类似带通滤波器;雷达方舱和舱内设备的反射会影响方舱内场强分布和极化,造成方舱内电场分布不均匀,各向异性降低,但尚未达到混响室程度;通过仿真概略计算了方舱内信号分布和传输特性;方舱内电缆耦合信号电压基本在同一个数量级,超宽谱信号辐照影响主要以扰乱为主。针对上述影响,提出了相应加固措施,可为雷达在高功率微波武器攻击下进行后门防护加固提供理论支撑。

站台门间隙异物自动检测系统设计与实现

[目的]站台门间隙异物检测环节对地铁运营安全有影响,故有必要研究一种新型的地铁站台门防夹检测系统,使未来的FAO(全自动运行)系统更加安全与高效。[方法]采用视频和激光雷达算法融合技术,提出了结合视频图片识别和雷达点云数据的双重判据AI检测策略,创新性地采用了PointNet算法架构来进行地铁站台门间隙异物的检测,实现摄像头视频辅助激光雷达工作模式。若被检测间隙出现异物,则报警和视频联动,第一时间捕捉报警现场视频。利用多维深度学习方法,降低误判概率。[结果及结论]在系统设计中,提出传感器交叉叠装分层安装方法,实现间隙异物冗余检测功能;通过交叉互检机制,有效提高了检测装置的冗余性和可靠性;使用2D传感器实现3D检测效果。所研制系统为地铁信号系统提供安全联锁信号,提供报警信息给综合监控系统,并推送手环报警信息给现场运行人员。使地铁站台门间隙异物检测更加准确可靠,为地铁的全自动运行提供安全保障。

变电所门的设计要点简析

梳理变电所门的主要作用和设置要点;介绍变电所门的常见的“机械锁”和“门禁”两种形式的管理方式;结合气体灭火系统的特点,分别对两种管理方式下变电所的外门和相邻变电所之间双向开启弹簧门的特点进行分析,提出一种验证灭火剂喷射时能否顶开变电所门的公式,并结合气体灭火系统的要求提出合理建议;最后,分析低压柜长度对门设置的影响并提出建议。

堆垛机器人末端执行机构轻量化设计

为了提高堆垛机器人在定制式木工家具生产线的作业效率,设计了一种基于气压驱动的真空吸附式末端执行机构,提出一种针对该机构的两工况多目标轻量化设计方法。首先,校核了两工况下的静动态性能,建立了末端执行机构参数化模型。定义9个设计变量,采用最优拉丁超立方进行试验设计,并对近似模型的精度进行评价,确定径向基神经网络模型作为优化设计的代理模型。然后,以末端执行机构的质量、变形、应力为响应目标,并以执行机构的尺寸为约束进行多目标轻量化设计。最后对优化后的模型加工出样机,进行试验验证。结果表明:优化后末端执行机构在保证静动态特性满足设计要求的前提下,轻量化得到明显改善,质量降幅15.7%。

雷达抗前门耦合攻击防护能力对比分析

针对雷达遭受高功率微波武器攻击时容易损伤的问题,理论分析了雷达最远防护边界和雷达天线增益及接收机限幅器能力的关系,从空间滤波的角度,对比了反射面雷达和有源相控阵雷达抗前门耦合攻击的能力。分析得出只有高功率微波武器处于反射面雷达天线的主瓣范围附近时,对其前门耦合攻击效果才强于有源相控阵雷达;反之,要弱于有源相控阵雷达。由于反射面天线雷达主波束很窄,造成攻击的时机很短,所以反射面雷达在面对高功率微波武器时防护能力更强。

智能反射面室内部署的位置规划方法

智能反射面(IRS/RIS)应用于实际无线通信系统时,如何优选布放位置及面板取向,是提升技术实效所面临的主要问题之一。RIS布放的数学规划问题,不仅有优化目标的设计,还要考虑通信环境的建筑物分布和可选部署面的有效散射截面。相比于室外较为开放的空间,RIS的室内部署存在更多限制性条件。针对室内既有墙面的RIS布放,该文设计了多终端接入选址规划模型和等价问题。为约化其非线性计算,通过单终端退化分析,给出目标函数的卡西尼卵形线分布特征,证明RIS布放范围限于各终端及基站在部署面投影的重叠区,提出基于对半搜索法的高效启发式算法。数值仿真了2种复杂室内结构的多终端接入场景,结果表明所提算法不仅有显著加速效益,还可扩展用于多RIS网络规划。

民用飞机门框止动块接触偏移的可靠性分析

民用飞机门框止动块是传递舱门载荷到机身结构的重要组件,止动块与止动钉的接触状态很大程度会影响载荷传递效率及结构可靠性。在舱门止动钉与止动块配合过程中,止动钉在接触面相对止动块会存在偏离理想设计接触状态的情况。为了评估面内接触偏移因素对止动块承载强度可靠性的影响情况,基于Isight平台集成ABAQUS软件和疲劳强度计算工具,通过量化接触偏移随机变量及其分布模型,采用蒙特卡罗法对随机变量抽样,形成一套参数化自动分析流程。经过多次循环抽样模拟计算,结合强度及疲劳计算准则分析接触面内偏移对止动块静强度、疲劳强度可靠性的影响规律。结果表明:在给定允许接触偏移量范围内,止动块的静强度、疲劳强度可靠性较高,超过3σ原则要求的99.73%,验证了止动块结构设计的合理性,该参数化自动计算流程可为机身结构的可靠性分析提供参考。

颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后即刻保持常压引流与负压引流效果的比较

目的探讨颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形(expansive open-door laminoplasty,EOL)术后即刻保持常压引流的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2023年1~6月我院94例多节段脊髓型颈椎病行颈后路EOL,按入院时间顺序分为常压引流组(n=43)和负压引流组(n=51),常压组病例时间为2023年1~3月,负压组为2023年4~6月。比较2组术中出血量、术后24 h引流量、术后总引流量、术后引流管留置时间、术后发热、切口感染、颈部切口血肿、手术前后日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedics Association,JOA)评分改善率、住院时间、住院费用、术后血红蛋白下降值等。结果常压引流组术后24 h引流量中位数45(15~150)ml,显著少于负压引流组中位数170(70~400)ml(Z=-7.934,P=0.000);常压引流组术后总引流量中位数45(15~285)ml,显著少于负压引流组中位数315(165~730)ml(Z=-7.924,P=0.000);常压引流组术后引流管留置时间(27.1±13.9)h,明显短于负压引流组(82.2±20.6)h(t=-14.933,P=0.000);常压引流组住院时间(3.5±1.1)d,明显短于负压引流组(5.6±0.8)d(t=-10.322,P=0.000);常压引流组术后血红蛋白下降(13.9±3.1)g/L,显著低于负压引流组(16.5±7.2)g/L(t=-2.165,P=0.033);常压引流组住院费用(3.00±0.30)万元,显著少于负压引流组(3.48±0.29)万元(t=-7.924,P=0.000)。2组术中出血量、术后发热、切口感染发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。2组均无深部切口感染或血肿发生。2组术后3个月JOA评分改善率无显著性差异(t=0.861,P=0.391)。结论颈后路EOL术后常压引流可以减少术后引流量,缩短引流管留置时间和住院时间,降低患者住院费用,且并不增加术后血肿、发热及切口感染等并发症,临床效果显著。

精神卫生机构开放式心理病区人文关怀护理研究进展

对精神卫生机构实施人文关怀的意义、护理措施、培训现状进行综述,并分析既往研究的贡献、优点与不足,以期实践和发展开放式心理病区人文关怀护理,为病人身心整合和康复提供思路。

隧道防火门分流对端部临界送风风速的影响

在单洞双线轨道交通隧道发生火灾时,人员从火源上游防火门疏散,防火门的分流作用将影响端部送风风速。采用理论计算与数值模拟相结合的方法探究其影响关系,首先通过理论分析推导出了端部临界送风风速公式;随后,利用PyroSim软件建立了全尺寸模型,并针对不同数量防火门、火源热释放速率、隧道高度的分流情况进行了研究。结果表明:在相同火源热释放速率下,防火门的分流流速随着防火门开启数量的增多而减少;相同位置防火门的分流流速随火源热释放速率的增大呈指数增长的关系;防火门总分流量随防火门开启数量与热释放速率的0.3次方之积呈线性增长的关系,而受隧道高度的影响较小;结合理论推导,建立了端部临界送风风速的数学模型。研究结果为隧道火灾情况下的人员疏散和通风设计提供了科学依据。