Plant community and ecological analysis of woodland vegetation in Metema Area,Amhara National Regional State,Northwestern Ethiopia

We studied woodland vegetation in broad-leaved deciduous woodlands of Metema in northwestern Amhara regional state, Ethiopia to determine plant community types and species distribution patterns and their relationships with environmental variables, including altitude, pH, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity （EC）, and moisture. We used a selective approach with a systematic sampling design. A total of 74 quadrats, each 25m × 25m at intervals of 150-200 m were sampled along the established transect lines. For herbaceous vegetation and soil data collection, five subquadrats each lm x lm were established at the four corners and the center of each quadrat. Three community types were identified using TWINSPAN analysis. All three community types showed high diversity （Shannon-Weiner index）, the highest in community type II at 3.55. The highest similarity coefficient was 0.49 （49%） between community types II and III, reflecting 0.51 （51%） dissimilarity in their species richness. The canonical correspondence ordination diagram revealed that the distribution pattern of community type I was explained by moisture while that of community types III and II was explained by EC and altitude and moisture, respectively. Altitude was the most statistically significant environmental variable, followed by moisture and EC in determining the total variation in species composition and distribution patterns while pH and cation exchange capacity were non significant. In conclusion, we recommend that any intervention should take into account these three discrete community types and their environmental settings to make the intervention more successful.

东江湖水质时空变化规律及其与流域土地利用的关系

东江湖是长江中下游重要的人工湖泊之一,也是湖南省最大的饮用水源地,探究水质变化规律及其与流域土地利用关系,可为东江湖生态保护提供科学依据。基于2011-2022年东江湖2个国控断面及2021-2022年6条主要入湖河口水质监测数据,运用统计分析和Spearman秩相关系数法,阐明了东江湖水质时空变化规律及其与土地利用变化的关系。结果表明,(1)在近12年期间,东江湖水环境污染综合指数呈上升趋势,水质由地表Ⅰ类水下降到地表Ⅲ类水。东江湖主要入湖河口水质介于地表Ⅲ-Ⅳ类水之间,水环境污染综合指数呈现出枯水期高于丰水期特点。(2)东江湖流域各土地利用类型的面积呈现出林地>耕地>水域>建设用地>草地的特点,其中建设用地、耕地和草地面积随着时间的增加而增高,林地面积随着时间的增加而减少,水域面积呈现小幅减少。(3)东江湖国控断面的化学需氧量、高锰酸盐指数、电导率及水环境污染综合指数与流域内耕地和建设用地面积呈极显著正相关,而与林地面积呈显著负相关;然而,东江湖入湖河口水体的溶解氧与子流域内水域面积呈显著正相关。可见,在2011-2022年间,东江湖水质呈下降趋势,而流域内耕地、建设用地面积的增加和林地面积的减少是水质降低的主要原因。建议减少全流域化肥施用,推进城镇污水处理设施全覆盖,实施退耕还林还草,加强河湖消落带生态修复等措施,以减少入湖污染物,确保东江湖水质良好。

北方农牧交错带现代农业发展模式——以内蒙古凉城马头山片区为例

以内蒙古凉城马头山片区自然资源禀赋、农业产业基础、区域政策导向、市场需求和片区发展方向作为研究内容,提出北方农牧交错带地区现代农业发展应以产业集聚为策略。采取实地调研、统计分析、数学模拟、微观定量计算和宏观定性分析相结合的方法,构建农牧林复合的生态农业模式,环境承载力内的循环农业模式,以及通过人工干预治理的休闲农业模式,对农牧交错带区域生态环境建设和乡村振兴具有重要的理论和实践意义。

林地和旱地磁性特征对比研究

以驻马店泌阳县农业区的旱地和林地土壤剖面为研究对象,采用环境磁学方法对其进行系统的磁性特征分析。结果表明:(1)旱地和林地主要载磁矿物为低矫顽力亚铁磁性矿物,同时含少量高矫顽力磁性矿物。(2)旱地和林地磁畴大小接近,处于0.2~1.0μm之间。(3)退耕还林之后的林地在自然状态发育时间约20 a,但是其磁性特征未发生明显变化,说明短时期内退耕还林之后林地的自然成土过程并未改变之前土壤的磁性特征。(4)相较于林地,旱地亚铁磁性矿物含量高,说明人类活动导致亚铁磁性矿物含量增加;同时,旱地磁性矿物向下迁移深度大,说明人类活动促使磁性矿物向下迁移。

The Habitat Structure of Lukanga Ramsar Site in Central Zambia: An Understanding of Wetland Ecological Condition

A field survey was carried out to determine the vegetation structure of the Lukanga Swamp Ramsar site in central Zambia. The aim of the study was to identify the different vegetation communities, species composition and distribution patterns for improved habitat management. Sampling was conducted in all recognizable vegetation communities. The results of the survey showed that the swamp was a littoral palustrine wetland predominantly characterized by the dominance of Leersia hexandria Swartz (42.02%), Typha capensis Rohrb (62.43%), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud (33.61%), Aeschynomeme fluitans Peter (31.58%) and Polygonum senegalense Meisn (48.8%). The occurrence of Vossia cuspidata Griff and Cyperus papyrusL was restricted to small and isolated locations. Short Termitaria was generally covered by Acrocerus macrum Stapf (35.25%) while tall Termitaria was dominated by Panicum maximum Jacq. (26.00%). The most important woody plant species included Combretum ghasalense Engl. et Diels (I. V = 62.88), Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax ((I. V = 90.48), Albizia adianthifolia (Schmacher) W.F. Wight (I. V = 135.63) Isoberlinia angolensis Hyle and Brenan (I. V = 87.25). The current structure of the hydrophytes composition observed in this study was an indication of a generally silting wetland, while the dominant occurrence of understorey woody plants in the surrounding vegetation signified degraded miombo vegetation. It was concluded that the ecological status of wetland habitat was potentially threatened by mainly anthropogenic activities such as;wildfires, and unsustainable exploitation of surrounding vegetation. Further research is required to examine water flows, eutrophication and the long-term effects of deforestation on the ecological functioning of the wetland.

上海城区六种林地凋落物中土壤动物群落结构

为探究上海城区不同林地凋落物中土壤动物的群落组成、群落多样性及其与环境因子的关系,于2014年4月~2015年1月分四个季度,对上海市建成年代较久的不同林地凋落物层土壤动物群落进行调查,共捕获凋落物土壤动物9 391只,隶属于2门11纲21个类群,其中优势类群为蜱螨亚纲和弹尾纲,两个类群共占总密度的90.31%,常见类群为双翅目、寡毛纲和等足目,占总密度的的5.29%。不同林地凋落物中土壤动物密度存在极显著差异(F=146.31,P<0.01),其中香樟悬铃木林土壤动物密度最高,水杉林密度最低。此外各林地土壤动物季节动态表现出一定的差异性。密度-类群指数大小顺序为香樟悬铃木林(4.62)>悬铃木林(2.69)>香樟杨树林(1.86)>香樟林(1.36)>香樟水杉林(0.91)>水杉林(0.85),该顺序可以较好地表征各林地的群落多样性。CCA分析显示凋落物有机碳、生物量、表土含水量、温度是影响城市林地凋落物土壤动物群落的主要环境因子,不同类群对环境因子适应程度不同。