Synthesis and Characterization of Nonionic Waterborne Polyurethane and Application to Wool Fabric Finishing

A nonionic waterborne polyurethane(WPU) was synthesized by the self-emulsification method using polyether diol(N220),isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI),trimethylolpropane poly(ethylene glycol monomethyl ether)(N120),1,4-butanediol(BDO) and trimethylolpropane(TMP) as the main materials.The effects of the NCO/OH ratio on the emulsion and film properties of NWPU were explored.The experimental results show that the NWPU prepared at an NCO/OH ratio of 1.1 has good emulsion stability and easy film formation,and the resultant film was elastic,soft,and transparent.The sample was used for wool finishing and the application performance was evaluated.When the NWPU dosage reached 40 g·L^(-1),the fabric area felt shrinkage rate reduced from 8.97% to 4.75%,the pilling rating raised from grade 2-3 to grade 4,and the whiteness value only decreased by 3.87%.

Sustainable art exhibition RETURN visualizes wool's biodegradable properties

In early April,The Woolmark Company,the authoritative wool textiles organization,presented RETURN,a sustainable art exhibition at R130,a buyer shop during Shanghai Fashion Week,where three pieces of naturally degraded wool fabrics were on display for the first time in China.The exhibition visualised the biodegradation process of this natural fabric,leading people to experience the natural charm of wool through art and natural beauty.

Identification and Quantitation of Cashmere (Pashmina) Fiber and Wool Using Novel Microchip Based Real-Time PCR Technology

The textile industrial chain all over the world is facing a challenge of differentiating cashmere fiber from mixture of wool and other fibers in case cashmere stocks are adulterated with wool or other fibers. For identification of cashmere in such mixtures, the development of microchip based real-time PCR technology offers a very sensitive, specific, and accurate solution. The technology has been validated with cashmere and wool samples procured from distant farms, and from cashmere goats and sheep of different age and sex. Model samples with incremental raw cashmere or wool content were tested. The experimentally determined content was found to be comparable to the weighed content of the respective fibers in the samples. This technology may prove a cost cutter since it needs only 1.2 μl of the PCR reagent mix. It is substantially faster than traditional real-time PCR systems for being carried as miniature reaction volume in metal microchip. These features allow faster thermal equilibrium and thermal uniformity over the entire array of microreactors. For routine tests or in commercial set up, the microchips are available as ready-to-run with lyophilized reagents in its microreactors to which only 1 μl of the 10-fold diluted isolated DNA sample is added. The lyophilized microchips offer user-friendly handling in testing laboratories and help minimize human error.

Identification of Wool and Cashmere

The quality number66 wool and the first grade cashmerewere tested and analyzed by using the scanning electronmicroscope(SEM)and the probability distribution of thediameter,the surface scale height and the surface scalethickness of the wool and the cashmere were got,thenthe error identification probability(EIP)of the three pa-rameters were calculated.After verifying that these threeparameters were linear non-related,by using the prob-ability theory,the EIPs of these three parameters weremultiplied,thus,the total EIPs of the wool and the cash-mere were reduced.The result of the experiment verifiedthis conclusion.

Subsidy Policies on Wool Sheep and Cashmere Goat Industry at the Background of Sustainable Development

Grassland ecological protection measures such as grazing prohibition and livestock changed traditional production mode of the cashmere goat industry,and exerted adverse influence on production of cashmere and income of farmers and herdsmen.On the basis of the survey in Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Jilin,Liaoning,Shanxi,and Yunnan,this paper evaluated effect of subsidy policies on wool sheep and cashmere goat industry and present some existing problems in the implementation of these policies.Finally,it came up with following recommendations:strengthening cultivation and protection of wool sheep and cashmere goat varieties,increasing subsidy level of fine varieties and expanding coverage of subsidy policies,formulating wool sheep and cashmere price supportive measures,enhancing construction of wool sheep and cashmere goat sci-tech service system,and promoted standardized production of cashmere goat.

Preliminary Study on Anti-Dropping Methods for Short Cashmere Woolen Cloth

The fibre dropping mechanism of short cashmere fabrics is elucidated. Results show that to reduce the fibre dropping, it is necessary to increase the linkage force among the fibers, and the special anti - dropping finishing for the fabrics which have been normally finished, should be carried out. To evaluate the six selected anti - dropping finishing agents, fuzzy judgment method was used, and the agent, with the most effect on anti - dropping, was found out.

Thimble King Cashmere and Wool Overcoats

The Thimble King cashmere and wool overcoats made by the Gold Thimble Fashion Company in Dandong City, Liaoning Province, are of international fashion, unique style, selected materials and superb craftsmanship. With their style and quality in perfect harmony, the overcoats are comfortable and elegant. The company has adopted

Investigation of the Development of Farming Professional Cooperatives of Cashmere-goat and Wool-sheep in China

Based on the data from the survey of cashmere-goat and wool-sheep in 12 demonstration counties of China's main producing areas in 2012,the development of farming professional cooperatives of cashmere-goat and wool-sheep was analyzed from aspects of status quo,problems and causes,and some suggestions about cooperation cognition and mode,service capacity,personnel training,system improvement and preferential policies were put forward to promote the development of the farming professional cooperatives.

Research on Evenness of Woollen Cashmere Yarn

Parameters influencing the evenness of the woollen cashmere yarn were analyzed,and fifty batches of yarns with fineness of 38.5 tex were used to study the quality control parameters in relation to the evenness.Through statistical analysis,the models of yarn evenness were built.Moreover,the relationship between the evenness of spinning yarn and roving yarn was also investigated.The results showed that a positive correlation existed between them,and the amount of thin place per kilometer was the most important factor which could influence the evenness of woollen cashmere yarn.The influence of the amount of neps and thick place on the yarn evenness was indistinctive.The conclusions obtained would be helpful to improve the pre-control ability on yarn evenness.

Close-loop recyclable and flexible halide perovskite@wool keratin sensor with piezoelectric property

Halide perovskites with excellent piezoelectric properties,but their poor stability hinders their largescale application.Herein,a sandwich-structured halide perovskite flexible sensor with good stability was developed according to a three-step procedure as follows:(ⅰ) in-situ growth of wool keratinCsPbBr_(3)(WK-CsPbBr_(3)) using wool keratin in interfacial passivation and coating,(ⅱ) electrospinning of a wool keratin-CsPbBr_(3)/polyacrylonitrile(WCP) nanofiber film,and(ⅲ) coating of the WCP nanofiber with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) to obtain a sensor(WCPP).The sensor could generate a piezoelectric voltage of 7.8 V at a pressure of 6 kPa in the stages of pressing and releasing,and the output characteristics did not decline even after 10,000 cycles.Compared to the 4-month stability of the perovskite sensor,WCPP sensor exhibited the output performance even after 16 months,which indicated that wool keratin as a multidentate improved the stability of the halide perovskite.Additionally,the sensor displayed a self-cleaning property and could also light up 14 commercial LEDs.The close-loop recycling of the lead halide perovskite was achieved by dissolving the WCP nanofiber film in DMF and then reelectrospinning.Therefore,the method proposed is a step forward for achieving the commercialization of WK-CsPbBr_(3) and providing new avenues for further utilization of wool waste.

Genome‑wide DNA methylation and transcriptome analyses reveal the key gene for wool type variation in sheep

Background Wool fibers are valuable materials for textile industry.Typical wool fibers are divided into medullated and non-medullated types,with the former generated from primary wool follicles and the latter by either primary or secondary wool follicles.The medullated wool is a common wool type in the ancestors of fine wool sheep before breeding.The fine wool sheep have a non-medullated coat.However,the critical period determining the type of wool follicles is the embryonic stage,which limits the phenotypic observation and variant contrast,making both selection and studies of wool type variation fairly difficult.Results During the breeding of a modern fine(MF)wool sheep population with multiple-ovulation and embryo transfer technique,we serendipitously discovered lambs with ancestral-like coarse(ALC)wool.Whole-genome rese-quencing confirmed ALC wool lambs as a variant type from the MF wool population.We mapped the significantly associated methylation locus on chromosome 4 by using whole genome bisulfite sequencing signals,and in turn identified the SOSTDC1 gene as exons hypermethylated in ALC wool lambs compare to their half/full sibling MF wool lambs.Transcriptome sequencing found that SOSTDC1 was expressed dozens of times more in ALC wool lamb skin than that of MF and was at the top of all differentially expressed genes.An analogy with the transcriptome of coarse/fine wool breeds revealed that differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways at postnatal lamb stage in ALC/MF were highly similar to those at the embryonic stage in the former.Further experiments validated that the SOSTDC1 gene was specifically highly expressed in the nucleus of the dermal papilla of primary wool follicles.Conclusion In this study,we conducted genome-wide differential methylation site association analysis on differen-tial wool type trait,and located the only CpG locus that strongly associated with primary wool follicle development.Combined with transcriptome analysis,SOSTDC1 was identified as the only gene at this locus that was specifically overexpressed in the primary wool follicle stem cells of ALC wool lamb skin.The discovery of this key gene and its epigenetic regulation contributes to understanding the domestication and breeding of fine wool sheep.

The winners of International Woolmark Prize and Karl Lagerfeld Award were announced

Lagos Space Programme from Nigeria and Denmark’s A.ROEGE HOVE have been announced the winners of the 2023 International Woolmark Prize and Karl Lagerfeld Award for In­novation,respectively,at a special event held in Paris.BYBORRE is also celebrating after being recognised as the Supply Chain Award recipient.

基于轻量级卷积神经网络的羊绒羊毛识别方法

羊绒、羊毛纤维的形态和物理化学性质十分相似,2种纤维表面鳞片的纹理有所不同,鉴别二者的传统方法显微镜人工鉴别存在速度慢、识别率不高、人力成本高等弊端。针对该问题,文章提出了一种基于轻量级卷积神经网络MobileNetV3_small模型的纤维识别方法。实验发现:纤维图像中的鳞片纹理模式复杂度有限,轻量级网络能够有效地提取纤维图像中的视觉特征,并根据特征较好地识别出纤维的类别,实验中5种不同的纤维测试集识别率超过97.1%。与其他卷积神经网络相比,轻量级模型MobileNetV3_small速度更快,识别5000个样本只需13 s,适合于纤维商检中的快速检测。

细毛羊主要毛用性状检测及其评定方法

羊毛品质的检测方法、检测标准在推动毛纺工业发展、羊毛贸易以及细毛羊育种中具有重要作用。通过归纳国内外相关文献及标准,总结了国内外主要毛用性状及其检测标准;依据已有标准并结合国内在生产中的实际应用,详细介绍了2个羊毛产量性状与6类羊毛品质性状的客观测定方法,最后系统介绍了澳大利亚和中国开发的羊毛表型目测评定方法。文章可为开展羊毛纤维品质的统一测定和评估提供参考。

轻薄型精纺纯毛可机洗毛织物的开发

为实现毛织物可机洗、提升其服用性能和尺寸稳定性,解决毛织物不易护理的问题,通过分析对比丝光羊毛与普通羊毛纤维的表面形貌和染色性能的差异,针对性地设计纺纱、织造和整理各道工艺参数,纺制出轻薄型普通羊毛和丝光羊毛织物,并对2种织物的主要物理指标和水洗尺寸变化率进行测试与分析。结果表明:与普通羊毛相比,丝光羊毛纤维的鳞片层基本被剥除,纤维整体呈现均匀、光滑的外观,染料上染百分率高,颜色更浓深;纺制出的轻薄型丝光羊毛织物水洗尺寸变化率满足GB/T 26382—2011《精梳毛织品》中可机洗类产品水洗尺寸变化率考核指标要求,属于可机洗类产品,实现了产品开发预期目标。

半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸对体外培养绒山羊次级毛囊生长及毛乳头细胞增殖的影响

旨在探讨半胱氨酸(Cys)、蛋氨酸(Met)对体外培养燕山绒山羊次级毛囊(SF)生长及毛乳头细胞(DPCs)增殖凋亡的影响。本研究选取1只1周岁左右健康雄性燕山绒山羊皮肤若干,完整分离的次级毛囊随机分成Cys试验组和Met试验组,每组各浓度3个重复,每个重复8根毛囊,Cys试验组添加浓度分别为0、40、80、120、160和200μg·mL^(-1);Met试验组添加浓度分别为0、10、15、20、25和30μg·mL^(-1)。毛囊培养7 d,每隔24 h观察毛囊生长形态并测量毛囊生长长度。从燕山绒山羊次级毛囊中提取、纯化DPCs,细胞计数并绘制DPCs生长曲线,将DPCs随机分为Cys试验组和Met试验组,每组各浓度6个重复,Cys试验组添加浓度分别为0、20、40、60、80、100μg·mL^(-1);Met试验组添加浓度分别为0、2、4、6、8、10μg·mL^(-1)。培养2 h后用CCK-8试剂盒进行细胞增殖活力测定,确定燕山绒山羊DPCs中Cys和Met的最适培养浓度,利用qRT-PCR技术检测不同浓度Cys和Met的DPCs增殖相关基因(PCNA、CCND1、CDC42、CDK 4)、凋亡相关基因(P21、P53、Bax、Caspase-3、Bcl-2)、皮肤细胞分化相关基因(IVL)及角蛋白相关基因(K10、K 14)mRNA表达水平。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加80和120μg·mL^(-1) Cys与10、15、20和25μg·mL^(-1) Met均可显著影响次级毛囊生长速率和累计生长长度(P<0.01),且120μg·mL^(-1) Cys和20μg·mL^(-1) Met促生长效果最好;添加20、40和60μg·mL^(-1) Cys可以显著影响DPCs增殖(P<0.05),添加40μg·mL^(-1) Cys显著上调PCNA、CCND1、CDK4、Bcl-2、K10、K 14和IVL基因mRNA表达量(P<0.05);添加6μg·mL^(-1) Met可以显著影响DPCs增殖(P<0.05),并显著上调PCNA、CCND1、CDK4、P21、Bcl-2、K 10和K 14基因mRNA表达量(P<0.05)。综上,添加Cys和Met可以显著促进长绒期燕山绒山羊次级毛囊生长,最适添加量分别为120μg·mL^(-1)和20μg·mL^(-1);添加Cys和Met可通过上调细胞增殖、分化、角蛋白等基因mRNA、下调细胞凋亡基因mRNA表达,促进乳头细胞增殖、抑制细胞凋亡进而促进燕山绒山羊次级毛囊生长。

HSPA2和SPATA6在彭波半细毛羊睾丸组织中的细胞定位及表达差异分析

热休克蛋白A2(HSPA2)是热休克蛋白HSP70家族重要成员,能够促进睾丸支持细胞增殖;精子发生相关基因6(SPATA6)能够调控肌球蛋白合成的微丝运输系统,影响精子细胞骨架形成。在雄性哺乳动物生殖过程中,两者均起重要作用。为研究HSPA2和SPATA6在雄性彭波半细毛羊生殖过程中的表达规律和细胞定位,以不同年龄阶段(3月龄、12月龄和3岁龄)彭波半细毛羊睾丸组织为研究对象,运用实时荧光定量PCR(real time quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR)、Western blot和免疫组织化学染色法(IHC)从转录和翻译水平检测了HSPA2和SPATA6在不同年龄阶段彭波半细毛羊睾丸组织的表达水平和分布模式,分析预测HSPA2和SPATA6在彭波半细毛羊睾丸发育和精子发生过程中的调控作用。结果表明:12月龄和3岁龄彭波半细毛羊睾丸组织中HSPA2 mRNA的相对表达量以及蛋白表达量极显著高于3月龄(P<0.01);12月龄SPATA6 mRNA的相对表达量以及蛋白表达量极显著高于3月龄(P<0.01),显著高于3岁龄(P<0.05)。不同年龄阶段彭波半细毛羊睾丸组织的支持细胞和间质细胞中HSPA2和SPATA6蛋白均有分布。初步推断,HSPA2和SPATA6的表达水平变化在调控彭波半细毛羊精子发生过程和促进精子成熟中具有重要作用。

植物工厂岩棉块种苗移植机移植部件设计与试验

目前植物工厂岩棉块种苗移植装备自动化程度低,作业时大多依赖于人工,劳动强度大,效率低。基于植物工厂水培叶菜种苗移植现状设计了一种二级变间距的高速移植部件,并配备有一种拨指式定植杯分离辅助机构。对移植手取苗过程中岩棉块种苗进行受力分析,为移植手设计提供依据;开展拨指式定植杯分离辅助机构落杯试验,为后续植苗至栽培槽孔的定植杯中奠定基础。搭建移植机构试验平台,以取苗深度、岩棉块含水率、移植部件横移速度、移植手升降速度、移植手夹苗间距为试验因素进行五因素三水平正交试验,通过方差分析各因素对移植成功率的影响。试验结果表明:当取苗深度为24 mm、岩棉块含水率为90%、移植部件横移速度为0.8 m/s、移植手升降速度为0.24 m/s、移植手夹苗间距为14 mm时,机构移植成功率为97.9%,移植速度为3132株/h,能够满足高速、高效、稳定的植物工厂岩棉块叶菜种苗移植机械化作业的技术需求。

聚乙烯醇/角蛋白/碳纳米管自愈合导电水凝胶的构建

为了进一步提高聚乙烯醇水凝胶的力学性能和导电灵敏性,本文以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,以羊毛角蛋白(KE)和三氯化铝(AlCl_(3))为交联剂,添加碳纳米管(CNT)作为导电载体,制备出具有互穿双网络结构的自愈合导电水凝胶。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等测试手段对PVA/KE/CNT复合水凝胶进行测试分析。结果表明,AlCl_(3)中的Al^(3+)与角蛋白中的—COOH、—OH配位络合促使角蛋白间相互交联形成团簇,同时AlCl_(3)中的Al^(3+)也与PVA中的—OH交联形成紧密结构,增强了水凝胶的强度和韧性,CNT被两种交联结构紧紧包裹并赋予水凝胶导电性能。CNT的加入使复合水凝胶的韧性增加,添加质量分数为4%和5%的CNT可明显提升材料的强度;所制备的水凝胶都具有较好的自愈合性能,在一定范围内的自愈合性能与愈合时长成正比,12 h的愈合时长效果最佳;加入CNT使水凝胶电阻下降,添加质量分数为2%~5%的CNT后水凝胶电阻分别为8.98、4.56、3.81、3.12 kΩ。这种力学性能、自愈性能和导电性能均良好的水凝胶与人体运动检测应用具有天然的柔韧匹配性,在电子皮肤和柔性传感器领域有很好的应用前景。