Arabic texts suffer from missing short vowels. Arabic Speech Recognition is not as good as English speech recognition due to the short vowels not being recognized. And the Arabic language is unlike the English languag...Arabic texts suffer from missing short vowels. Arabic Speech Recognition is not as good as English speech recognition due to the short vowels not being recognized. And the Arabic language is unlike the English language in characteristics such as the number of vowels. English has more than 24 vowels that are close to each other in pronunciation. The Arabic language only has three short vowels that are far from each other in utter and measurement, by elongating those short vowels, long vowels arose. Researchers said that the vowels could be recognized using formants. The formants’ measurements of Arabic vowels are far from each other too, so it is possible to recognize them so that Arabic Speech recognition can give more accurate results. The paper applies this idea to the corpus Phonemes of Arabic. It uses the Euclidian distance method to measure the distances between formant values to recognize Arabic from words with a CV3 structure, the Linear Predictive Coding method and MATLAB to develop the programs that will extract the formants and calculate the means of the short vowels by using the corpus to identify the short vowels within words in the corpus. The results showed that if highly qualified readers were chosen to read the Arabic text, then higher rates of recognition of the short vowels involved in words will be achieved. This paper revealed that some of the characteristics of a language can be utilized for vowel recognition or to enhance the existing methods for speech recognition.展开更多
ZnO：La3＋,Li＋ nanoparticles were successfully prepared by co-precipitation, citric acid-assisted co-precipitation, co-precipitation combined solid-state reaction and thermal decomposition method. X-ray diffraction ...ZnO：La3＋,Li＋ nanoparticles were successfully prepared by co-precipitation, citric acid-assisted co-precipitation, co-precipitation combined solid-state reaction and thermal decomposition method. X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and luminescence spectrophotometry were employed to characterize the crystal phases, particle sizes and luminescence properties of the as-prepared nanopowders. The results indicate that all the prepared samples crystallize in a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The ZnO：La3＋,Li＋ prepared by citric acid-assisted co-precipitation method has a particle size of about 80 nm, which is the smallest among all the samples. Fluorescence （FL） spectra of all samples exhibit three typical emissions： a violet one centered at around 400 nm, blue around 450 nm and 466 rim, and weak green near 520 nm. But the samples prepared by co-precipitation method show a strong and wide green light emission located at about 500 nm. The ZnO：La3＋,Li＋ nanoparticles synthesized by the co-precipitation method demonstrate relatively the strongest emission intensity.展开更多
An abstract not more than results and conclusion, should stracting journals, so it should 150 words, adequate as an index and summary, and including the aim, methods, appear at the beginning of the paper. The abstract...An abstract not more than results and conclusion, should stracting journals, so it should 150 words, adequate as an index and summary, and including the aim, methods, appear at the beginning of the paper. The abstract may be used in toto by the ab be self contained.展开更多
An informative, structured abstract of no more than 250 words should accompany each manuscript. Abstracts for original contributions should be structured into the following sections： AIM： Only the purpose should be ...An informative, structured abstract of no more than 250 words should accompany each manuscript. Abstracts for original contributions should be structured into the following sections： AIM： Only the purpose should be included. METHODS： The materials, techniques, instruments and equipments, and the experimental procedures should be included. RESULTS： The observatory and experimental results, including data, effects, outcome, etc. should be included. Authors should present P value where necessary, and the significant data should accompany. CONCLUSION： Accurate view and the value of the results should be included. The format of structured abstracts is at： http：//www.wjgnet.com/wjg/help/11 .doc展开更多
文摘Arabic texts suffer from missing short vowels. Arabic Speech Recognition is not as good as English speech recognition due to the short vowels not being recognized. And the Arabic language is unlike the English language in characteristics such as the number of vowels. English has more than 24 vowels that are close to each other in pronunciation. The Arabic language only has three short vowels that are far from each other in utter and measurement, by elongating those short vowels, long vowels arose. Researchers said that the vowels could be recognized using formants. The formants’ measurements of Arabic vowels are far from each other too, so it is possible to recognize them so that Arabic Speech recognition can give more accurate results. The paper applies this idea to the corpus Phonemes of Arabic. It uses the Euclidian distance method to measure the distances between formant values to recognize Arabic from words with a CV3 structure, the Linear Predictive Coding method and MATLAB to develop the programs that will extract the formants and calculate the means of the short vowels by using the corpus to identify the short vowels within words in the corpus. The results showed that if highly qualified readers were chosen to read the Arabic text, then higher rates of recognition of the short vowels involved in words will be achieved. This paper revealed that some of the characteristics of a language can be utilized for vowel recognition or to enhance the existing methods for speech recognition.
基金Project(50972166) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘ZnO：La3＋,Li＋ nanoparticles were successfully prepared by co-precipitation, citric acid-assisted co-precipitation, co-precipitation combined solid-state reaction and thermal decomposition method. X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and luminescence spectrophotometry were employed to characterize the crystal phases, particle sizes and luminescence properties of the as-prepared nanopowders. The results indicate that all the prepared samples crystallize in a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The ZnO：La3＋,Li＋ prepared by citric acid-assisted co-precipitation method has a particle size of about 80 nm, which is the smallest among all the samples. Fluorescence （FL） spectra of all samples exhibit three typical emissions： a violet one centered at around 400 nm, blue around 450 nm and 466 rim, and weak green near 520 nm. But the samples prepared by co-precipitation method show a strong and wide green light emission located at about 500 nm. The ZnO：La3＋,Li＋ nanoparticles synthesized by the co-precipitation method demonstrate relatively the strongest emission intensity.
文摘An abstract not more than results and conclusion, should stracting journals, so it should 150 words, adequate as an index and summary, and including the aim, methods, appear at the beginning of the paper. The abstract may be used in toto by the ab be self contained.
文摘An informative, structured abstract of no more than 250 words should accompany each manuscript. Abstracts for original contributions should be structured into the following sections： AIM： Only the purpose should be included. METHODS： The materials, techniques, instruments and equipments, and the experimental procedures should be included. RESULTS： The observatory and experimental results, including data, effects, outcome, etc. should be included. Authors should present P value where necessary, and the significant data should accompany. CONCLUSION： Accurate view and the value of the results should be included. The format of structured abstracts is at： http：//www.wjgnet.com/wjg/help/11 .doc
