区块链是随着比特币等数字加密货币逐渐兴起而盛行的一种新型去中心化分布式系统,具有去中心化、时序数据、集体维护、可编程和安全可信等特点.目前,区块链已引起政府部门、金融机构、科技企业和资本市场的高度重视与广泛关注.如何在一...区块链是随着比特币等数字加密货币逐渐兴起而盛行的一种新型去中心化分布式系统,具有去中心化、时序数据、集体维护、可编程和安全可信等特点.目前,区块链已引起政府部门、金融机构、科技企业和资本市场的高度重视与广泛关注.如何在一个去中心化的分布式系统中高效地达成共识是区块链技术研究的重要问题.本文从工作量证明(Proof of work,PoW)共识算法的挖矿困境入手,分析PoW共识过程中矿工策略选择的纳什均衡存在条件.利用零行列式(Zero determinant,ZD)策略对矿工策略选择进行优化,并通过数值仿真来验证优化算法的有效性.概括来说,本文从博弈论角度来理解和剖析PoW共识算法,为进一步设计基于博弈论的共识算法提供新的思路和方法.展开更多
区块链技术(Blockchain,BC)是支持比特币这类加密货币的重要底层技术,其对于确保其他领域如物联网(IoT)系统的安全性及隐私性也可起到重大的作用。目前,相关研究人员正在对区块链技术在加密货币以外的应用场景进行深入研究。工作量证明(...区块链技术(Blockchain,BC)是支持比特币这类加密货币的重要底层技术,其对于确保其他领域如物联网(IoT)系统的安全性及隐私性也可起到重大的作用。目前,相关研究人员正在对区块链技术在加密货币以外的应用场景进行深入研究。工作量证明(Proof of Work,PoW)使用了哈希算法,通过记录并管理发生交易的电子账簿来保证数据安全,防止数据被篡改。此外,区块链技术采用了可变公钥(Public Key,PK)来记录用户的身份,提供多一层的隐私保护。区块链技术不仅在加密货币领域应用广泛,在其他领域应用也得到了实现,例如:分布式存储系统、位置证明、医疗保健、投票系统等等。本文在研究了相关区块链的文章及应用场景的基础上,将评估区块链技术在其应用场景增强数据安全性实现情况,并将总结区块链技术及其在加密货币之外的应用并得出适当的结论。展开更多
This study conducts a systematic literature review(SLR)of blockchain consensus mechanisms,an essential protocols that maintain the integrity,reliability,and decentralization of distributed ledger networks.The aim is t...This study conducts a systematic literature review(SLR)of blockchain consensus mechanisms,an essential protocols that maintain the integrity,reliability,and decentralization of distributed ledger networks.The aim is to comprehensively investigate prominent mechanisms’security features and vulnerabilities,emphasizing their security considerations,applications,challenges,and future directions.The existing literature offers valuable insights into various consensus mechanisms’strengths,limitations,and security vulnerabilities and their real-world applications.However,there remains a gap in synthesizing and analyzing this knowledge systematically.Addressing this gap would facilitate a structured approach to understanding consensus mechanisms’security and vulnerabilities comprehensively.The study adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines and computer science standards and reviewed 3749 research papers from 2016 to 2024,excluding grey literature,resulting in 290 articles for descriptive analysis.The research highlights an increased focus on blockchain consensus security,energy efficiency,and hybrid mechanisms within 60%of research papers post-2019,identifying gaps in scalability,privacy,and interoperability for future exploration.By synthesizing the existing research and identifying the key trends,this SLR contributes to advancing the understanding of blockchain consensus mechanisms’security and guiding future research and structured innovation in blockchain systems and applications.展开更多
文摘区块链是随着比特币等数字加密货币逐渐兴起而盛行的一种新型去中心化分布式系统,具有去中心化、时序数据、集体维护、可编程和安全可信等特点.目前,区块链已引起政府部门、金融机构、科技企业和资本市场的高度重视与广泛关注.如何在一个去中心化的分布式系统中高效地达成共识是区块链技术研究的重要问题.本文从工作量证明(Proof of work,PoW)共识算法的挖矿困境入手,分析PoW共识过程中矿工策略选择的纳什均衡存在条件.利用零行列式(Zero determinant,ZD)策略对矿工策略选择进行优化,并通过数值仿真来验证优化算法的有效性.概括来说,本文从博弈论角度来理解和剖析PoW共识算法,为进一步设计基于博弈论的共识算法提供新的思路和方法.
文摘区块链技术(Blockchain,BC)是支持比特币这类加密货币的重要底层技术,其对于确保其他领域如物联网(IoT)系统的安全性及隐私性也可起到重大的作用。目前,相关研究人员正在对区块链技术在加密货币以外的应用场景进行深入研究。工作量证明(Proof of Work,PoW)使用了哈希算法,通过记录并管理发生交易的电子账簿来保证数据安全,防止数据被篡改。此外,区块链技术采用了可变公钥(Public Key,PK)来记录用户的身份,提供多一层的隐私保护。区块链技术不仅在加密货币领域应用广泛,在其他领域应用也得到了实现,例如:分布式存储系统、位置证明、医疗保健、投票系统等等。本文在研究了相关区块链的文章及应用场景的基础上,将评估区块链技术在其应用场景增强数据安全性实现情况,并将总结区块链技术及其在加密货币之外的应用并得出适当的结论。
基金funded by Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS and grants(YUTP-PRG:015PBC-011).
文摘This study conducts a systematic literature review(SLR)of blockchain consensus mechanisms,an essential protocols that maintain the integrity,reliability,and decentralization of distributed ledger networks.The aim is to comprehensively investigate prominent mechanisms’security features and vulnerabilities,emphasizing their security considerations,applications,challenges,and future directions.The existing literature offers valuable insights into various consensus mechanisms’strengths,limitations,and security vulnerabilities and their real-world applications.However,there remains a gap in synthesizing and analyzing this knowledge systematically.Addressing this gap would facilitate a structured approach to understanding consensus mechanisms’security and vulnerabilities comprehensively.The study adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines and computer science standards and reviewed 3749 research papers from 2016 to 2024,excluding grey literature,resulting in 290 articles for descriptive analysis.The research highlights an increased focus on blockchain consensus security,energy efficiency,and hybrid mechanisms within 60%of research papers post-2019,identifying gaps in scalability,privacy,and interoperability for future exploration.By synthesizing the existing research and identifying the key trends,this SLR contributes to advancing the understanding of blockchain consensus mechanisms’security and guiding future research and structured innovation in blockchain systems and applications.
