Evaluation of Individual and Environmental Sound Pressure Level and Drawing Noise-Isosonic Maps Using Surfer V.14 and Noise at Work V.5.0

Noise pollution is one of the common physical harmful factors in many work environments.The current study aimed to assess personal and environmental sound pressure level and project the sound-Isosonic map in one of the Razavi Khorasan Paste manufacture using Surfer V.14 and Noise at work V.5.0.This cross-sectional,descrip-tive study is analytical that was conducted in 2018 in the Paste factory that contains Canister,production and Brewing unit.Following ISO 9612:2009,Casella Cel-320 was used to measure personal sound pressure level,while CEL-450 sound level meter(manufactured by Casella-Cel,the UK)was employed to assess environmental sound pressure level.Statistical analyzes was done using SPSS V.18 and Linear Regression test.The sound-isosonic maps were projected using Surfer V.14 and Noise at work V.5.0.The results of assessing personal sound pressure level indicated that the highest received dose(172.21%)and personal equivalent sound level(87.36 dBA)were recorded for workers in the Canister unit.According to results of measuring of the environmental sound pressure level,out of 16 measurement stations in this unit,overall 87.5%were regarded as danger and caution areas.The lowest and highest sound pressure levels in this units were 61 dBA and 92 dBA that belong to Brewing and Canister units respectively.Results indicate Over 75%of the Canister and production units had a sound pressure level greater than 85 dBA and these two units were regarded as the most dangerous area in terms of noise pollution.It is there-fore necessary to implement noise control measures,apply hearing protection program and auditory tests among workers in these units.

Constructing Index System for Evaluating Work Level in Rural Endowment Insurance

This paper used fuzzy math principles, analyzed different aspects of the work of the current rural endowment insurance and formed the indices to assess the work level of the rural endowment insurance. After selecting the indices of the work level scientificly, constructed the index system to evaluate the work level of the rural endowment insurance and the index system was expressed in the form of math equation. In this way, an objective standard used to evaluate the work level of rural endowment insurance was establised.

英国GCE A-level考试中的课程作业:内涵、实施与反馈

英国的GCE A-level考试是英国学生升入大学的学术性教育途径,采用课程作业作为其中的一种评价手段是其最大的特色。课程作业是在GCE或在GCSE考试中,由评估中心(即学校或大学)根据课程计划(或教学大纲)制定的一种评价学生实际表现的手段,并按一定的比重纳入各个科目A级成绩的最后总分中。各方对课程作业的评价不同,总的来说是利大于弊。中国的高考改革有着自己的特色与国情,但可以借鉴英国课程作业的合理经验。

Incidents with Dioxins and PCBs in Food and Feed-Investigative Work, Risk Management and Economic Consequences

The identification of contamination sources within the food chain with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs), (“dioxins”), and PCBs is difficult and complex. PCDD/PCDF can be formed as unintentional compounds in a number of chemical processes as well as in almost every combustion process. PCBs were intentionally produced chemicals that were manufactured for decades before the ban in marketing and use in many countries around 1985. The pattern of occurrence can change from the original source in particular via feedingstuffs to food of animal origin as result of bioaccumulation. A number of examples illustrate the challenging detective work and key scientific aspects for identification of the sources, for support of the risk management and for performance of monitoring programs. The contamination of milk and milk products in European countries with dioxins was caused by compound feeds containing citrus pulp pellets from Brazil which had high dioxin levels as a result of the use of heavily contaminated lime used for neutralization. The Belgian dioxin crisis was caused by a feed additive heavily contaminated with PCBs which were discharged into a recycled fat used in the production of animal feed. Guar gum from India was contaminated with sodium pentachlorophenate and dioxins. Clay was found to be possibly highly contaminated with dioxins possibly formed by geothermal processes over time;use of such clay as feed additive or for human intake led to elevated dioxin levels in food and humans. Bioanalytical screening in combination with comprehensive physicochemical investigations led to the detection of brominated flame retardants and brominated dioxins in a feed additive. Buffalo milk was contaminated in Italy presumably caused by illegal deposition of waste. High PCB levels in fuel oil for drying of breadcrumb used as a feed ingredient caused a major dioxin crisis with pork meat in Ireland. Fatty acids for technical purposes originating from a biodiesel company were used for production of feed fat which contaminated parts of the food chain in Germany. In addition to effects on human and animal health these incidents also have serious economic consequences which could be mitigated by more frequent control on food and feed. Addressing both these issues, the European Community has developed a strategy to reduce the presence of dioxins and PCBs in the environment and in feed and food comprising the establishment of maximum and action levels.

Analysis on Text-level Reading

Reading,especially reading at text level,is a process of continuously repeating,consolidating and understanding words,phrases,and sentences.However,from the perspective of psycholinguistics,the compariosn and contrast of empirical data from experiments and researches would be evidences to support the idea that reading at text level is mainly influenced by readers' ability of identifying a text's cohesion and coherence,balancing the activation and suppression of background knowledge,as well as readers' utilization of working memory.Readers can make good use of these three aspects in order to advance their understanding of reading at text level.

A Framework for Exploring the Dynamics of Autonomous Work Groups in Manufacturing Organizations

Nowadays, new paradigm of enterprise organization i s constantly changing due to the emergence of the global marketplace, the rise of information technology, and the emphasis of the social developments. This re quires a more flexible form of organization that are more adaptable to rapid cha nges in business environment such as autonomous work groups (AWGs) in order to achieve higher productivity and effectiveness. AWGs are work units responsib le for the production of goods and the provision of services. They involve team members in making decisions that are traditionally the responsibility of the sup ervisors and managers (Cohen & Bailey, 1997). Team members of AWGs are allowed t o self-regulate their behavior on jobs such as task assignments, methods for ca rrying out the work, and scheduling of activities etc. (Cohen & Ledford, 1994). For example, Motorola achieved a high organizational performance due to the succ essful implementation of AWGs in quality management (Piczak & Hauser, 1996). Xer ox also reported their operational successes based on the team-oriented work gr oups (Wageman, 1997). In recent years many organizations have replaced the traditional layers of manag ement with autonomous team-based work arrangements. Surveys indicated that the adoption of AWGs has soared in responding to the competitive business challenges . Many enterprises are making a deliberate effort to use AWGs to carry out work and operational processes as an alternative for hierarchical approaches (Lawler et al., 1995). There is a growing body of evidence that AWGs are more effective than traditionally managed groups and they contributes to organizational perform ance, such as improvement in operational performance, productivity, quality, cos t savings, employee attitude and behavior, and employee satisfaction (e.g. Pears on, 1992; Cohen & Ledford, 1994; Seers et al. 1995). Given the complexity and cognitive nature of team-based organizations, the mech anisms that the enterprises use in the development of the increasingly sophistic ated models, which can contribute to the effective functioning of AWGs, are extr emely important. The process of developing effective AWGs enables enterprises to inherent built-in intelligence of the organizations so that they will be more able to accommodate to external pressures and changes. The context of this paper is the construction of a dynamics framework and a stra tegic path for autonomous work groups in the technology-oriented manufacturing organization re-design. The framework is a conceptual one drawn from the litera ture survey. The importance of studying autonomous work groups for today’s manuf acturing organizations is claimed. Based on the General System Theory (GST), the characterization of AWGs is addressed. Three-dimensional domains such as t echnical content, service content, and relationship content are identified. A st rategic path is proposed to guide the organizations how the development of AWGs progresses at different levels of maturity that are associated with organization al effectiveness and performance. The utility of the model for AWGs is expected to provide technology-oriented organizations with a strategic path to achieve h igher organizational performance.

Fermi level pinning effects at gate–dielectric interfaces influenced by interface state densities

The dependences of Fermi-level pinning on interface state densities for the metal-dielectric, ploycrystalline silicon-dielectric, and metal silicide-dielectric interfaces are investigated by calculating their effective work functions and their pinning factors. The Fermi-level pinning factors and effective work functions of the metal-dielectric interface are observed to be more susceptible to the increasing interface state densities, differing significantly from that of the ploycrystalline silicon-dielectric interface and the metal silicide-dielectric interface. The calculation results indicate that metal silicide gates with high-temperature resistance and low resistivity are a more promising choice for the design of gate materials in metal-oxide semiconductor（MOS） technology.

Sleep Deprivation Affects Working Memory in Low but Not in High Complexity for the N-Back Test

Sleep clearly influences learning and memory since sleep deprivation and stress impairs both cognitive processes. Working memory is an essential cognitive process and refers to a short-term holding of incoming information required to update the long-term mnemonic storage and to manipulate new elements in order to solve problems and make decisions. Nevertheless, the influence of sleep deprivation on working memory has scarcely been studied. In this study we evaluated working memory using the N-back test after increasing periods of wakefulness. Healthy young males were kept awake for 36 hours and the two N-back tasks with low (1-Back) and high (3-Back) levels of complexity were applied every 6 hours. Additionally, salivary cortisol was determined along the study. Unlike the control non-deprived participants, the sleep deprived volunteers showed a significant decrease in their efficiency to solve the 1-Back task after 24 hours of sleep deprivation. However, no differences were observed after 30 and 36 hours of sleep deprivation. Concerning the 3-Back task no differences were observed after sleep deprivation. Regarding reaction time, the deprived group manifested slower responses for the 1-Back task and for the 3-Back task after 30 hours and 36 hours of sleep deprivation, respectively. Cortisol levels presented the normal daily oscillation and no differences were observed between groups. This data suggests that sleep deprivation affects basal states of attention instead of working memory while performing simple tasks. The impact of sleep deprivation on the cognitive performance depends on the moment of day when the task is applied and the complexity of the tests used to assess these mnemonic skills.

Work Done on a Coherently Driven Quantum System

We calculate the work done by a Landau-Zener-like dynamical field on two- and three-level quantum system by constructing a quantum power operator. We elaborate a general theory applicable to a wide range of closed-quantum system. We consider the dynamics of the system in the time domain ]-tLZ,tLZ[ (where is the LZ transition time in the sudden limit) where the external pulse changes its sign and its action becomes relevant. The statistical work is evaluated in a period [0,T] where T ≤tLZ. Our results are observed to be in good qualitative agreement with known results.

Education and Employment （2005-2009） A Comparative Analysis Between the Spanish and Foreign Working Population

Spain became a net receiver country of a high number of foreigners entering the labour market in the first decade of the 21 st century. The ensuing economic crisis, beginning in 2007, led to the destruction of a large number of companies and jobs. The objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between educational level, employment and economic activity, in the Spanish and foreign working population in the Spanish labour market and the impact that the economic crisis is having on employment and self-employment. The hypotheses considered have been as followed--HI： The economic crisis mainly affects the less educated working population, both Spanish and foreign; H2： Self-employment is characterized by being an initiative of a working population with low educational levels for both population groups （Spanish and foreign）; H3： Employment is related to the productive economic structure. Micro-data from the Labour Force Survey 2009 （EPA in Spanish） has been used, compiled by Spains National Statistics Office （INE in Spanish）, and it has been applied Multiple Correspondence Analysis （MCA） to detect possible associations among the study variables （nationality, level of education, salaried employment, self-employment and economic activity）. The results show significant differences between both groups： Spanish and foreign working population. The study also shows how the crisis affects employment, and the important role played by the educational level of the working population, especially foreigners employed in certain economic activities.

基层社会治理场景中社会工作的专业化发展——基于“主体性—协同性”的分析框架

新时代社会工作要融入党和国家治理体系,充分发挥其社会治理效能。在实践中,社会工作已成为基层社会治理场景的有机组成部分。“主体性—协同性”的理论框架将主体性与协同性视为基层社会治理场景中社会工作专业化发展的两个各有侧重又相互关联的维度。从“主体性—协同性”的理论框架检视,珠三角D市社会工作通过专业服务与协同行动,在风险防范、矛盾化解与社会动员等方面发挥了治理效能。但从社会工作深度融入党和国家治理体系的要求看,仍然面临着主体性与协同性“双重弱化”的实践困境。要提升基层社会治理场景中社会工作的专业化水平,就必须走出“双重弱化”的困境,积极提升社会工作的主体性和协同性,实现二者的同步推进。这既是基层社会治理中社会工作专业化发展的目标取向,也是社会工作深度融入党和国家治理体系的必然逻辑,同时也为“大社会工作”格局下专业社会工作的开展提供了启示。

Exploring Work-Related Stress and Coping Strategies among Omani Nurses Working in Tertiary Governmental Hospitals at Muscat: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Work-related stress has become a global issue in the nursing workplace, with about 9.20% - 68.0% of nurses globally experiencing stress. Conversely, work-related stress ranges between 20% and 40% in nursing. Other researchers noted that 35.1% of nurses globally experienced elevated stress levels. Stress can damage well-being and lead to coping, which can, directly and indirectly, improve well-being through a perceived state. Nurses need coping mechanisms to manage their stress levels and maintain stability. Coping mechanisms can vary greatly depending on a nurse’s culture and background. Numerous findings indicate that managing stress is more critical than the cause of stress and that the more successful a stress-management approach, the less damage stress brings. Objective: In response to this, it is necessary to explore Omani nurses’ stress level and their coping strategies working in tertiary governmental hospitals in Muscat. Methods: The sample size for this study was 383 Omani nurses, with a 100% response rate. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design from 15 October 2020 to 30 November 2020. Samples were selected through proportionate population sampling (PPS) from the five selected tertiary hospitals. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires using a perceived stress scale and Ways of Coping. A simple random sample within a stratum (each hospital admitting ward) was done to identify the study participants. The sample size for this study was 383 Omani nurses, with a 100% response rate. Results: About 83.3% of participants had a moderate perceived level of stress with an overall mean perceived stress level of 18.46 ± 4.52. The most common sources of perceived stress are feeling nervous and “stressed” in the last month (2.30 ± 0.95). According to the ways of coping strategies, nurses seemed to be resorting to more “planful problem” (mean = 11.04) and least was seeking social support (mean = 9.67). Conclusion: This study highlighted the work-related stress level of staff nurses, explored their ways of coping and determined the relationship between work-related stress levels and methods of coping. The key finding of this study was that the frequency of stress reported by nurses was high enough to suggest that their stress levels were significant, given the demanding nature of their profession that requires maximum attention. Additionally, nurses seemed to resort to more planful problem-solving mechanisms to deal with their stressful situations than other coping strategies.

基于计算机视觉的常用玻璃量器自动检定装置

玻璃量器作为常规配套设备,其需求量日益增长,常用玻璃量器的检定任务越来越重,传统的人工检定已不能满足日益增长的业务需求。该文提出了一种图像法和反馈控制技术相结合的容量示值检定自动化技术,即一种基于图像处理的常用玻璃量器检定自动化装置,主要解决加液自动化功能、容量示值读数自动化功能。开发集数据采集、处理、原始记录生成、报告打印等多功能于一体的软件系统。

新时代中国高水平金融安全保障体系构建

金融是现代经济的核心,金融安全是国家安全的重要组成部分。在全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程上,维护金融安全,是关乎我国经济社会发展全局的一件带有战略性、根本性的大事。新时代中国高水平金融安全,是能有效防范化解系统性金融风险,更好服务于我国经济高质量发展的金融安全,是状态与能力相统一的安全,具有动态性、开放性、防控结合和竞争性等特征。要坚持金融工作的政治性、人民性,坚守为实体经济服务的天职,增强金融监管的有效性,以高水平金融安全为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供坚实的金融支撑。

高校基层党建工作品牌创建及实施路径研究

高校基层党组织是贯彻落实党的路线方针政策和决策部署的最前沿阵地。要守好这块阵地,最重要的就是要创新性地开展工作,即创建党建工作品牌。党建工作品牌是经济社会发展到一定阶段的产物,它集党建与品牌建设于一身,在遵循品牌建设规律基础上,挖掘党建工作新模式。因此,创建党建工作品牌,要从三个方面着手:一是深层次认识党建工作品牌创建理论基础,解决好“是什么”问题;二是深层次认识党建工作品牌创建价值意蕴,解决好“为什么”问题;三是多维度、多角度探索高校党建工作品牌创建路径,解决好“怎么做”问题。

三全育人理念下高校大学生就业工作探索——以广州番禺职业技术学院旅游商务学院为例

就业是最基本的民生,有效提升高校毕业生的就业工作质量应该是全社会关注的重点。随着“三全育人”教育理念的提出,全员育人、全过程育人、全方位育人在高校毕业生就业指导工作过程中逐渐凸显出优势。高校应加大将三全育人理念融入大学生就业指导工作的力度,提高学生的专业能力和综合素质,提升学生就业质量。广州番禺职业技术学院旅游商务学院在三全育人理念指引下,以学生为中心,尊重学生个性化发展需求,不断探索和实践就业指导工作,取得了一定成效。

“双高计划”背景下高职院校薄弱学科学生技能竞赛工作机制创新

针对“双高计划”背景下高职院校薄弱学科学生技能竞赛工作低质低效的现状,深入分析了当前高职院校薄弱学科在学生技能竞赛工作中存在的突出问题,并结合淮安市某高职院校英语学科学生技能竞赛工作的实际,从竞赛管理制度、竞赛工作实施主体、参赛选手选拔方式、参赛选手培养模式和竞赛训练方法等方面对高职院校薄弱学科学生技能竞赛工作机制进行了创新建构,为改进高职院校薄弱学科的学生技能竞赛工作提供了有益的探索。

全程质量控制联合层级管理模式在消毒供应中心的应用效果

目的:分析全程质量控制联合层级管理模式在消毒供应中心中的应用效果。方法:泰安市妇幼保健院消毒供应中心2021年1月—2022年2月实施常规管理模式,2022年3月—2023年4月实施全程质量控制联合层级管理模式。对比实施前后的消毒供应中心工作人员考核成绩、工作质量评分,并统计不同阶段的医疗器械处理合格率、医院感染发生率。结果:全程质量控制联合层级管理模式实施后消毒供应中心工作人员的理论知识考核成绩、实践技能考核成绩均高于实施前(P<0.05);全程质量控制联合层级管理模式实施后消毒供应中心工作人员的各项工作质量评分高于实施前(P<0.05);全程质量控制联合层级管理模式实施后器械处理合格率高于实施前(P<0.05);全程质量控制联合层级管理模式实施后由医疗器械引发的医院感染发生率低于实施前(P<0.05)。结论:全程质量控制联合层级管理模式能够显著提升消毒供应中心的管理质量,提升工作人员的专业素质和工作质量,提高医疗器械处理合格率,减少医院感染,应用价值较高。

牡丹江市在职人员环境健康基本行为和技能素养水平的调查

目的了解牡丹江市在职人员生态环境与健康素养中基本行为和技能素养的现况及影响因素,为进一步科普生态环境保护与健康风险防范相关知识,倡导绿色健康生活方式提供依据。方法参考《2022年全国居民生态环境与健康素养监测总体实施方案》等编制居民基本行为和技能素养电子调查问卷,于2022年10月至2023年3月采用便利抽样方法在牡丹江市四个行政区抽取在各类职人员956名进行调查,调查内容包括知情同意书、调查对象基本信息基本行为和技能素养等。数据经核对后使用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果牡丹江市在职人员基本行为和技能素养水平为39.54%。不同性别、年龄、职业和学历的人群基本行为和技能素养水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,影响牡丹江市在职人员是否具备基本行为和技能素养的主要因素是受教育程度,拥有本专科、研究生学历者具备基本行为和技能素养的可能性分别是小学及以下者的18.681、46.000倍(χ^(2)=52.48、67.24,P<0.001)。结论牡丹江市在职人员基本行为和技能素养总体水平较2022年全国相应环境与健康分类素养水平高,建议在人群中特别是受教育程度较低的人群开展生态环境相关行为和技能知识的宣传,提升人群生态环境与健康素养整体水平。

基于SI-SB系统安全模型的多层级边缘智能管控模式

为探索信息化、智能化技术赋能下的创新型安全生产管控模式,从安全信息学的角度分析安全管控过程中的信息流动特点,提出安全生产多层级边缘智能管控模式;基于安全信息-安全行为(SI-SB)系统安全模型分析安全管控过程中安全决策偏差和滞后的机制,提出安全管控系统性能改进的思路;结合安全生产组织管理体系特点和数字化技术优势,阐述数字化技术在信息感知传递、安全信息解释和安全行为引导等3个方面的赋能依据,以及数字化感知、智能化决策和多层级管控等3个方面的赋能途径,并提出具备智能决策、敏捷响应、弹性扩展和人机协同特点的安全生产多层级边缘智能管控模式;在紧急事件、短周期管控、长周期管控3类场景中,对应用智能管控模式前后的安全事件响应进行时效性计算和对比。结果表明:所提出的多层级边缘智能管控模式能够显著提高安全管控效能。