Correlation of work function and stacking fault energy through Kelvin probe force microscopy and nanohardness in diluteα-magnesium

Electronic interactions of the Group 2A elements with magnesium have been studied through the dilute solid solutions in binary Mg-Ca,Mg-Sr and Mg-Ba systems.This investigation incorporated the difference in the‘Work Function'(ΔWF)measured via Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy(KPFM),as a property directly affected by interatomic bond types,i.e.the electronic structure,nanoindentation measurements,and Stacking Fault Energy values reported in the literature.It was shown that the nano-hardness of the solid-solutionα-Mg phase changed in the order of Mg-Ca>Mg-Sr>Mg-Ba.Thus,it was shown,by also considering the nano-hardness levels,that SFE of a solid-solution is closely correlated with its‘Work Function'level.Nano-hardness measurements on the eutectics andΔWF difference between eutectic phases enabled an assessment of the relative bond strength and the pertinent electronic structures of the eutectics in the three alloys.Correlation withΔWF and at least qualitative verification of those computed SFE values with some experimental measurement techniques were considered important as those computational methods are based on zero Kelvin degree,relatively simple atomic models and a number of assumptions.As asserted by this investigation,if the results of measurement techniques can be qualitatively correlated with those of the computational methods,it can be possible to evaluate the electronic structures in alloys,starting from binary systems,going to ternary and then multi-elemental systems.Our investigation has shown that such a qualitative correlation is possible.After all,the SFE values are not treated as absolute values but rather become essential in comparative investigations when assessing the influences of alloying elements at a fundamental level,that is,free electron density distributions.Our study indicated that the principles of‘electronic metallurgy'in developing multi-elemental alloy systems can be followed via practical experimental methods,i.e.ΔWF measurements using KPFM and nanoindentation.

Elucidating the evolution of long-period stacking ordered phase and its effect on deformation behavior in the as-cast Mg-6Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr alloy

Herein,the evolution of long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phases in the as-cast Mg-6Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr(wt.%)alloy are investigated via transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and atom probe tomography(APT).The TEM results reveal that two types of LPSO phase(a bulky interdendritic phase and a plate-like matrix LPSO phase)are formed in the as-cast sample.Most of the LPSO phases are confirmed to be of the 14H type,with a smaller proportion being of the 18R LPSO.Further,the APT results reveal that the composition of the interdendritic LPSO phase is closer to that of the ideal 14H phase compared to the matrix LPSO phase,and both the interdendritic and matrix LPSO phases exhibit a Gd/Zn ratio of 2.5,thereby indicating a deficient Zn content compared to the ideal 14H phase(i.e.,1.3).In addition,the influence of the LPSO phases on the deformation behavior is investigated at different compressive plastic strains using electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)analysis to reveal twinning and slip behavior during deformation.The results indicate that the LPSO phase induces additional work hardening in the late stage of deformation via the suppression of{1011}compressive twinning and the activation of non-basal slip systems.

Dark Womb and Gender War:Rethinking Social Formation and Social Order in Hesiod’s Cosmogony

This paper offers a detailed study of the issue of social formation and social order in Hesiod’s cosmogony.I argue that,according to Hesiod’s genesis theory,order in a society cannot be established organically through social formation.The main difficulty lies in the nature of society itself where the dualistic opposition in the male-female sexual relationship leads to endless conflicts between the two sexes and,further,between generations.To deal with the sexual relationship properly is the key to maintaining a stable social order.In the poem,the mother’s‘dark womb’is presented as a prominent image at every crucial moment of social formation and social(dis)ordering in both the divine and the human worlds.Taking this image as a clue,we can see that the issue of sexuality has a profound impact on social order,and also serves as a key to understanding divinity and humanity in Hesiod’s cosmogony.

Synchronization in a fractional-order dynamic network with uncertain parameters using an adaptive control strategy

This paper studies synchronization of all nodes in a fractional-order complex dynamic network. An adaptive control strategy for synchronizing a dynamic network is proposed. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, this paper shows that tracking errors of all nodes in a fractional-order complex network converge to zero. This simple yet prac- tical scheme can be used in many networks such as small-world networks and scale-free networks. Unlike the existing methods which assume the coupling configuration among the nodes of the network with diffusivity, symmetry, balance, or irreducibility, in this case, these assumptions are unnecessary, and the proposed adaptive strategy is more feasible. Two examples are presented to illustrate effectiveness of the proposed method.

Describing failure in geomaterials using second-order work approach

Geomaterials are known to be non-associated materials. Granular soils therefore exhibit a variety of failure modes, with diffuse or localized kinematical patterns. In fact, the notion of failure itself can be confusing with regard to granular soils, because it is not associated with an obvious phenomenology. In this study, we built a proper framework, using the second-order work theory, to describe some failure modes in geomaterials based on energy conservation. The occurrence of failure is defined by an abrupt increase in kinetic energy. The increase in kinetic energy from an equilibrium state, under incremental loading, is shown to be equal to the difference between the external second-order work,involving the external loading parameters, and the internal second-order work, involving the constitutive properties of the material. When a stress limit state is reached, a certain stress component passes through a maximum value and then may decrease. Under such a condition, if a certain additional external loading is applied, the system fails, sharply increasing the strain rate. The internal stress is no longer able to balance the external stress, leading to a dynamic response of the specimen. As an illustration, the theoretical framework was applied to the well-known undrained triaxial test for loose soils. The influence of the loading control mode was clearly highlighted. It is shown that the plastic limit theory appears to be a particular case of this more general second-order work theory. When the plastic limit condition is met, the internal second-order work is nil. A class of incremental external loadings causes the kinetic energy to increase dramatically, leading to the sudden collapse of the specimen, as observed in laboratory.

Optimizing Rank of Landscape Planning Works of Urban Wetland Park

Classifying and ranking the huge amounts of landscape planning works of urban wetland park is always difficult due to the multi-functions （ecological, leisure, educational and disaster prevention） of the urban wetland park. Therefore, an optimizing rank system is urgently needed. Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution （TOPSIS） models were used to rank the planning works of 30 urban wetland park based on four mainly factors, which included landscape ecological planning, landscape planning, ecological planning and economic planning. The study indicated that the AHP- TOPSIS model had good discrimination in the classification and ranking of landscape planning works of urban wetland park and it was also applicable to the planning works of other urban greenbelts.

Third-order polynomial model for analyzing stickup state laminated structure in flexible electronics

Laminated hard-soft integrated structures play a significant role in the fabrication and development of flexible electronics devices. Flexible electronics have advantageous characteristics such as soft and light-weight, can be folded,twisted, flipped inside-out, or be pasted onto other surfaces of arbitrary shapes. In this paper, an analytical model is presented to study the mechanics of laminated hard-soft structures in flexible electronics under a stickup state. Thirdorder polynomials are used to describe the displacement field,and the principle of virtual work is adopted to derive the governing equations and boundary conditions. The normal strain and the shear stress along the thickness direction in the bimaterial region are obtained analytically, which agree well with the results from finite element analysis. The analytical model can be used to analyze stickup state laminated structures, and can serve as a valuable reference for the failure prediction and optimal design of flexible electronics in the future.

资源下乡背景下乡村关系的差序格局及其形塑逻辑

以“一乡−多村”为乡村关系的两个主体,突破过去将乡村关系中的“村”视为一个抽象整体的研究进路,提出“乡村关系的差序格局”。在“行政消解自治”乡村一体化的背景下,乡镇与其下辖的各行政村的关系存在“亲疏远近”之别。形塑这种亲疏远近的要素主要有三个:一是特定行政村在中央或地方涉农政策中的重要性。政策性位置越突出,其与乡镇的关系越亲近。二是特定行政村村治情况良善与否。村干部治村能力越强,其与乡镇的关系越亲近。三是特定行政村在体制内有无先赋性外联关系。这种外联关系越重要,其与乡镇的关系越亲近。自上而下的各类资源在各行政村之间的配置,相应由乡村关系的差序格局来形塑。

基于EEMD分解的阶次跟踪方法研究

摆线针轮减速器组成零部件繁多、构成复杂,工作时噪声干扰大且多在变转速、往复的复杂工况下工作,因此,难以准确提取其内部的故障特征。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)与阶次跟踪分析的方法,对摆线针轮减速器进行了故障诊断。首先,对采集到的时域振动信号和转速信号进行了等角度域差值采样,得到了振动信号的等角域平稳信号;然后,对等角域信号进行了集合经验模态分解,得到了若干个固有模态分量(IMFs),计算了各个固有模态分量的峭度值,选取目标模态分量进行了信号重构;接着,采用快速傅里叶变换得到了故障信号的阶次图;最后,根据减速器的传动方式、各零部件的模数,计算出了各主要部件的故障阶次,对比减速器在故障前后阶次图的能量峰值进行了故障诊断。研究结果表明:该方法能够准确提取包含故障信息的固有模态分量,实现从等时域信号到等角域信号的转换,并提取摆线针轮减速器的滚针故障阶次(8.37阶),故障准确率达到99.6%,可实现摆线针轮减速器在非平稳工况下的故障特征识别,并验证该方法的可行性和有效性。

工艺管线高效预制方案探讨

工艺管线材料种类繁多、建造工艺复杂、检验要求高,车间预制需优化图纸材料前端输入,施工过程加强管控,通过简化工序流程和提高焊接、检验效率的方式,达到快速释放的目的。采用预制前图料匹配、工单精准配送、高效管线组对工艺与自动焊接等施工措施,可加快管线预制施工效率。生产管理系统、PAUT及批次放行等现代化检验方式的应用,在保障产品质量的同时,缩短了检验周期。

常偏应力路径下花岗岩风化土的力学特性

为了探究不同围压下花岗岩风化土力学特性性能,选取广西玉林市容县花岗岩风化土作为研究对象,通过对饱和重塑花岗岩风化土进行常偏应力排水剪切(CSD)试验,研究了不同围压下风化土的力学行为过程和破坏机理,并对CSD试验后的试样进行了扫描电镜(SEM)试验,揭示了CSD试验下风化土失效的微观机理。结果表明:在孔压上升初期,试样的轴向应变增长缓慢,偏应力几乎不变;随着孔压的不断升高,平均有效应力下降至失稳点,轴向应变突然增加,偏应力迅速衰减,试样呈现出瞬变破坏的形式;在降雨入渗时,围压程度的变化对土体行为有显著影响,低围压下,试样局部水压力增大,导致鼓胀破坏。而高围压下,试样呈现伴随有软弱面的剪切破坏。

差序格局视域下民办社工机构参与乡村社区治理的过程与路径研究

乡村社区治理是我国基层治理的重要组成部分。民办社会工作服务机构通过发挥政治、专业以及地缘优势成为乡村社区治理的有效载体。在差序格局视角下,民办社会工作服务经历主动建立信任关系—重构社会支持网络—构建乡村社区共同体的治理过程,并提出中国特有乡土关系的特征下民办社会工作服务机构参与乡村社区治理的有效路径。

扰乱国家机关工作秩序罪与寻衅滋事罪适用实证分析

由于立法上部分构成要件重合、相似,扰乱国家机关工作秩序罪与寻衅滋事罪的适用极易混同。通过实证分析586份裁判文书发现:首先,法院对扰乱国家机关工作秩序罪所侵害法益的定性模糊,扰乱国家机关工作秩序罪中的国家机关工作秩序和寻衅滋事罪公共场所秩序的法益区分不明显;其次,扰乱国家机关工作秩序罪与强拿硬要、起哄闹事型寻衅滋事罪行为方式、外观高度重合。因此,区分两罪也要从法益和行为方式入手,并参考寻衅滋事罪的主观违法要素进行区分。

Exploring the factors affecting electric bicycle riders'working conditions and crash involvement in Ningbo,China

The rapid development of the delivery industry brings convenience to modern society.However,the high rates of crashes and the survival of electric bicycle(e-bike)riders in the delivery industry raise concerns.The primary objective of this study is to explore the factors affecting delivery e-bike riders’stressful work pressure and crash involvement in China.Data were collected by a questionnaire survey administered in the city of Ningbo,China.A bivariate ordered probit(BOP)model was developed to simultaneously examine the factors associated with both the working conditions of delivery e-bike riders and their involvement in crashes.The marginal effects for the contributory factors were calculated to quantify their impacts on the outcomes.The results showed that the BOP model can account for commonly unobserved characteristics of the working conditions and crash involvement of delivery e-bike riders.The BOP model results showed that the stressful working conditions of delivery e-bike riders were affected by the number of orders and delivery time and rider age and risky riding behaviors.Delivery rider involvement in crashes was affected by the number of orders,strength of the punishment for traffic violations,and familiarity with traffic regulations.It was also found that stressful working conditions and crash involvement were strongly and positively correlated.The findings of this study can enhance our understanding of the factors that affect the working conditions and delivery rider crash involvement.Based on the results,some suggestions regarding public policy,risky riding behaviors,safety promotion,and stronger corporate governance rules were discussed to increase the targeted safety-related interventions for delivery ebike riders in Ningbo,China.

数字化背景下计算机专业“工单制”教学的创新与实践研究

在推进教育数字化转型的过程中,数字化技术赋能课堂教学是关键。为了解决计算机专业教学中存在的教学脱离企业实际需求、学生自主学习能力不足、教学评价效率较低等问题,探索应用“工单制”教学模式实现课堂教学变革的路径。将“工单课堂”教学平台运用在计算机专业课程教学,挖掘“工单制”教学在教育手段、课程设计、教学情景、教学模式和评价模式等方面的创新点,围绕工单理念,开展以工单设计、教学资源建设、数字化教学、教学督导与评价为主要流程的教学活动。实践证明,“工单制”教学有效提高了教学质量,是一种适合职业院校提高人才培养质量的教学模式。

美国信号情报活动的最新指导:第14086号行政命令解析

[研究目的]拜登于2022年10月发布了第14086号行政命令《加强对美国信号情报活动的防护》,对该文件进行细致梳理和研究,可以更加全面地理解美国信号情报工作的指导思想和原则。[研究方法]以第14086号行政命令文本为基础,采用文献研读和比较研究的方法,剖析了该行政命令出台的时代背景,系统梳理了其主要内容和创新之处,并进行了较全面的评价。[研究结论]第14086号行政命令是美国对信号情报工作的最新指导,提出了更加具体的工作规范。它继续坚持以美国国家安全利益为优先的理念,秉持区分国籍确定公民保护措施的原则,其内容既体现了应对当前形势的调整,又为未来信号情报工作保留了主动作为的空间。

“三教”改革助推器:工单制教学在中职学校的实践研究

中职教育是职业教育的基础阶段,依托数字化转型推动中职学校“三教”改革具有重要现实意义。分析中职学校“三教”改革的现状,针对中职学校“三教”改革过程中工学结合流于表面、教学模式陈旧、资源建设滞后和学生技能意识淡薄等问题,论述工单制教学的内涵和意义,根据建设工单资源、开发新形态教材、实施工单制教学的路径进行实践探索。通过创新中职学校的教学模式,提升了课堂的教学质量,证明工单制教学模式对中职学校“三教”改革的深入发展起到了推动的作用。

视觉加工负荷对工作记忆中时间序列线索效应的影响

回溯线索范式在视觉工作记忆相关研究中被广泛用于提高工作记忆效能,前人研究已经证实了时间序列线索在工作记忆提取过程中的促进效应。然而,记忆负荷与时间序列线索的交互作用依然有待探索。当前研究采用工作记忆的变化检测任务结合回溯线索范式,考察记忆项目负荷变化对时间序列线索效应的影响。实验设计连续呈现两个记忆阵列,并使用序列线索提取指定的记忆阵列来考察线索对记忆表征的提取效应。结果表明:在高负荷与低负荷条件下都可以观测到序列线索效应,并且序列线索效应会随记忆负荷变化,记忆负荷的上升会减弱线索效应。该研究评估了不同负荷条件下序列线索对视觉工作记忆表征的加强,加深了对时间序列线索作用机制的理解,并拓展了时间序列线索在视觉工作记忆中的应用范围。

低代码装配管理系统设计

该文针对智能装配管理系统第二阶段的优化,主要关注系统高度定制性、用户交互和信息管理效率的提升。系统支持10 k V断路器和ZW32高压交流真空断路器等生产线,具备集中部署、独立服务和自定义表单等功能。系统设计重点包括多生产线并行支持、用户角色管理、订单处理流程优化和与现有生产信息系统的集成。同时,通过流程优化改善用户交互体验,增加更高效的数据录入方法和订单追踪功能。