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Formulation of Work-Study Combined and Result-Oriented Integrated Curriculum Standards
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作者 Lianfang LI Chunhua DU +2 位作者 Fen YANG Yun LI Yanfei NIU 《Medicinal Plant》 2024年第3期79-83,共5页
According to the Annex Technical Regulations for Integrated Curriculum Development(Trial)in Document No.30 of the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security(2012),this paper studies the form... According to the Annex Technical Regulations for Integrated Curriculum Development(Trial)in Document No.30 of the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security(2012),this paper studies the formulation of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production.We focus on the formulation ideas of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production,the formulation process of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production,including the description of typical work tasks,the determination of curriculum objectives,the analysis of study content,the description of referential study tasks,teaching implementation suggestions,assessment and evaluation suggestions,which can provide a reference for the development and research of other related integrated courses. 展开更多
关键词 Integration of work and sTUDY work process Curriculum sTANDARDs Production of Chinese MEDICINAL materials Typical work tasks REFERENTIAL sTUDY tasks
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The Impact of Nursing Staff’s Work Attitude on the Fear of Patients Recovering from Benign Tumors:Family Support as a Mediating Variable
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作者 Chengzhe Guo Aihua Cheng +1 位作者 Jian Chen Gaojie Cheng 《Psycho-Oncologie》 SCIE 2024年第4期291-303,共13页
The perception of nursing staff’s attitude influences patient fear.Understanding this dynamic is crucial for fostering a supportive environment conducive to patient well-being and effective healthcare practices.The p... The perception of nursing staff’s attitude influences patient fear.Understanding this dynamic is crucial for fostering a supportive environment conducive to patient well-being and effective healthcare practices.The purpose of this research is to investigate how the attitudes and behaviours of nursing staff influence the fear and anxiety levels of patients recovering from benign tumors,aiming to improve patient care and recovery outcomes.Data was collected from a sample of 100 participants,comprising 20 nursing staff and 80 patients recovering from benign tumors.Surveys were administered to gather quantitative data on attitudes and fear levels.Participants were selected randomly from hospital records and outpatient clinics.Our analysis encompassed nursing staff attitude,patient fear levels,the influence of family support,progression of tumor recovery,patient-reported satisfaction,and the quality of healthcare services provided.The quantitative aspect utilized PLS-SEM software to perform regression analysis,evaluating both direct and indirect effects.Statistical analysis assessed the relationships between nursing staff attitudes,patient fear during benign tumor recovery,and the mediating role of family support.The findings of the study demonstrate that better nurse attitudes(Hypothesis 1,β=0.45,p<0.001)and stronger family support(Hypothesis 2,β=0.32;p<0.001) are linked to lower levels of patient fear.Partially mediating the relationship between nurse attitudes and patient fear,according to Hypothesis 3(β=0.28,p<0.002),is family support.Patients’perceptions of family support are highly influenced by nursing behaviour,as demonstrated by Hypothesis 4(β=0.38;p<0.001).Our research showed a strong relationship between the attitudes of nursing personnel and patient fear levels.Family support demonstrated a strong mediating effect on patient fear.Patient-reported satisfaction is positively correlated with family support.However,no significant relationship was found between healthcare service quality and patient fear. 展开更多
关键词 Nursing staff’s work attitude fear of patients benign tumors recovery family support statistical analysis
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Brain functional network connectivity based on a visual task: visual information processing-related brain regions are significantly activated in the task state 被引量:2
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作者 Yan-li Yang Hong-xia Deng +2 位作者 Gui-yang Xing Xiao-luan Xia Hai-fang Li 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第2期298-307,共10页
It is not clear whether the method used in functional brain-network related research can be applied to explore the feature binding mechanism of visual perception. In this study, we inves-tigated feature binding of col... It is not clear whether the method used in functional brain-network related research can be applied to explore the feature binding mechanism of visual perception. In this study, we inves-tigated feature binding of color and shape in visual perception. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 38 healthy volunteers at rest and while performing a visual perception task to construct brain networks active during resting and task states. Results showed that brain regions involved in visual information processing were obviously activated during the task. The components were partitioned using a greedy algorithm, indicating the visual network existed during the resting state.Z-values in the vision-related brain regions were calculated, conifrming the dynamic balance of the brain network. Connectivity between brain regions was determined, and the result showed that occipital and lingual gyri were stable brain regions in the visual system network, the parietal lobe played a very important role in the binding process of color features and shape features, and the fusiform and inferior temporal gyri were crucial for processing color and shape information. Experimental ifndings indicate that understanding visual feature binding and cognitive processes will help establish computational models of vision, improve image recognition technology, and provide a new theoretical mechanism for feature binding in visual perception. 展开更多
关键词 nerve regeneration functional magnetic resonance imaging resting state task state brain network module division feature binding Fisher’s Z transform CONNECTIVITY visual stimuli NsFC grants neural regeneration
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Investigating the relationships between facets of work task and selection and query-related behavior 被引量:3
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作者 Yuelin LI 《Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science》 2012年第1期51-69,共19页
Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationships between different facets of work task and selection and query-related behavior.Design/methodology/approach:An experiment was conducted to explore the issue. The re... Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationships between different facets of work task and selection and query-related behavior.Design/methodology/approach:An experiment was conducted to explore the issue. The researcher recruited 24 participants and assigned six simulated work task situations to each of them. Each experiment lasted around 2 hours and was recorded by the software tool Morae.Findings: Time(frequency) and time(length) are more closely related to user’s selection and query-related behavior compared to the facet ‘process’ of work task. Knowledge level of work task topic, degree of work task difficulty, and subjective work task complexity are significantly correlated with selection and query-related behavior. Work task difficulty and work task complexity are different concepts. Subjective work task complexity, work task difficulty, and knowledge of work task topic are significantly correlated with user’s selection and query-related behavior.Research limitations/implications: The limitations of this study include a small sample size,limited work task situations, and possible spurious relationships. This study has implications in informing task-based information seeking/search/retrieval research and interactive information retrieval(IIR) systems design.Originality/values: Previous studies usually did not touch upon how different facets of work tasks affected interactive activities. Some studies examining task complexity and information behavior were concerned with how work tasks affect users’ behavior at information-seeking level, rather than at information search level. This study makes contribution to interactive information retrieval,task-based information search and retrieval, and personalization of IR. 展开更多
关键词 work tasks Facets of work tasks selection behavior Query-related behavior Interactive information search behavior
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Prefrontal-Parietal Correlation during Performance of a Visuospatial Working Memory Task in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults
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作者 Miguel Angel Guevara Jorge Carlos Hevia-Orozco +3 位作者 Araceli Sanz-Martin Lucía Ester Rizo-Martínez Marisela Hernández-González Mayra Linné Almanza-Sepúlveda 《Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science》 2015年第10期448-457,共10页
Development of the prefrontal cortex and its connectivity with different cortical areas has strong implications for the improvement of working memory. The aim of this research was to characterize the interhemispheric ... Development of the prefrontal cortex and its connectivity with different cortical areas has strong implications for the improvement of working memory. The aim of this research was to characterize the interhemispheric (INTER) prefrontal and hemispheric (INTRA) frontopolar-dorsolateral prefrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal-parietal correlation (r) in children, adolescents and adults during performance of a visuospatial working memory task (VSWM). INTERr and INTRAr of 36 different aged male participants (11 - 13, 18 - 20 and 26 - 30 years old) were calculated during performance of the Corsi Block-Tapping task, which assessed VSWM. On this task, children showed lower correct responses than adolescents and adults. Adults also showed lower total execution times than children and adolescents, with a more efficient performance. On the EEGs, the older groups showed both higher interfrontal correlations and left and right prefronto-parietal correlations than children. According to our results, the progressive efficiency in VSWM is related to differences in EEG patterns among children, adolescents and adults. 展开更多
关键词 Corsi Block-Tapping task EEG CORRELATIONs Development VIsUOsPATIAL working Memory
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CHALLENGES AND TASKS FOR THE CAS EDUCATIONAL WORK
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作者 Wang Fosong(Vice President of the CAS) 《Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences》 1995年第1期1-8,共8页
Ⅰ.THE PRESENT SITUATION AND THE BASIC TASKS FOR EDUCATIONAL WORK AT THE ACADEMY While human society is welcoming the turn of the century.the world is in a historical period of great change,featured by a changeable po... Ⅰ.THE PRESENT SITUATION AND THE BASIC TASKS FOR EDUCATIONAL WORK AT THE ACADEMY While human society is welcoming the turn of the century.the world is in a historical period of great change,featured by a changeable political situation and intensified international competition. Oar country and nation is facing a pressing and severe challenge.Worldwide competition in the economy and overall national strength is essentially competition involving science and technology 展开更多
关键词 CHALLENGEs AND tasks FOR THE CAs EDUCATIONAL work CAs work
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Group Work Learning In English Learning And Teaching 被引量:1
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作者 陈晴霞 《科教文汇》 2007年第11期25-26,32,共3页
Group work learning is one of the hot topics in English learning and teaching today. This discourse will probe the meaning and the advantages of group work learning, as well as its implementation. Also, the discourse ... Group work learning is one of the hot topics in English learning and teaching today. This discourse will probe the meaning and the advantages of group work learning, as well as its implementation. Also, the discourse discusses the proper time for group work learning. In addition to that, problems of group work learning are enclosed. 展开更多
关键词 GROUP work LEARNING task task-BAsED LEARNING
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A Study on Task-based Approach
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作者 董晓霞 《海外英语》 2017年第11期247-248,共2页
This paper covers the task-based approach,including its definition,types of tasks,principles and features,teacher’s role and learner’s role.The author has studied many researchers’opinions and researches,and then p... This paper covers the task-based approach,including its definition,types of tasks,principles and features,teacher’s role and learner’s role.The author has studied many researchers’opinions and researches,and then puts forward her own ideas on task-based approach.The paper contributes to the improvement of the college English teaching,and the author would like to share her opinion with others in pedagogical studies of teaching college students English. 展开更多
关键词 definition of task features of task teacher’s role student’s role
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Working-memory training improves developmental dyslexia in Chinese children 被引量:7
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作者 Yan Luo Jing Wang +2 位作者 Hanrong Wu Dongmei Zhu Yu Zhang 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第5期452-460,共9页
Although plasticity in the neural system underlies working memory, and working memory can be improved by training, there is thus far no evidence that children with developmental dyslexia can benefit from working-memor... Although plasticity in the neural system underlies working memory, and working memory can be improved by training, there is thus far no evidence that children with developmental dyslexia can benefit from working-memory training. In the present study, thirty dyslexic children aged 8-11 years were recruited from an elementary school in Wuhan, China. They received working-memory training including training in visuospatial memory, verbal memory, and central executive tasks. The difficulty of the tasks was adjusted based on the performance of each subject, and the training sessions lasted 40 minutes per day, for 5 weeks. The results showed that working-memory training significantly enhanced performance on the nontrained working memory tasks such as the visuospatial, the verbal domains, and central executive tasks in children with developmental dyslexia. More importantly, the visual rhyming task and reading fluency task were also significantly improved by training. Progress on working memory measures was related to changes in reading skills. These experimental findings indicate that working memory is a pivotal factor in reading development among children with developmental dyslexia, and interventions to improve working memory may help dyslexic children to become more proficient in reading. 展开更多
关键词 neural regeneration NEUROREHABILITATION developmental dyslexia working memory training visuospatial memory verbal memory central executive task visual rhyming task reading fluency task Chinese children brain function grants-supported paper photographs-containing paper neuroregeneration
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“钟摆逻辑”:有限结构化的村务工作模式——基于湖北S村的经验研究
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作者 张文明 刘江 《地方治理研究》 CSSCI 2024年第2期65-77,M0004,共14页
我国村级组织具有复杂性,在村务工作的组织模式、规范要求和具体内容等层面存在较大差异。研究发现,基层的村务工作呈现出明显的“钟摆逻辑”,即面对常规任务和特殊任务采取不同的应对方式。在处理常规任务时,运用分工合作的模式,将任... 我国村级组织具有复杂性,在村务工作的组织模式、规范要求和具体内容等层面存在较大差异。研究发现,基层的村务工作呈现出明显的“钟摆逻辑”,即面对常规任务和特殊任务采取不同的应对方式。在处理常规任务时,运用分工合作的模式,将任务进行条线分割,主要采用坐班制、固定工作场所及规则治理等手段;而面对特殊任务时,则结成“行动班子”,以团结合作、工作动员等方式来应对。这种在常态模式与动员模式之间的切换使得村务工作处于有限结构化的状态,有助于提升基层治理效能。 展开更多
关键词 乡村治理 钟摆逻辑 村务工作 有限结构化 分工合作体 任务共同体
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Prevalence of-and risk factors for work disability in Dutch patients with inflammatory bowel disease 被引量:2
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作者 Lieke M Spekhorst Bas Oldenburg +11 位作者 Ad A van Bodegraven Dirk J de Jong Floris Imhann Andrea E van der Meulen-de Jong Marieke J Pierik Janneke C van der Woude Gerard Dijkstra Geert D'Haens Mark Lowenberg Rinse K Weersma Eleonora AM Festen 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2017年第46期8182-8192,共11页
AIM To determine the prevalence of work disability in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), and to assess risk factors associated with work disability.METHODS For this retrospective cohort study, we retrieved clinical data... AIM To determine the prevalence of work disability in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), and to assess risk factors associated with work disability.METHODS For this retrospective cohort study, we retrieved clinical data from the Dutch IBD Biobank on July 2014, containing electronic patient records of 3388 IBD patients treated in the eight University Medical Centers in the Netherlands. Prevalence of work disability was assessed in 2794 IBD patients and compared with the general Dutch population. Multivariate analyses were performed for work disability(sick leave, partial and full disability) and long-term full work disability(> 80% work disability for > 2 years).RESULTS Prevalence of work disability was higher in Crohn's disease(CD)(29%) and ulcerative colitis(UC)(19%) patients compared to the general Dutch population(7%). In all IBD patients, female sex, a lower education level, and extra-intestinal manifestations, were associated with work disability. In CD patients, an age > 40 years at diagnosis, disease duration > 15 years,smoking, surgical interventions, and anti-TNFα use were associated with work disability. In UC patients, an age > 55 years, and immunomodulator use were associated with work disability. In CD patients, a lower education level(OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.02-2.58), and in UC patients, disease complications(OR = 3.39, 95%CI: 1.09-10.58) were associated with long-term full work disability.CONCLUSION The prevalence of work disability in IBD patients is higher than in the general Dutch population. Early assessment of risk factors for work disability is necessary, as work disability is substantial among IBD patients. 展开更多
关键词 Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis work disability Health care costs
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A Comparison Study of Working Memory Deficits between Patients with Methamphetamine-Associated Psychosis and Patients with Schizophrenia 被引量:6
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作者 Hong GAN Zhenhua SONG +4 位作者 Peiwei XU Hang SU Yingying PAN Min ZHAO Dengtang LIU 《上海精神医学》 CSCD 2018年第3期168-177,共10页
关键词 精神分裂症 精神病 记忆 变化分析 相互作用 存储器 地图 CGI
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Determining the rational layout parameters of the lateral high drainage roadway serving for two adjacent working faces 被引量:2
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作者 Li Shugang Shuang Haiqing Wang Hongsheng 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CSCD 2016年第5期795-801,共7页
To determine the rational layout parameters of the lateral high drainage roadway(LHDR) serving for two adjacent working faces, a mechanical model of the LHDR under mining influence was established, and the overburden ... To determine the rational layout parameters of the lateral high drainage roadway(LHDR) serving for two adjacent working faces, a mechanical model of the LHDR under mining influence was established, and the overburden fissure, mining-induced stress distribution rules were analyzed. First, the development characteristics of mining-induced overburden fissure and the stress distribution law of the upper section of the working face were analyzed. Second, by analyzing the distribution law of vertical stress at different layers, the lateral distance of the LHDR was determined as 25 m. Third, by analyzing the surrounding rock deformation effect, stress distribution law, and overburden fissure distribution law of the LHDR at the heights of 20, 25, and 30 m away from the roof, the rational horizon of the LHDR was determined to be 25 m. Finally, an example of a LHDR located 25 m above the roof of the No. 2 coal seam and 25 m away from the No. 2-603 working face was presented. Results show that when the No. 2-603 coalface is being mined, the surrounding rocks lag 80 m or even further and the working face tends to be stable. The relative deformations of the roof and floor of the roadway and both of its walls were 583 and 450 mm,respectively. The reduction rate of the roadway section was 21.52%–25.32%. The section of the roadway was sufficient to extract the pressure relief gas in the overburden of the No. 2-605 working face. The average gas concentration and the pure volume at the branch pipeline were 24.8% and 22.3 m^3/min,respectively, showing that the position of high-level boreholes was reasonable. 展开更多
关键词 Lateral high drainage roadway(LHDR) One gateway with two utilizations working face overburden Pressure relief gas surrounding rock’s stability
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The Impact of Spiritual Leadership on Employee’s Work Engagement--A Study Based on the Mediating Effect of Goal Self-Concordance and Self-Efficacy 被引量:1
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作者 Lei Chen Ting Wen +1 位作者 Jigan Wang Hong Gao 《International Journal of Mental Health Promotion》 2022年第1期69-84,共16页
The average stress of people in China’s workplace is reaching the peak in recent two years.To improve employee’s positive psychological factors,Spiritual leadership has a good performance in this regard.Based on the... The average stress of people in China’s workplace is reaching the peak in recent two years.To improve employee’s positive psychological factors,Spiritual leadership has a good performance in this regard.Based on the mediating effect of goal self-concordance and self-efficacy,this paper further studies the impact of spiritual leadership on employee’s work engagement.Through the empirical study,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)Spiritual leadership significantly positively affects the employee’s work engagement.(2)Spiritual leadership has a significant positive effect on goal self-concordance and self-efficacy.(3)Goal self-concordance and self-efficacy have significant positive effects on employee’s work engagement.(4)Goal self-concordance and self-efficacy play a partial mediating role in the process of spiritual leadership’s impact on employees’work engagement.This study found the new mediator which partly revealed the mechanism between the effectiveness of Spiritual Leadership and employee’s work engagement.This study may serve as one of the researches for improving the effectiveness of leaders in organizations and promoting the motivation of employees in the workplace. 展开更多
关键词 spiritual leadership employee’s work engagement goal self-concordance sELF-EFFICACY
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The Construct of the Story Continuation Writing Task: Insights From the China’s Standards of English Language Ability 被引量:1
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作者 Wei YE Wei REN Shan ZHENG 《Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics》 2021年第3期382-398,432,共18页
Although the story continuation writing task(SCWT) has attracted much research attention, few studies have investigated the construct of the task, particularly with respect to which language competence it focuses on. ... Although the story continuation writing task(SCWT) has attracted much research attention, few studies have investigated the construct of the task, particularly with respect to which language competence it focuses on. In addition, although some studies have demonstrated that China’s Standards of English Language Ability(CSE) provides comprehensive insights into the development of Chinese learners’ English language proficiency, little research has investigated the relationship between CSE and SCWT. This study drew upon the CSE to develop an SCWT language use inventory to address the above research gaps. A total of 358 high school students were asked to complete the questionnaire, of which 277 valid responses were analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis(EFA) on the CSE-based questionnaire revealed the presence of six factors, namely language correctness, language variety, task planning, connecting-and-generating, selecting-andmining, and organizing. The strategy of connecting-and-generating was the only significant predictor of the learners’ SCWT scores. The paper also discusses the findings relating to the SCWT rating and other integrated writing tasks. 展开更多
关键词 story continuation writing task(sCWT) China’s standards of English Language Ability(CsE) CONsTRUCT integrated writing
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Consistency and Validity of the Mathematical Models and the Solution Methods for BVPs and IVPs Based on Energy Methods and Principle of Virtual Work for Homogeneous Isotropic and Non-Homogeneous Non-Isotropic Solid Continua 被引量:1
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作者 Karan S. Surana Emilio N. Alverio 《Applied Mathematics》 2020年第7期546-578,共33页
Energy methods and the principle of virtual work are commonly used for obtaining solutions of boundary value problems (BVPs) and initial value problems (IVPs) associated with homogeneous, isotropic and non-homogeneous... Energy methods and the principle of virtual work are commonly used for obtaining solutions of boundary value problems (BVPs) and initial value problems (IVPs) associated with homogeneous, isotropic and non-homogeneous, non-isotropic matter without using (or in the absence of) the mathematical models of the BVPs and the IVPs. These methods are also used for deriving mathematical models for BVPs and IVPs associated with isotropic, homogeneous as well as non-homogeneous, non-isotropic continuous matter. In energy methods when applied to IVPs, one constructs energy functional (<i>I</i>) consisting of kinetic energy, strain energy and the potential energy of loads. The first variation of this energy functional (<em>δI</em>) set to zero is a necessary condition for an extremum of <i>I</i>. In this approach one could use <i>δI</i> = 0 directly in constructing computational processes such as the finite element method or could derive Euler’s equations (differential or partial differential equations) from <i>δI</i> = 0, which is also satisfied by a solution obtained from <i>δI</i> = 0. The Euler’s equations obtained from <i>δI</i> = 0 indeed are the mathematical model associated with the energy functional <i>I</i>. In case of BVPs we follow the same approach except in this case, the energy functional <i>I</i> consists of strain energy and the potential energy of loads. In using the principle of virtual work for BVPs and the IVPs, we can also accomplish the same as described above using energy methods. In this paper we investigate consistency and validity of the mathematical models for isotropic, homogeneous and non-isotropic, non-homogeneous continuous matter for BVPs that are derived using energy functional consisting of strain energy and the potential energy of loads. Similar investigation is also presented for IVPs using energy functional consisting of kinetic energy, strain energy and the potential energy of loads. The computational approaches for BVPs and the IVPs designed using energy functional and principle of virtual work, their consistency and validity are also investigated. Classical continuum mechanics (CCM) principles <i>i.e.</i> conservation and balance laws of CCM with consistent constitutive theories and the elements of calculus of variations are employed in the investigations presented in this paper. 展开更多
关键词 Energy Methods Principle of Virtual work Calculus of Variations Euler’s Equation Mathematical Model Classical and Non-Classical Continuum Mechanics
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Metropolises and World Music in Globalization: Towns, Melting Pot Works, and Jazz Classics in Memories 被引量:2
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作者 Christian Sallenave 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2017年第8期800-809,共10页
Metropolises in the globalization call nowadays Towns' of jazzmen, jazzwomen and jazz lovers, in a way from which we citizens. Christian Sallenave, sociologist with musical academic and Cities' into question. Jazz a... Metropolises in the globalization call nowadays Towns' of jazzmen, jazzwomen and jazz lovers, in a way from which we citizens. Christian Sallenave, sociologist with musical academic and Cities' into question. Jazz answers with stories and memories can learn a lesson for the future of towns, metropolises and their background, shows through examples of stories of jazz in New Orleans, New York, Paris, Bordeaux and Rome, how this nomad, notable and crossbreeding music contributes to the history of jazz, and world music, and listeners' memories, in "their own way" as towns, cities and their memories can contribute to the prosperity of the metropolises in globalization, through original melting pot works. 展开更多
关键词 TOWNs metropolises JAZZ classics jazz standards musical improvisation and melting pot works singular history and plural and universal music metropolitan space-time Creole's nomad notable and crossbreeding music.
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A Framework for Exploring the Dynamics of Autonomous Work Groups in Manufacturing Organizations
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作者 Joseph W K Chan W B Lee 《厦门大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2002年第S1期211-212,共2页
Nowadays, new paradigm of enterprise organization i s constantly changing due to the emergence of the global marketplace, the rise of information technology, and the emphasis of the social developments. This re quires... Nowadays, new paradigm of enterprise organization i s constantly changing due to the emergence of the global marketplace, the rise of information technology, and the emphasis of the social developments. This re quires a more flexible form of organization that are more adaptable to rapid cha nges in business environment such as autonomous work groups (AWGs) in order to achieve higher productivity and effectiveness. AWGs are work units responsib le for the production of goods and the provision of services. They involve team members in making decisions that are traditionally the responsibility of the sup ervisors and managers (Cohen & Bailey, 1997). Team members of AWGs are allowed t o self-regulate their behavior on jobs such as task assignments, methods for ca rrying out the work, and scheduling of activities etc. (Cohen & Ledford, 1994). For example, Motorola achieved a high organizational performance due to the succ essful implementation of AWGs in quality management (Piczak & Hauser, 1996). Xer ox also reported their operational successes based on the team-oriented work gr oups (Wageman, 1997). In recent years many organizations have replaced the traditional layers of manag ement with autonomous team-based work arrangements. Surveys indicated that the adoption of AWGs has soared in responding to the competitive business challenges . Many enterprises are making a deliberate effort to use AWGs to carry out work and operational processes as an alternative for hierarchical approaches (Lawler et al., 1995). There is a growing body of evidence that AWGs are more effective than traditionally managed groups and they contributes to organizational perform ance, such as improvement in operational performance, productivity, quality, cos t savings, employee attitude and behavior, and employee satisfaction (e.g. Pears on, 1992; Cohen & Ledford, 1994; Seers et al. 1995). Given the complexity and cognitive nature of team-based organizations, the mech anisms that the enterprises use in the development of the increasingly sophistic ated models, which can contribute to the effective functioning of AWGs, are extr emely important. The process of developing effective AWGs enables enterprises to inherent built-in intelligence of the organizations so that they will be more able to accommodate to external pressures and changes. The context of this paper is the construction of a dynamics framework and a stra tegic path for autonomous work groups in the technology-oriented manufacturing organization re-design. The framework is a conceptual one drawn from the litera ture survey. The importance of studying autonomous work groups for today’s manuf acturing organizations is claimed. Based on the General System Theory (GST), the characterization of AWGs is addressed. Three-dimensional domains such as t echnical content, service content, and relationship content are identified. A st rategic path is proposed to guide the organizations how the development of AWGs progresses at different levels of maturity that are associated with organization al effectiveness and performance. The utility of the model for AWGs is expected to provide technology-oriented organizations with a strategic path to achieve h igher organizational performance. 展开更多
关键词 autonomous work group three-dimensional dynamic s model general systems theory EFFECTIVENEss maturity level
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Evidence for Incremental Validity of Proactive Personality in Predicting Task Performance 被引量:1
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作者 Bharati B. Belwalkar Jerome J. Tobacyk 《Psychology Research》 2016年第11期631-639,共9页
关键词 工作绩效 预测能力 人格 证据 增量 环境变化 研究人员 职业生涯
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Sleep Deprivation Affects Working Memory in Low but Not in High Complexity for the N-Back Test
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作者 Guadalupe J. Terán-Pérez Alejandra E. Ruiz-Contreras +4 位作者 Rosa O. González-Robles Rosario Tarrago-Castellanos Roberto E. Mercadillo Anabel Jiménez-Anguiano Javier Velázquez-Moctezuma 《Neuroscience & Medicine》 2012年第4期380-386,共7页
Sleep clearly influences learning and memory since sleep deprivation and stress impairs both cognitive processes. Working memory is an essential cognitive process and refers to a short-term holding of incoming informa... Sleep clearly influences learning and memory since sleep deprivation and stress impairs both cognitive processes. Working memory is an essential cognitive process and refers to a short-term holding of incoming information required to update the long-term mnemonic storage and to manipulate new elements in order to solve problems and make decisions. Nevertheless, the influence of sleep deprivation on working memory has scarcely been studied. In this study we evaluated working memory using the N-back test after increasing periods of wakefulness. Healthy young males were kept awake for 36 hours and the two N-back tasks with low (1-Back) and high (3-Back) levels of complexity were applied every 6 hours. Additionally, salivary cortisol was determined along the study. Unlike the control non-deprived participants, the sleep deprived volunteers showed a significant decrease in their efficiency to solve the 1-Back task after 24 hours of sleep deprivation. However, no differences were observed after 30 and 36 hours of sleep deprivation. Concerning the 3-Back task no differences were observed after sleep deprivation. Regarding reaction time, the deprived group manifested slower responses for the 1-Back task and for the 3-Back task after 30 hours and 36 hours of sleep deprivation, respectively. Cortisol levels presented the normal daily oscillation and no differences were observed between groups. This data suggests that sleep deprivation affects basal states of attention instead of working memory while performing simple tasks. The impact of sleep deprivation on the cognitive performance depends on the moment of day when the task is applied and the complexity of the tests used to assess these mnemonic skills. 展开更多
关键词 sLEEP DEPRIVATION working Memory CORTIsOL Levels N-BACK task stress
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