Farmers’ Practices for the Orchard’s Maintenance and Post-Harvest Treatment of Cocoa in Infiltrated Classified and Unclassified Zone of Méagui (South-West, Côte d’Ivoire)

An important part of Ivorian cocoa production comes from infiltrated classified forests. The objective of this study is to investigate orchard maintenance and post-harvest cocoa treatment practices used by cocoa farmers in infiltrated classified and unclassified areas of Méagui. To do this, 110 producers in two localities of the said zone were individually interviewed from February to April 2022, using a declarative questionnaire. It was found that cocoa orchards in the zone are aging. Nearly 68.55% of producers were heirs and 58.33% of those interviewed were under 46 years of age, with an average age of 43 years. Nearly 84.55% of the producers surveyed mainly use chemical insecticides to control the pests of greatest concern in these localities. Regarding the frequency of insecticide treatments, 11.82% of producers make 1 to 2 applications a year, 29.09% make 3 to 5 applications a year, and 43.64% make at least 6 applications a year. The active substances of the most used products belong to 99% of the Neonicotinoid and Pyrethroid families. Regarding cocoa harvesting and post-harvest operations, 93.64% of the producers carry out a single harvest/month;all do the shelling with mini machetes. Beans are fermented mainly in black plastic tarpaulins or in bags, for a period of 3 to 5 days (65.45%). Drying is done almost entirely (91.82%) on the black plastic tarp. This study shows that cocoa farmers in the areas surveyed do not respect the recommendations issued on phytosanitary practices and post-harvest treatment of cocoa. This non-compliance with the standards of good practices prescribed is particularly more accentuated in the locality located in infiltrated classified zone. It would, therefore, be judicious to revise or redefine the phytosanitary recommendations and carry out sensitization and training-follow-up programs for producers in this important cocoa production area of C?te d’Ivoire.

Farmers’ Practices for the Orchard’s Maintenance and Post-Harvest Treatment of Cocoa in Infiltrated Classified and Unclassified Zone of Méagui (South-West, Côte d’Ivoire)

An important part of Ivorian cocoa production comes from infiltrated classified forests. The objective of this study is to investigate orchard maintenance and post-harvest cocoa treatment practices used by cocoa farmers in infiltrated classified and unclassified areas of Méagui. To do this, 110 producers in two localities of the said zone were individually interviewed from February to April 2022, using a declarative questionnaire. It was found that cocoa orchards in the zone are aging. Nearly 68.55% of producers were heirs and 58.33% of those interviewed were under 46 years of age, with an average age of 43 years. Nearly 84.55% of the producers surveyed mainly use chemical insecticides to control the pests of greatest concern in these localities. Regarding the frequency of insecticide treatments, 11.82% of producers make 1 to 2 applications a year, 29.09% make 3 to 5 applications a year, and 43.64% make at least 6 applications a year. The active substances of the most used products belong to 99% of the Neonicotinoid and Pyrethroid families. Regarding cocoa harvesting and post-harvest operations, 93.64% of the producers carry out a single harvest/month;all do the shelling with mini machetes. Beans are fermented mainly in black plastic tarpaulins or in bags, for a period of 3 to 5 days (65.45%). Drying is done almost entirely (91.82%) on the black plastic tarp. This study shows that cocoa farmers in the areas surveyed do not respect the recommendations issued on phytosanitary practices and post-harvest treatment of cocoa. This non-compliance with the standards of good practices prescribed is particularly more accentuated in the locality located in infiltrated classified zone. It would, therefore, be judicious to revise or redefine the phytosanitary recommendations and carry out sensitization and training-follow-up programs for producers in this important cocoa production area of C?te d’Ivoire.

Salvage logging versus natural regeneration post-fire practices in a forest: Soil chemical and microbial aspects

The increase in forest-wildfire events around the world has revived the old debate regarding the practice of salvage logging and its effectiveness in comparison to the unlogged, natural regeneration of burned forests. Since the logging of burned trees may have undesirable outcomes in soil systems, such as soil compaction and nutrient losses, these changes could further cause disturbances to soil microbial-community activity. The aim of this study was to examine chemical and biological changes in soil under two post-fire practices: salvage logging and unlogged, natural regeneration of burned areas, in the recently burned Byria Forest in Israel. Results indicated that salvage logging had a short- lived effect on soil chemical and biological properties that was confined mostly to the first year after logging. Soil moisture was greatly affected by salvage logging, and drier conditions were found in the logged compared to the unlogged burned areas. Moreover, logging had a negative effect on microbial biomass, with reduced biomass in the logged compared to unlogged areas, which was more evident during the first year after fire. These findings support the recommendations in the literature to postpone post-fire practices such as logging or, in turn, to combine the two practices in order to create a mosaic of burned-logged and burned-naturally regenerated areas.

Probe into Post Practice of Normal School Students in Local Universities

As an important measure of educational reform,post practice can not only improve the practical skills of normal university students in education and teaching,but also relieve the pressure of teachers.Based on this,the Questionnaire for Internship Students and the way of stratified sampling with random sampling were used to conduct a questionnaire survey for Internship Students in Sichuan Normal University in this study;and the problems existing in normal students'post practice were analyzed,then some suggestions were proposed to enhance the practicability and effectiveness of the post practice of normal students in Colleges and universities.

Knowledge and Practices among Nurses Regarding Patients’ Care Following Cardiac Catheterization at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices among nurses regarding patient care, following cardiac catheterization, at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality, globally. Nurses are the largest body of health care professionals who attempt to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases. Design: This study employed a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study design to answer the research questions. Methodology: The data were collected from 70 participants using two instruments. Knowledge was assessed through a 50-multiple-choice questions-based questionnaire, whereas, to assess the practices, an observational checklist was utilized which comprised of 20 components. Findings: The majority of the nurses, 54.3%, had adequate, 40% nurses had inadequate, and only 5.7% nurses had excellent knowledge scores. Moreover, 87.1% nurses were observed as carrying out unsatisfactory practices, whereas, only 12.9% nurses were found carrying out satisfactory practices. Conclusion: Since variation in the practices was observed in each of the department, therefore, there is a need for further research, to assess nurses’ attitudes through a qualitative approach and to develop and implement a standard post-cardiac catheterization care protocol.

Impacts of Field Harvesting and Conservation Practices on the Physical Quality of Yam “Kponan” (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata) of Côte D’Ivoire

Yam “Kponan” (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata) is a popular staple food in Côte d’Ivoire. However, its rapid decay during conservation prevents regular supply of markets. The objective of this study was therefore to assess the impact of field cultivation and conservation practices on some physical quality parameters of “Kponan”. To this end, “Kponan” yam from three production areas (Bondoukou, Bouna, Kouassi-Kouassikro) was cultivated in each area. At maturity, physical parameters of yams at harvest and after 3 months of storage in field were analyzed. The results showed that injury was the most significant deterioration in yam harvest. The rate of injured yams was highest for hoe-harvested in Kouassi-Kouassikro area (16.67% - 22.22%) regardless of the origin of the cuttings. The main damage observed after the 3 months of storage was rots (22.86% - 60.00%) and weight loss (8.57% - 42.86%). However, yams stored in pits in Bouna zone had less damage (40% - 48.87%) than those stored under straw huts in Bondoukou locality (100%) and at shade under a tree in Kouassi-Kouassikro area (100%). In conclusion, the physical quality of “Kponan” in field is most affected by abusive use of herbicides during weeding and clearing, hoe harvesting and storage in the shade under a tree.

后疫情时代课程思政在基础护理学实践课程中的实施和效果研究

目的:探究后疫情时代课程思政在基础护理学实践课程中的实施效果。方法:2020年9月至12月选择沈阳医学院186名护理专业大学生,随机分为对照组(n=92)和试验组(n=94)。对照组实施传统常规实践教学,试验组在对照组的基础上结合课程思政教学,调查两组护生的职业认同感、学生评价和考核成绩情况。结果:试验组护生职业认同感总分和各维度均高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组的学生评价和考核成绩均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:后疫情时代,在基础护理学实践课程中实施课程思政,有利于提高护生的职业认同感和操作技能水平。

研究生高级生物化学课程教学模式改革与实践

该文分析目前烟台大学高级生物化学课程教学的现状和存在问题,在作者多年高级生物化学课程教学与实践的基础上,就课程的教学模式和教学手段等做重新设计和改进。经过教学实践检验,新的教学模式在提高研究生知识水平和多方面能力培养方面具有明显效果,并被绝大部分学生喜欢和肯定。今后还将不断总结经验,完善改革成果,为提高课程的教学质量和高层次人才培养水平而不懈努力。

“三位一体”临床实践能力培养模式的构建与应用

对医学生进行规范化的临床技能训练是高等医学教育实践教学改革实施的关键。针对当前高校临床实践教学过程中存在教学水平和硬件差异化明显等问题,大连医科大学附属第一医院以提高学生临床实践能力、促进理论与实践相结合为目标,采用“三位一体”模式应用于卓越医学人才的培养中,即“三阶段”医学本科生标准临床技能培训(大医模式)、结合循证医学的以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)/以案例为基础的教学法(case-based learning,CBL)、基于互联网资源实施的交互式教学模式。这一模式在大连医科大学备战校内技能大赛的学生中得到了应用,并取得了显著成效,即学生在校内比赛中荣获一等奖。实践证明,“三位一体”临床实践能力培养模式能够助力学生岗位胜任力的提高,受到师生欢迎。

高职化工类专业“虚实交替、四岗递进”实践教学体系的研究

石油和化学工业在国家能源发展战略下,进入产业升级改造的高质量发展阶段,对高职化工类专业人才规格的要求发生转变。应对此新变化,聚焦“新工科”专业内涵,结合化工产业生产过程的特点,调查研究和比对、“联网”改革实践教学内容、“联动”模式建立实习基地、科学把握五大要素,构建了相对较为独立的高职化工类专业“虚实交替、四岗递进”实践教学体系,并联合同类职业院校推广应用和实践研究。经过两年实践,成效显著,增强了人才就业竞争力、激发了创新创业思维,同时可进一步提升实践教学条件建设水平,促使教师队伍工业化建设,为高职化工类专业人才培养、提高人才培养质量提供借鉴。

中国台湾地区护理岗位进阶管理现状及启示

“十四五”时期,公立医院进入高质量发展新阶段,为进一步提升护理科学化管理水平,建立完善的护理岗位管理制度,深化护士岗位管理工作,文章从我国台湾地区医院护理人员的岗位进阶管理发展、管理现状等方面进行梳理归纳,以期为我国未来的护理岗位管理工作提供参考。

日间手术中心护士岗位胜任力的培训实践与成效

目的探讨以岗位胜任力为核心的培训模式在日间手术中心护士培训中的作用。方法选取2023年1—6月重庆医科大学附属第一医院新成立的日间手术中心的14名护士作为培训对象,采用非同期对照法,将2023年1—3月设为培训前,采取传统培训模式;将2023年4—6月设为培训后,以“5W1H”管理理念为指导,制订培训计划,采取多维度内容、多元化形式、多层面师资进行教学实践。同时,培训前后分别选取重庆医科大学附属第一医院日间手术中心的100例患者作为调查对象。对护士培训前后的岗位胜任力、护理质量、患者满意度等进行评价。结果培训后,日间手术中心护士的理论成绩[(82.67±1.87)分]、技能成绩[(86.86±2.83)分]高于培训前[(75.88±1.89)分、(80.61±1.98)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。培训后,日间手术中心护士的专业护理能力、健康教育能力、安全管理能力、沟通协调能力维度得分均高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。培训后,手术患者对日间手术中心护士的专业能力、服务意识、沟通技巧满意度得分及总分高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。培训后,日间手术中心护士的护理质量总分高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以岗位胜任力为核心的培训模式能够在短期内提高日间手术中心护士的岗位胜任力,并提升护理质量和患者满意度。

走向“超实践美学”——后理论时代中国当代美学建构的第三条道路

实践美学重视以物质生产为中心的实践活动,而后实践美学则采取了一种“去实践化”的举动。实践美学和后实践美学共享着同一种有关实践的理念,即都对实践作了一种非哲学的、社会学化的、历史科学化的理解。20世纪西方的实践哲学和美学转向提出了“审美在何种意义上是一种实践”这个大问题。审美可以是一种实践,但不是实践美学和后实践美学眼中的实践,而是一种奠基在源初的生活世界中的前反思性的现象学意义上的实践。“超实践”不是不要实践,而是回到一种带有原发性的、主客未分状态下的前反思性实践。超实践美学建立在一种崭新的“超实践”观的基础上,是后理论时代中国当代美学建构中出现的一种新的美学形态,是中国当代美学研究的第三条道路。

后北京冬奥会时代高校冰雪运动专业《运动解剖学》课程改革与实践路径创新研究

探讨后北京冬奥会时代高校冰雪运动专业《运动解剖学》课程的改革与实践措施,促进学生的专业素质培养。研究方法:通过教学实践与访谈,对冰雪运动专业学生的学习状况和存在问题进行了分析,并借鉴国内外高水平高校的课程改革经验。研究结果:提出了高校冰雪运动专业《运动解剖学》课程改革的3个方面:(1)更新课程内容,强化应用导向;(2)优化教学方法,采用案例教学和翻转课堂模式;(3)创新实践模式,采用平时开展培训营等多元评估。研究结论:高校冰雪运动专业《运动解剖学》课程的改革与实践,有助于激发学生学习积极性,提高课程的实际应用性,从而提高学生的专业能力和素质。

“岗课赛证”融通下的《医药商品实务》课程教学改革与实践

目的基于“岗课赛证”融通,开展《医药商品实务》课程教学改革,以提高课程教学质量,培养适应医药行业发展的高素质技术技能型人才。方法厘清岗课赛证融通的内涵和路径,以药店岗位需求重构课程内容,依据学情等确立三维教学目标,创新“12345”的教学策略,虚实结合构建教学资源,融入思政元素,采用素能并重的评价体系,实施混合式教学模式。结果和结论教学改革促进“德、知、技”全面提升。《医药商品实务》课程教学改革有特色、有创新,成效显著。

非意愿妊娠女性人工流产后放置吉妮致美IUD效果

目的:探讨非意愿妊娠女性人工流产后放置吉妮致美宫内节育器(IUD)效果.方法:以2021年7月-2022年7月在本院自愿要求人工流产术的未育女性213例,对实行流产后关爱干预,其中选择IUD避孕103例为观察组,未选择IUD避孕方法110例为对照组,问卷调查比较两组干预前后对人工流产危害的知信行,比较流产后性生活恢复时间,随访1年非意愿妊娠及其妊娠原因、人工流产情况.结果:干预前后两组对人工流产危害性知识理论认知、态度信念、行为能力评分均提升(P<0.05),但两组间无差异;干预后观察组性生活恢复时间(3.7±0.1月)晚于对照组(3.2±0.9月),非意愿妊娠发生(8例,7.8%)低于对照组(24例,21.8%)(P<0.05),两组人工流产(0.9%、1.9%)发生无差异,观察组非意愿妊娠原因均为IUD脱落,对照组为避孕措施失败(11例,45.8%)和未避孕或避孕措施使用不正确(13例,54.2%).结论:吉妮致美IUD对降低人工流产后妇女非意愿妊娠有效,但需要重视IUD脱落率问题.

医护人员临床营养岗位实操能力培训课程构建与应用

目的探讨医护人员临床营养岗位实操能力培训课程构建与应用,为医护人员临床营养的岗位胜任力培训模式提供参考。方法遵循“营养风险筛查—评估—诊断—治疗—监测与调整”规范化临床营养诊疗流程构建培训课程体系。以提高临床营养岗位胜任力为培训目标,对来自湖南省内二级及以上医疗机构共51名培训学员采用理论授课(14个课时)与实践技能培训(7个课时)相结合的培训模式。在培训结束后,通过学员满意度调查和理论考核两种方式进行培训效果评价。结果培训学员满意度调查问卷结果显示总体满意度评分为(97.82±1.52)分,理论考核总成绩为(92.14±6.19)分。同时对考核题型和扣分知识点等具体情况进行分析,发现再喂养综合征、微型营养评定简表、膳食调查、主观整体营养评估以及特殊医学用途配方食品等知识点尚未完全掌握。结论规范化的医护人员临床营养岗位实操能力培训完整的系列课程能有效提高医护人员营养理论知识水平和实操技能,提升临床营养岗位胜任力,该培训模式值得借鉴、推广和应用。

基于临床实践问题培养研究生创新能力的探讨

培养创新型高层次复合型医学人才是目前临床医学研究生教育的重要目标。临床实践是培养学生实际工作能力的重要环节,因此基于临床实践—发现问题—解决问题的科研实验设计对临床医学研究生科研能力的培养至关重要,基于解决临床实践问题的创新引导教学将可能显著提升临床医学研究生科研创新能力。文章对发掘临床实践问题与培养科研创新能力的脱钩原因进行剖析,对发掘临床实践问题与培养临床医学研究生科研创新能力的新型引导教学模式的研究进展进行综述,探讨应对策略及措施,以期为临床医学研究生的科研素质培养提供新思路。

生命美学不属于后实践美学

本文完全不涉及对于后实践美学(时期、思潮)的任何评价,仅仅是想在学术史上进行澄清:生命美学并不属于后实践美学(时期、思潮)。从发表的时间来看,生命美学的文章比后实践美学(时期、思潮)的文章早了9年,生命美学的专著比后实践美学(时期、思潮)的专著早了17年。如果要把早于后实践美学(时期、思潮)的生命美学纳入后实践美学(时期、思潮)的麾下,无疑会导致“关公战秦琼”之类的尴尬。学术史的研究,应该尊重发表先后的事实。如果中国当代美学史研究不符合历史原样,就会显得极不严肃。对于中国当代美学史的真实图景而言,这种做法是极不合适的。