Communication is vital for construction safety, but how it influences unsafe behavior in the work-place remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationships between communication, cognitive failure, and unsaf...Communication is vital for construction safety, but how it influences unsafe behavior in the work-place remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationships between communication, cognitive failure, and unsafe behaviors in order to clarify those mechanics. We defined communication as management input, worker cognitive failure as process, and actual behaviors as management output. We collected data from three Chinese steel construction crews and utilized experience/behavior sampling and questionnaire surveys to collect project information. Bivariate statistical analyses were conducted to explain how communication affected unsafe behavior. The results showed that, rather than communication frequency, management communication style was significantly related to worker cognitive failure;specifically, communication style was related to perception of convenience and self-capacity, which could be upstream factors explaining unsafe behavior at the construction jobsite. This research provided statistical evidence supporting the hypothesized association among safety communication, cognitive failure, and behavior, bridging the missing gaps of previous research. Nonetheless, readers should interpret the results cautiously because of the limitations listed as follows. First, sample size is relatively small. In addition, crew turnover may mediate the relationship between communication and safe behaviors therefore, the impact of communication on cognitive failure can be blurred and a longitudinal study on specific crews working on the same job site could be used to evaluate it. Third, future research should focus on communication style, as it directly relates to the human cognitions that affect unsafe behavior at construction sites.展开更多
Objective To investigate the attitude and sexual behavior status and change among HIV positive female workers in entertainment sites in Kaiyuan city, Yunnan province, China. The key information should be applied in th...Objective To investigate the attitude and sexual behavior status and change among HIV positive female workers in entertainment sites in Kaiyuan city, Yunnan province, China. The key information should be applied in the integrated intervention program in future. Methods A cohort survey among HIV positive female workers was conducted during 12 months, between 2010 and 2012. All the risk sexual behavior and attitude were collected for assessment for the potential secondary transmission to sexual partners. Results Of 99 HIV positive women who sell sex in Kaiyuan city, 99 participated in the survey at baseline, 80, 80, 75, and 75 at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups. The percentage of participants who reported consistently used condoms in the last one month ranged between 94.5% and 95.5%. The client volume in the last one month, income per sex and age group were significant related with non-insistent condom use with their clients. Conclusion It was suggested that integrated intervention program package should include 100 percent condom use promotion for the HIV positive FSW with all sexual partners, and also, include socially support involved.展开更多
Objective To assess the HIV/STDs knowledge and risk behaviors related factors among female sex workers(FSWs)in Shanghai,China.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 districts(including 3 suburbs and 2 urba...Objective To assess the HIV/STDs knowledge and risk behaviors related factors among female sex workers(FSWs)in Shanghai,China.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 districts(including 3 suburbs and 2 urban districts).A total of 324 FSWs from 88 massage parlors and hair-beauty salons participated in the survey.An interviewer-administrated questionnaire was used to collect information.Results The average score of HIV/STDs knowledge was 15.2±3.9.Multivariate analyses indicated that limited education [odds ratio(OR):8.6,95% confidence interval(CI):2.9-25.6],coming from suburbs [odds ratio(OR):3.7,95% confidence interval(CI):2.0-6.8],monthly income less than 1500 RMB(220 US$)[odds ratio(OR):3.9,95% confidence interval(CI):1.9-8.1],without HIV/STDs-related education experience(OR:5.2,95% CI:2.8-9.5),and coming from provinces of low epidemic(OR:2.7,95% CI:1.1-6.6)were significant predictors of lower HIV/STDs knowledge.And 29.5% FSWs had sex without a condom when clients paid much more money,and 46.3% had the experience of condom broke or slipped during commercial sexual intercourse.Conclusion Health promotion should be conducted to enhance HIV/STDs knowledge and reduce risk behaviors among FSWs from suburbs with limited education in Shanghai especially.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Today, according to the WHO, workplace stress is particularly common. Several medical and scientific studies have shown that workplace stress can have a serious impact on overa...<strong>Background:</strong> Today, according to the WHO, workplace stress is particularly common. Several medical and scientific studies have shown that workplace stress can have a serious impact on overall health, a triggering or aggravating factor for many diseases and pathological conditions. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a stress-reducing eight-week workshop and online messages campaign on office workers. <strong>Methods:</strong> To collect data of this quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-test, DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) was used (only part stress;14 items). For eligible samples, stress-reducing workshops and online messages were held for 8 weeks by a specialist. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. <strong>Results:</strong> Of the 68 participants at the beginning, 43 participants were able to follow up on the 8-week campaign. The drop of participants must be explained by the sudden Covid-19 situation and the postponement of the UEFA EURO 2020 football activities. Overall, 13 of 14 items of stress perception had a decreased score number from pre-test to the post-test results in participants. The test results revealed that there was a significant difference mean of stress score before and after the participants got the campaign with the p-value less than 0.001. The mean difference was 4.18. It meant that after the campaign the mean of the stress score decrease was 4.18. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The intervention at the workplace of office employees at UEFA, the United European Football Association, has shown that simple specific lifestyle behaviors, wrapped up in weekly workshops and online messages over a period of eight weeks, significantly reduced stress and stress-related conditions in office employees and improved positive dimensions of mental health and stress-related behavior. This campaign can be applicable to office workers of any type of organization or company.展开更多
文摘Communication is vital for construction safety, but how it influences unsafe behavior in the work-place remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationships between communication, cognitive failure, and unsafe behaviors in order to clarify those mechanics. We defined communication as management input, worker cognitive failure as process, and actual behaviors as management output. We collected data from three Chinese steel construction crews and utilized experience/behavior sampling and questionnaire surveys to collect project information. Bivariate statistical analyses were conducted to explain how communication affected unsafe behavior. The results showed that, rather than communication frequency, management communication style was significantly related to worker cognitive failure;specifically, communication style was related to perception of convenience and self-capacity, which could be upstream factors explaining unsafe behavior at the construction jobsite. This research provided statistical evidence supporting the hypothesized association among safety communication, cognitive failure, and behavior, bridging the missing gaps of previous research. Nonetheless, readers should interpret the results cautiously because of the limitations listed as follows. First, sample size is relatively small. In addition, crew turnover may mediate the relationship between communication and safe behaviors therefore, the impact of communication on cognitive failure can be blurred and a longitudinal study on specific crews working on the same job site could be used to evaluate it. Third, future research should focus on communication style, as it directly relates to the human cognitions that affect unsafe behavior at construction sites.
基金supported by the United States National Institute of Health/National Institute on Drug Abuse(US NIH/NIDA Grant No:5R01DA024864)the Mega-Projects of National Science Research for the ‘Eleventh Five-Year Plan’ of China(No:2008ZXl000l-003)
文摘Objective To investigate the attitude and sexual behavior status and change among HIV positive female workers in entertainment sites in Kaiyuan city, Yunnan province, China. The key information should be applied in the integrated intervention program in future. Methods A cohort survey among HIV positive female workers was conducted during 12 months, between 2010 and 2012. All the risk sexual behavior and attitude were collected for assessment for the potential secondary transmission to sexual partners. Results Of 99 HIV positive women who sell sex in Kaiyuan city, 99 participated in the survey at baseline, 80, 80, 75, and 75 at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups. The percentage of participants who reported consistently used condoms in the last one month ranged between 94.5% and 95.5%. The client volume in the last one month, income per sex and age group were significant related with non-insistent condom use with their clients. Conclusion It was suggested that integrated intervention program package should include 100 percent condom use promotion for the HIV positive FSW with all sexual partners, and also, include socially support involved.
基金Supported by Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau Foundation(08GWQ055)Shanghai Education Committee Foundation(10YS50)
文摘Objective To assess the HIV/STDs knowledge and risk behaviors related factors among female sex workers(FSWs)in Shanghai,China.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 districts(including 3 suburbs and 2 urban districts).A total of 324 FSWs from 88 massage parlors and hair-beauty salons participated in the survey.An interviewer-administrated questionnaire was used to collect information.Results The average score of HIV/STDs knowledge was 15.2±3.9.Multivariate analyses indicated that limited education [odds ratio(OR):8.6,95% confidence interval(CI):2.9-25.6],coming from suburbs [odds ratio(OR):3.7,95% confidence interval(CI):2.0-6.8],monthly income less than 1500 RMB(220 US$)[odds ratio(OR):3.9,95% confidence interval(CI):1.9-8.1],without HIV/STDs-related education experience(OR:5.2,95% CI:2.8-9.5),and coming from provinces of low epidemic(OR:2.7,95% CI:1.1-6.6)were significant predictors of lower HIV/STDs knowledge.And 29.5% FSWs had sex without a condom when clients paid much more money,and 46.3% had the experience of condom broke or slipped during commercial sexual intercourse.Conclusion Health promotion should be conducted to enhance HIV/STDs knowledge and reduce risk behaviors among FSWs from suburbs with limited education in Shanghai especially.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Today, according to the WHO, workplace stress is particularly common. Several medical and scientific studies have shown that workplace stress can have a serious impact on overall health, a triggering or aggravating factor for many diseases and pathological conditions. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a stress-reducing eight-week workshop and online messages campaign on office workers. <strong>Methods:</strong> To collect data of this quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-test, DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) was used (only part stress;14 items). For eligible samples, stress-reducing workshops and online messages were held for 8 weeks by a specialist. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. <strong>Results:</strong> Of the 68 participants at the beginning, 43 participants were able to follow up on the 8-week campaign. The drop of participants must be explained by the sudden Covid-19 situation and the postponement of the UEFA EURO 2020 football activities. Overall, 13 of 14 items of stress perception had a decreased score number from pre-test to the post-test results in participants. The test results revealed that there was a significant difference mean of stress score before and after the participants got the campaign with the p-value less than 0.001. The mean difference was 4.18. It meant that after the campaign the mean of the stress score decrease was 4.18. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The intervention at the workplace of office employees at UEFA, the United European Football Association, has shown that simple specific lifestyle behaviors, wrapped up in weekly workshops and online messages over a period of eight weeks, significantly reduced stress and stress-related conditions in office employees and improved positive dimensions of mental health and stress-related behavior. This campaign can be applicable to office workers of any type of organization or company.
