Evaluation of Occupational Risk Factors for Healthcare Workers through Analysis of the Florida Workers’ Compensation Claims Database

The purpose of this study is to evaluate occupational risk factors for nurses and CNAs by analyzing the Florida workers’ compensation claims database. Risk factors for the cause of injury, nature of injury, body part injured, and demographic and lifestyle factors were evaluated for a sample of CNAs, nurses, and restaurant servers. The results identified falls, lifting, being struck, and pushing and pulling as major causes for injury among nurses and CNAs as compared to servers. Regarding the nature of injury, sprains and strains constituted the majority of claims for nurses and CNAS with the lower back being the body part most commonly injured in a claim. The results of this study indicate that nurses and CNAs are at far greater risk for physical injury than injury or illness from chemical or biological exposures. It is recommended that emphasis must be placed on interventions for musculoskeletal injuries such as falls and lifting, taking into account environmental factors such as age and lifestyle factors that further exacerbate risk for injury.

Urbanization and Workers' Compensation in China from 1995 to 2012

In order to determine the trend in the number of employees covered by workers＇ compensation （WC） and trends in the burdens and benefits of WC, and to discuss the possible factors that might influence those trends. A relevant national statistical data from 1995 to 2012 are collected and analyzed. In the results, we found that the proportion of employees covered by WC to total employees in urban areas increased from 13.7% in 1995 to 51.2% in 2012 and also exhibited a significant degree of polarization. In 2012, 27.3% of the peasant workers were covered by WC, which accounted for 37.8% of the total employees covered by WC. Factors found to impact the number of employees covered by WC and trends in the burdens and benefits of WC from 1995 to date in China included urbanization, represented by the migration of farm labor to urban areas, changes in industry mix, regional disparity, GDP movements, and changes to legislation on WC and occupational health and safety. It still has a long way to go to reduce work-related injuries and occupational diseases （ODs） to levels comparable with other industrialized countries.

Analysis on the issue of migram workers pension insurance

Since the reform and opening up, an emerging force continues to promote the development of urbanization and modernization. They made a great contribution to society; it is the most urgent matter of concern by the State and Government about their pension insurance. Since the introduction of Social Insurance Law, weather it plays a role and protects a part overlooked group＇ pension insurance, we do not know the effect because of the short time. However, how to solve the problem of migrant workers pension insurance is needed to solve a major problem of our country. Therefore, this paper analyzes the current status quo and identifies the causes of the problem and puts forward reasonable suggestions.

Analysis on the Causes of the Plight of Chinese Rural Migrant Workers＇ Endowment Insurance

At present, Chinese society is from traditional society to modern society in transition to accelerate, in the social, political, and economic structure, great changes have taken place; due to strong liquidity, migrant workers＇ groups in social security, are still in the stage of development, and there are still a lot of problems, especially the problem of endowment insurance. Although local governments develop the old-age insurance of migrant workers with their own characteristics, and have their respective advantages, but the effect is not ideal, as follows： ＂one low and one high＂, namely the migrant workers＇ participation rate was low and the insurance of migrant workers was ＂high rate of surrender＂. The reason is both within the Chinese social transformation factors, and external economic globalization competition; both obiectively, government policy implementation is not in place, and subjectively, migrant workers lack insured willing.

Influence of traditional values for migrant workers to participate in endowment insurance

Since the reform and opening up, labor force from countryside turn to cities with the developing of market economy, migrant workers have become a new class in our social stratum which has made a great contribution for the Chinese construction and the national economy. The related interests about endowment insurance to migrant workers have a great significance on their old life. The latest information released by the National Bureau of Statistics show that the proportion of migrant workers to participate in endowment insurance is only 15.7%. The actively of migrant workers attend pension insurance is not very high. The article through learning the literature, a method combining empirical research and the interview, find that the traditional values are still an important aspect to bound migrant workers to attend endowment insurance. Especially their traditional concepts of ＂raise children to provide against old age＂ are still very strong.

The Empirical Study of Social Insurance for Migrant Workers

The social insurance problem of migrant workers is one of the main social problems that need to be solved in the city modernization and industrialization construction in China. The outstanding reflections are that attaching less importance to social insurance system, too high insurance fee and not perfect security system and other phenomena. This paper focuses on the empirical study and analysis of this type of problems, in order to put forward the feasible solution of social insurance for migrant workers. The migrant workers generally refer to the labor workers of household registration as farmers working in towns for non-agricultural occupation. At present, China＇ s migrant workers has exceeded 2.6 billion, and this group has been long in the city and rural edge, difficult to get the social insurance policy. According to the National Bureau statistics data, the migrant workers of not buying industrial injury insurance, endowment insurance, medical insurance and unemployment insurance are respectively 67.64%, 73.37%, 73.77% and 84.65%. In order to guarantee the interests of vulnerable groups in the marginalized position, the social insurance problems of migrant workers have become the our focus.

Non-equilibrium Analysis of Migrant Workers ' Medical Insurance System under the Background of Citizenization

The participation of migrant workers in medical insurance of urban workers is a formal institutional arrangement. However,in reality,the insurance participation rate of migrant workers is low and the medical insurance taken by the migrant workers is not sufficient,which seriously hinders the process of the citizenization of migrant workers. The main reason lies in the unbalanced supply and demand of the current system. With the continuous advancement of the citizenization process,the rural migrant workers' demand for medical insurance has changed.However,our research found that the supply of medical insurance system for migrant workers is seriously inadequate,the system and the institutional environment are disconnected,the internal contradictions of the system are increasing,and a large amount of potential profits are accumulated under the current system. Potential profit is the motive force to promote institutional innovation and promote the reform of current system to strike a balance.

Theory,Demonstration and Methods: Research on Social Security of Migrant Workers by Domestic Scholar

Social security of migrant workers has been significant in dissolving social contradictions and achieving the economic and social development in China during the transitional period. The researches of domestic scholar on social security of migrant workers can be classified into three categories. Firstly, theoretical analysis on social security of migrant workers, including researches on the appeal of social security and misunderstanding of recognition, theory-construction of rural worker social security, policy defects and equity construction in social security system of migrant workers. Secondly, real studies on social security of migrant workers, including researches on sequence of demand and influencing factors of social security of migrant workers as well as intrinsic motivation forming the perspective on social security. Lastly, road exploration of establishing social security system, including researches on the multi-level development of rural worker social security system, comparison of "Double-low method", "Guangdong Method" and "Shanghai Method" of the social security of migrant workers in Zhejiang Province and establishing multi-level social security system according to the hierarchy after the internal differentiation.

China's Migrant Workers' Social Security

Based on the definition of migrant workers and migrant workers'social security,systems,policies and regulations and status quo of specific safeguard project of social security have been analyzed.Authors draw following conclusions:China's social security systems of migrant workers show diversification and differentiation trend;national-level policies take on diversification and local-level regulations take on differentiation;social welfare and social assistance have deficiency;coverage rate of social insurance items is extremely low.

离婚时商业保险权益分割的法理逻辑与规范适用

离婚时商业保险权益的分割应当基于保险法和夫妻财产法相协同的视角,以保险法和夫妻财产法上的价值理念和规范原理为宏观指引,以财产保险和人身保险相区分为基本处理框架,以夫妻财产分割制度的原则、价值目标和一般规范为根本遵循,以保险法相关规则为具体分析工具。离婚时商业保险权益的分割包含积极财产的分割和潜在补偿的给付两部分内容。对于财产保险,其待分割权益主要为保险金,需结合保险标的归属和保费来源两项因素确定不同情形下的保险金分割与经济补偿规则。对于人身保险,其待分割权益主要包括保险金、退保现金价值、保单红利和投资收益,需区分保障型、储蓄型和投资型三种不同保险类型,并结合保险合同主体的不同构成、是否产生保险金、保费的不同来源、保险期间是否已完全经过等因素,确定不同情形下具体存在哪些保险权益可供分割、如何予以分割以及如何给付经济补偿。

证券虚假陈述赔偿的巨额化与有限社会化分散机制

当前,证券虚假陈述损害赔偿出现了巨额化现象,导致威慑过度与赔偿不足的双重困境。证券虚假陈述民事赔偿巨额化的深层次原因在于侵权法的过度扩张,凸显了完善证券虚假陈述侵权法律制度的现实需求。要建立健全证券虚假陈述侵权损害赔偿的社会化分散机制,但社会化分散机制是有限的。这些有限的社会化分散机制包括侵权人赔偿梳理、责任保险制度和公平基金制度等。同时,还应适当限缩证券虚假陈述民事法,进一步发挥合同法对特定的专业投资者的救济功能,引入非故意的被告赔偿责任上限制度。

新业态从业人员社会保险参保选择及其影响因素:一项基于配送骑手和快递员群体的调查

在“社会结构-个体行动”的理论框架下,本文对全国1600多名新业态从业人员的社会保险参保行为及其背后的影响因素进行实地调查。以即时配送骑手和快递员群体为代表的新业态从业者,其社会保险参保水平尤其是就业关联的社会保险参保率相对较低。实证分析结果表明,劳动法律关系等制度性特征直接决定新业态从业人员的社会保险总体参保程度及对基本养老保险和基本医疗保险的险种选择。个体年龄、健康状况、收入水平等特征及其与制度特征的交互,对参保行为产生显著影响。本文结合与新业态从业人员、地方政府部门的深度访谈,从制度结构嵌入个体理性决策的角度对新业态从业者的参保行为做出进一步阐释,最后提出完善劳动法律法规,优化社会保障制度设计的政策建议。

普惠保险、农民工返乡创业与地区差距

本文首先尝试构建一个同时包含普惠保险、农民工返乡创业和地区差距的柯布-道格拉斯生产函数模型,系统诠释普惠保险通过农民工返乡创业缩小地区差距的作用机理;其次基于CHFS数据结合中介效应模型,实证考察了普惠保险对地区差距的作用效果及作用机制。研究发现:普惠保险的渗透性和可得性提高农民工风险偏好,激发农民工返乡创业意愿和多渠道促进就业,产生就业效应;普惠保险的使用性提供更具针对性的细化业务,激发农民工返乡创业意愿和扩展增收渠道,产生增收效应;农民工返乡创业是普惠保险缩小地区差距的中介机制;普惠保险对地区差距的影响,会因农民工受教育水平和普惠保险总体发展水平不同而存在差异。对普惠保险的多维增收效应研究发现,普惠保险对提高欠发达地区的返乡农民工家庭收入水平和生活水平均有重要影响。

医疗保险提高灵活就业人员幸福感了吗?——来自CLDS数据的证据

医疗保险作为我国社会保障制度的一项重要内容,能否提升灵活就业人员的幸福感是检验其效用的重要标尺之一。基于2018年的中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)数据,运用普通最小二乘(OLS)研究医疗保险对灵活就业人员幸福感的影响,研究结果显示:基本医疗保险显著提升了灵活就业人员的幸福感,医疗保险对不同收入、年龄、家庭规模的灵活就业人员幸福感的影响呈现一定的异质性。为了更好地发挥医疗保险的功能、提升灵活就业人员的幸福感,政府应鼓励参保,适当降低缴费比例,加强医疗保险政策的宣传和解读。

新业态劳动者养老保险权益保护:机制改造与政策调适

新业态已成为新质生产力发展的一个重要主题,但新业态下劳动者养老保险权益保护机制依然面临着政策吸引力不足和难以适应新质生产力发展的现实挑战。实施就业优先战略,强化养老保险政策对新业态的适应性与对劳动者的吸引力,是健全新业态劳动者养老权益保护机制的路径选择。为此,应将居民基本养老保险作为新业态劳动者养老保险权益保护机制改造的基础,以低准入门槛增强政策的可及性和吸引力,将“职工—居民”二元养老保险框架下的个人账户优化改造为个人工作账户,以养老保险资金的便携性适应新业态劳动者就业的流动性,有效构造“居民基本养老保险+个人工作账户”的养老保险权益保护新机制。在新机制下,通过调适参保费率、缴费基数和转移接续政策形成适配性方案,为新业态劳动者养老保险权益保护确定底线基准,平衡新业态发展壮大的正当性和劳动者权益保护的适当性,从而进一步激活和释放新质生产力。

福建漳州平和柚天气指数保险产品设计与定价

柚产业是福建省漳州市平和县的支柱产业,为分散当地柚生产的经营风险,基于福建省漳州市平和县1985−2022年柚产量及对应年份3月中旬至8月上旬的天气数据,将柚单产数据分解成趋势单产和气象单产,并调整单产数据使其转化到2024年的生产力水平下的单产,选用核密度估计法拟合该序列的概率密度函数并用于纯费率厘定;而后利用调整后单产数据和天气数据进行相关性分析,筛选显著的天气指数。结果显示:4月中下旬降雨量指数与调整后单产的线性关系最为显著。对于2024年约定的保障产量51000 kg·hm^(−2)和保险价格2.8元·kg^(−1),即每667m^(2)保险金额为9520元,厘定纯费率为4.0191%、保险费率为4.6220%;对于降雨量指数RI的保险赔付触发值160 mm以及RI的8个分级赔付区间,分别计算得到了对应的赔付事件发生概率,并给出了对应的赔付金额计算公式。

森林保险实施情况、发展困境与优化策略——以河南省为例

我国自2009年起实施森林保险中央财政保费补贴试点政策,森林保险参保面积和保费规模不断扩大,河南省自2012年起开始实施森林保险试点工作。以河南省为例,总结森林保险发展情况和目前的发展困境。研究发现:自试点以来,河南省森林保险覆盖率稳步上升,但公益林保险与商品林保险发展相对不均衡,商品林保险参保面积和参保率长期处于较低水平,现行森林保险产品难以满足实际风险管理需要,森林保险整体赔付率较低,保险风险补偿功能和产品创新能力亟待提升。因此,从优化森林保险运行机制、创新保险产品、改进保险定价方式、提高保险服务质量等方面提出对策建议,为河南省及全国森林保险高质量发展提供参考。

TPB框架下新业态青年网约工基本养老保险参保行为研究——基于问卷调查的微观实证

以计划行为理论为框架,利用结构方程模型分析参保态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制三个维度的认知因素对新业态青年网约工参加基本养老保险意愿及行为的影响。研究发现,部分青年网约工参保行为具有被动性,负向的参保态度及三个维度共变的影响关系对养老保险政策稳定性带来了威胁;在主观规范中,示范性规范对网约工参保意愿带来的外部压力较大;在知觉行为控制中,从业者比较看重参保缴费时长的可接受度、手续的便捷度、费用可承担性和信息可获得性;网约工参加养老保险的意愿对其是否参保有显著的预测作用,但在意愿之外,个体和就业因素对从业者的参保险种选择产生了不同影响。应从完善制度要素、加强政策宣传、优化信息传输渠道、构建信息舆情治理机制等方面进一步提升青年网约工的认知并引导其有序参保。

平台灵活就业人员基本医保参保机制研究——国际经验与中国启示

数字经济推动了经济增长和就业模式变革,但也使依托于数字平台的灵活就业人员面临基本医保权益缺失的风险。本文基于包容性治理理论构建了“机会—过程—结果”的参保机制三维分析框架,分析了国际上平台灵活就业人员基本医保参保机制的经验,并结合中国实际情况提出了基本医保参保机制的优化建议。研究发现,实现医疗保险之全民健康的价值取向、包容协调的参保机制、共享统一的公平待遇,是国际上处理平台灵活就业人员医疗保险参保问题的主要策略。因此,提出以下建议:首先以健康权至上的观念,拓展完善覆盖全民、统一的基本医疗保险制度;其次促进利益相关主体间的协同发展,以提升基本医保参保的制度韧性;最后强化基本医保的互助共济功能,促进基本医保的共同富裕效应。