Rice Cultivation under Film Mulching Can Improve Soil Environment and Be Beneficial for Rice Production in China

Rice cultivation under film mulching is an integrated management technology that can conserve water, increase soil temperature, improve yield, and enhance water and nitrogen use efficiencies. Despite these advantages, the system does have its drawbacks, such as soil organic matter reduction and microplastic pollution, which impede the widespread adoption of film mulching cultivation in China. Nonetheless, the advent of degradable film, controlled-release fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and film mulching machinery is promoting the development of rice film mulching cultivation. This review outlines the impact of rice cultivation under film mulching on soil moisture, soil temperature, soil fertility, greenhouse gas emissions, weed control, and disease and pest management. It also elucidates the mechanism of changes in rice growth, yield and quality, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency. This paper incorporates a review of published research articles and discusses some uncertainties and shortcomings associated with rice cultivation under film mulching. Consequently, prospective research directions for the technology of rice film mulching cultivation are outlined, and recommendations for future research into rice cultivation under film mulching are proposed.

BEHAVIOR OF FLOW STRESS OF ALUMINUM SHEETS USED FOR PRESSURE CAN DURING COMPRESSION AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE

The behavior of flow stress of Al sheets used for pressure can prepared by different melt-treatment during plastic deformation at elevated temperature was studied by isothermal compression test using Gleeble1500 dynamic hot-simulation testing machine. The results show that the AI sheets possess the remarkable characteristic of steady state flow stress when they are deformed in the temperature range of 350-500℃ at strain rates within the range of 0.01-10.0s^-1. A hyperbolic sine relationship is found to correlate well the flow stress with the strain rate, and an Arrhenius relationship with the temperature, which implies that the process of plastic deformation at elevated temperature for this material is thermally activated. Compared with the AI pieces prepared by no or conventional melt-treatment, hot deformation activation energy of AI sheets prepared by high-efficient melt-treatment is the smallest （ Q= 168.0kJ/mol）, which reveals that the hot working formability of this material is very better, and has directly to do with the effective improvement of its metallurgical quality.

Refining Effect of a New Al3Ti1B1RE Master Alloy on Al Sheets Used for Can Manufacture and Behavior of Rare Earths in Master Alloy

The refining effect of Al3Ti1B1RE master alloy on Al sheets used for pressure can manufacture and the behavior of mixed rare earths in master alloy were investigated with XRD, OM, SEM and EDAX. It is found that the refining effect of the refiner on the material has superiority over foreign or domestic Al5Ti1B refiner, and the refiner still retains its refining ability for 6 h after adding it to molten Al, thus improving the strength and plasticity of the material remarkably. The excellent refining effect and stability of AlTiBRE refiner result from that RE can lower the surface energy of molten Al and improve the wetting characteristics of molten Al on refinement nuclei such as TiAl 3, TiB 2, etc., thus giving full play to the effect of heterogeneous nucleation and impeding the congregating tendency of TiB 2 phase in molten Al. At the same time, RE gathering in front of solid/liquid interface are also easy to cause composition supercooling in molten Al, thus impeding the growth of α Al grains and promoting α Al nucleation on refinement nuclei. In addition, RE also play certain role in purification and grain refinement, or modification, especially their effect of purification can improve the metallurgical quality of AlTiBRE master alloy.

CAN TRICHLOROMETHANE SULFONYL BROMIDE BE USED AS AN ADDENDUM AS WELL AS A TELOGEN IN ITS ADDITION REACTION T0 VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE?

CCl_3SO_2Br used as a 'telogen' reacts with CH_2=CF_2 to give mainly the 'mono- adduct' CCl_3CH_2CF_2Br, together with very small amouats of CCl_3CF_2CH_2Br, CCl_2BrCH_2CF_2Br and the 'di-adduct' CCl_3(CH_2CF_2)_2Br. The result indicates that CCl_3SO_2Br can be used as an addendum in trichloromethyl-bromo-addition reactions to olefins.

Study on Rational Fertilization Scheme for Mulberry(Morus alba Linn) Used for Tea

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate effects of application amounts of N, P and K and their ratio on tea quality components in mulberry leaves. [Method] Effects of sole application and combined application of N, P and K on the yield and tea quality components of spring mulberry leaves were studied by 3-factor 3-level experiment, based on previous experiments. [Result] Combined ap- plication of 3 of N, P and K was better than sole application and combined appli- cation of 2 from them. Insufficient or excessive fertilization both significantly reduced yield of mulberry leaves and contents of tea quality components, such as 1-de- oxynojimycin （DNJ）, flavonoids, tea polyphenols and amino acids. With the yield of spring mulberry leaves as a target, it is advised to apply N, P and K at rates of 240, 150 and 60 kg/hm^2 , respectively. [Conclusion] This study provides reference and theoretical basis for the establishment of raw material base of high-quality mul- berry tea.

空调控制系统CAN与Lon Works总线应用探究

文章对目前空调控制系统中的CAN和Lon Works现场总线技术的协议标准、数据结构、通信模式及应用特性等进行了比较分析,并根据其各自特点,提出在空调系统中混合构建控制系统的方法。

基于Scan Works的含边界扫描器件电路板的测试方法研究

本文从工程应用的角度,通过利用Scan Works软件和通用边界扫描器,提出一种通用的含边界扫描器件电路板的测试思路,优化了测试矢量,从簇模型的建立到Macro语言编写测试程序,构建了完整的测试流程。

A Probe into Ernest Hemingway's Suicide Enigma Through His Works and Life Experiences

Ernest Hemingway, one of the brightest stars on the literary stage of both American and the whole world literature in the twentieth century, had gained an everlasting reputation by the image of"the tough man"he created in lots of his works.Hence, to readers, Hemingway must be a strong man both physically and mentally. Though Hemingway had passed away, he left us an inestimable literary treasure, and we can draw some lessons from his suicide tragedy. To modern people who are

Feature of flow stress of aluminum sheet used for can during hot compression

The flow stress feature of aluminum sheet used for pressure can during plastic deformation at elevated temperature was studied by isothermal compression test using Gleeble 1 500 dynamic materials testing machine. The experimental results show that the steady state deformation is remarkable when the material is deformed in the temperature range of 350～500 ℃ at strain rates within the range of 10 -2 ～10.0 s -1 . The material is sensitive to positive strain rate. A hyperbolic sine relationship is found to correlate well the flow stress with the strain rate, and an Arrhenius relationship with the temperature. Semi empirical constitutive equations of the flow stress are derived from all experimental data for tested material during plastic deformation at elevated temperature by polyelement linear regression analysis. [

Changes in Water Use Efficiency Caused by Climate Change,CO_(2) Fertilization,and Land Use Changes on the Tibetan Plateau

Terrestrial ecosystem water use efficiency(WUE)is an important indicator for coupling plant photosynthesis and transpiration,and is also a key factor linking the carbon and water cycles between the land and atmosphere.However,under the combination of climate change and human intervention,the change in WUE is still unclear,especially on the Tibetan Plateau(TP).Therefore,satellite remote sensing data and process-based terrestrial biosphere models(TBMs)are used in this study to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of WUE over the TP from 2001 to 2010.Then,the effects of land use and land cover change(LULCC)and CO_(2) fertilization on WUE from 1981-2010 are assessed using TBMs.Results show that climate change is the leading contributor to the change in WUE on the TP,and temperature is the most important factor.LULCC makes a negative contribution to WUE(-20.63%),which is greater than the positive contribution of CO_(2) fertilization(11.65%).In addition,CO_(2) fertilization can effectively improve ecosystem resilience on the TP.On the northwest plateau,the effects of LULCC and CO_(2) fertilization on WUE are more pronounced during the driest years than the annual average.These findings can help researchers understand the response of WUE to climate change and human activity and the coupling of the carbon and water cycles over the TP.

基于OBE理念的地理学研究生导师指导机制研究

研究生导师在研究生培养中起着重要作用,其指导模式和方法关系到研究生的培养质量。从地理学专业研究生培养目标出发,梳理现阶段研究生导师在指导模式方面存在的问题。基于OBE教育理念,从研究生导师遴选、导师团队协作、导师引领机制三方面完善研究生团队指导机制;结合地理学专业特色,从沟通机制、交流、传帮带和注重科研实践四方面建立导师工作机制。可充分发挥导师指导作用提高研究生培养质量,也可为导师队伍建设和导师工作机制完善提供借鉴和参考。

Can progesterone be a better alternative to dexamethasone for use in routine brain surgery?

Can progesterone be a better alternative to dexamethasone for use in routine brain surgery？ Surgical brain injury （SBI） is a form of brain trauma caused by various forms of neurosurgical interventions including brain tumor excision, evacuation of intracere- bral hemorrhage and brain lobectomv （e.g., in epililepsv surger）.

基于I-BESO的邮轮结构开孔耦合拓扑优化

针对传统的BESO算法无法只优化开孔,文中以邮轮甲板纵桁、舷侧和贯穿孔结构为研究对象,改进BESO算法得到适用于多工况船体开孔孔型优化的I-BESO算法.对开孔孔型迭代优化,分析多工况下多种类开孔耦合优化.开孔体积减轻比达到20.92%,满足轻量化设计目标,并且缓解应力集中,使结构应力均衡分布.

Did Ecological Engineering Projects Have a Significant Effect on Large-scale Vegetation Restoration in Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Region, China？ A Remote Sensing Approach

Aiming for the restoration of degraded ecosystems, many ecological engineering projects have been implemented around the world. This study investigates the ecological engineering project effectiveness on vegetation restoration in the Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Region(BTSSR) from 2000 to 2010 based on the rain use efficiency(RUE) trend in relation to the land cover. More than half of the BTSSR experienced a vegetation productivity increase from 2000 to 2010, with the increasing intensity being sensitive to the indicators chosen. A clear tendency towards smaller increasing areas was shown when using the net primary productivity(NPP, 51.30%) instead of the accumulated normalized difference vegetation index(59.30%). The short-term variation in the precipitation and intra-seasonal precipitation distribution had a great impact on the remote sensing-based vegetation productivity. However, the residual trends method(RESTREND) effectively eliminated this correlation, while incorporating the variance and skewness of the precipitation distribution increased the models′ ability to explain the vegetation productivity variation. The RUE combined with land cover dynamics was valid for the effectiveness assessment of the ecological engineering projects on vegetation restoration. Particularly, the result based on growing season accumulated normalized difference vegetation index(ΣNDVI) residuals was the most effective, showing that 47.39% of the BTSSR experienced vegetation restoration from 2000 to 2010. The effectiveness of the ecological engineering projects differed for each subarea and was proportional to the strength of ecological engineering. The water erosion region dominated by woodland showed the best restoration, followed by the wind-water erosion crisscross regions, while the wind erosion regions dominated by grassland showed the worst effect. Seriously degraded regions still cover more area in the BTSSR than restored regions. Therefore, more future effort should be put in restoring degraded land.

Can an evidence-based fall prevention program be translated for use in culturally diverse communities?

Older adult falls are a significant public health problem,but one that is amenable to preventive interventions.1,2 Despite the progress made in identifying risk factors,developing efficacious health-related interventions,and promoting evidencebased programs in the community,much work remains before these strategies are broadly available and effectively used to reduce fall-related injuries.3 As Newton and ScottFindlay4 have pointed out,the translation of basic scientific knowledge into clinical studies,and the transformation of clinical studies into improvements in health services and public health practices,remain major obstacles to widespread adoption.

Journal News: Osmar Pinto Jr. <i>et al</i>.’s Research Work, Published in American Journal of Climate Change, Has Been Reported by BBC News

The city of Manaus (Brazil) is located in the central part of the largest tropical forest in the world, the Amazon rainforest, and has a population of approximately 2 million inhabitants. Osmar Pinto Jr., Iara Regina Cardoso de Almeida Pinto, and Osmar P. Neto showed that the lightning activity in Manaus is larger than that in the regions around the city and it has been increasing in the last four decades with the increasing of the urban area of the city. These results suggest that these spatial and time variations are related to the Urban Heat Island effect, since it is believed that the Urban Heat Island effect influences thunderstorm formation and evolution and, in consequence, the lightning activity. Therefore, they suggest that the replacement of the forest by urban areas tends to increase the lightning activity in the Amazon region. These results were published in American Journal of Climate Change in December 2013 [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003300390030003700300031003600360033000000 . In March 14, 2014, BBC News reported Osmar Pinto Jr. et al.’s results. The title of news report is “Enlightened forest”, in detail, please find at? http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-26554974.

Journal News: Pinhas Alpert <i>et</i><i>al</i>.’s Research Work, Published in American Journal of Climate Change (AJCC), Has Been Reported Widely by the Media

Pinhas Alpert’s team studies recent decadal trends of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over megacities around the world by using three NASA space aerosol sensors: MODIS-Terra, MODIS-Aqua and MISR. Results from these three satellites clearly show a rise in air pollution levels in the megacities of the Middle East, India and North China (see Figure 1). At the same time, Alpert et al.’s study also reveals some positive trends. Megacities in Europe, northeastern United States and South-East Asia indicate a decrease in air pollution from 2002 to 2010 (see Figure 1). These cities have taken active steps to reduce the amount of contaminants in the air. Alpert hopes that these greener cities will serve as an example to the rest of the world, inspiring those who have yet to clean up their communities to push for environmental reforms.

UAV-assisted data collection for wireless sensor networks with dynamic working modes

Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is a cornerstone of Internet of Things(IoT)and has rich application scenarios.In this work,we consider a heterogeneous WSN whose sensor nodes have a diversity in their Residual Energy(RE).In this work,to protect the sensor nodes with low RE,we investigate dynamic working modes for sensor nodes which are determined by their RE and an introduced energy threshold.Besides,we employ an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)to collect the stored data from the heterogeneous WSN.We aim to jointly optimize the cluster head selection,energy threshold and sensor nodes’working mode to minimize the weighted sum of energy con-sumption from the WSN and UAV,subject to the data collection rate constraint.To this end,we propose an efficient search method to search for an optimal energy threshold,and develop a penalty-based successive convex approximation algorithm to select the cluster heads.Then we present a low-complexity iterative approach to solve the joint optimization problem and discuss the implementation procedure.Numerical results justify that our proposed approach is able to reduce the energy consumption of the sensor nodes with low RE significantly and also saves energy for the whole WSN.

COMBINED TREATMENT OF HEBETIC SCANTY MENSTRUATION WITH ACUPUNCTURE AND DRUGS

According to a random distribution table, 60 cases of scanty menstruation patients were evenly divided into 3 groups: A) estrin (n = 20), B) acupuncture (n = 20), and C) acupuncture +estrin (n = 20) for comparing their therapeutic effect. Results showed that after treatment, 5 cases in estrin group, 12 cases in acupuncture group and 14 cases in acupuncture + estrin group respectively had an ovulation response. Statistical analysis displayed significant differences between acupuncture group or acupuncture + estrin group and estrin group. (P < 0.05, P <0.05 ); and between acupuneture and acupuncture + estrin groups in the estradiol level of the early phase of follicles in patients with ovulation and without ovulation (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01 ). The fact indicates a close interrelation between acupuncture-induced ovulatory effect and the estradiol level of the patient’s body.

Journal News: Hartman and Spit’s Research Work, Published in American Journal of Climate Change, Has Been Cited by Top Journal Nature Geoscience

Capacity building is a key issue for the implementation of climate adaptation measures in urban planning processes. For successful capacity building, it is important to define the relevant stakeholders and tailor the adaptation strategies first to (the position of) these stakeholders and next to the specific urban conditions and issues. In addition, scientific insights and tools can be of assistance, and the use of climate maps can help to create a common language. Thomas Hartmann and Tejo Spit’s research work on capacity building was published in American Journal of Climate Change, 3, 245-252, 2014 [1]. In June 2015, Thomas Hartmann and Tejo Spit’s research work [1] was cited by Nature Geoscience as one of six important papers in the field of capacity building [2], in detail, please see: http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v8/n7/full/ngeo2465.html.