AIM To investigate rates of distant metastases(DM) detected with [18]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emissiontomography/computed tomography(^(18)FDG-PET/CT) in early stage invasive breast cancer.METHODS We searched the En...AIM To investigate rates of distant metastases(DM) detected with [18]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emissiontomography/computed tomography(^(18)FDG-PET/CT) in early stage invasive breast cancer.METHODS We searched the English language literature databases of PubM ed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, Web of Science and Google Scholar, for publications on DM detected in patients who had ^(18)FDG-PET/CT scans as part of the staging for early stages of breast cancer(stage Ⅰ?and Ⅱ), prior to or immediately following surgery. Reports published between 2011 and 2017 were considered. The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines.RESULTS Among the 18 total studies included in the analysis, the risk of DM ranged from 0% to 8.3% and 0% to 12.9% for stage Ⅰ?and Ⅱ invasive breast cancer, respectively. Among the patients with clinical stage Ⅱ, the rate of occult metastases diagnosed by ^(18)FDG-PET/CT was 7.2%(range, 0%-19.6%) for stage ⅡA and 15.8%(range, 0%-40.8%) for stage ⅡB. In young patients(< 40-yearold), ^(18)FDG-PET/CT demonstrated a higher prevalence of DM at the time of diagnosis for those with aggressive histology(i.e., triple-negative receptors and poorly differentiated grade).CONCLUSION Young patients with poorly differentiated tumors and stage ⅡB triple-negative breast cancer may benefit from ^(18)FDG-PET/CT at initial staging to detect occult DM prior to surgery.展开更多
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of preoperative fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positronemission tomography(18 F-FDG PET)scan for determining overall survival(OS)in breast cancer(BC)patients is controversial.AIM To eva...BACKGROUND The prognostic value of preoperative fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positronemission tomography(18 F-FDG PET)scan for determining overall survival(OS)in breast cancer(BC)patients is controversial.AIM To evaluate the OS predictive value of preoperative PET positivity after 15 years.METHODS We performed a retrospective search of the Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel patient database for nonmetastatic patients who underwent preoperative PET between 2002-2008.PET positivity was determined by anatomical region of interest(AROI)findings for breast and axillary,sternal,and distant sites.The prognostic role of PET was examined as a qualitative binary factor(positive vs negative status)and as a continuous variable[maximum standard uptake value(SUVmax)]in multivariate survival analyses using Cox proportional hazards models.Among the 104 identified patients who received PET,36 were further analyzed for the SUVmax in the AROI.RESULTS Poor OS within the 15-year study period was predicted by PET-positive status for axillary(P=0.033),sternal(P=0.033),and combined PET-axillary/sternal(P=0.008)nodes.Poor disease-free survival was associated with PET-positive axillary status(P=0.040)and combined axillary/sternal status(P=0.023).Cox models confirmed the long-term prognostic value of combined PETaxillary/sternal status[hazard ratio(HR):3.08,95%confidence interval:1.42-6.69].SUVmax of ipsilateral breast and axilla as continuous covariates were significant predictors of long-term OS with HRs of 1.25(P=0.048)and 1.54(P=0.029),corresponding to relative increase in the risk of death of 25%and 54%per SUVmax unit,respectively.In addition,the ratio of the ipsilateral axillary SUVmax over the contralateral axillary SUVmax was the most significant OS predictor(P=0.027),with 1.94 HR,indicating a two-fold relative increase of mortality risk.CONCLUSION Preoperative PET is valuable for prediction of long-term survival.Ipsilateral axillary SUVmax ratio over the uninvolved side represents a new prognostic finding that warrants further investigation.展开更多
We report a case of a young kidney transplant candidate presented with severe and clinically completely asymptomatic mitral stenosis. The bedside Echocardiogram was helpful to establish the diagnosis. The surgery had ...We report a case of a young kidney transplant candidate presented with severe and clinically completely asymptomatic mitral stenosis. The bedside Echocardiogram was helpful to establish the diagnosis. The surgery had to be postponed and the patient was referred to a cardiologist for the further workup. This case report provides solid evidence that the renal transplant candidates are a very unique group of patients with specific disease development course. Their preoperative workup cannot be based on widely used guidelines from American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association that are relying on clinical symptoms and presentation of cardiac disease. All physicians who are involved in the care of these patients and making decisions about their candidacy for the transplantation should take into account severity and very often asymptomatic presentation of the cardiovascular complications of the end stage renal disease. This case provides a good example of the importance of the multispecialty involvement and coordination in perioperative care for prospective kidney transplant candidates.展开更多
Thyroid tumors include those that originate from follicular cells and those that arise from parafollicular cells (C cells). Differentiated thyroid cancer, which originates from follicular cells, includes papillary car...Thyroid tumors include those that originate from follicular cells and those that arise from parafollicular cells (C cells). Differentiated thyroid cancer, which originates from follicular cells, includes papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, oncocytic cell carcinoma (Hürthle), poorly differentiated carcinoma, and anaplastic carcinoma. The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing significantly, with an estimated incidence in the United States of America of 53,990 cases by the year 2018. This neoplasm is listed as the most common endocrine tumor and represents approximately 3% of all malignant tumors in humans, with 75% of cases occurring in women, and two-thirds of cases occurring in people under 55 years. The increase in the prevalence/incidence of low-risk thyroid cancer over the last 10 to 20 years has required a re-appraisal of the standard one-size-fits-all approach to differentiated thyroid cancer. This adaptation to a more individualized management of the patient with thyroid cancer has led to a much more risk-adapted approach to the diagnosis, initial therapy, adjuvant therapy, and follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. This paper with review the current understanding of the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and management of thyroid cancer centered on evidence-based and personalized medicine.展开更多
Thyroid nodules are a major health problem worldwide. The prevalence of palpable thyroid nodules in the general population is approximately 5% in women and 1% in men living in parts of the world with sufficient iodine...Thyroid nodules are a major health problem worldwide. The prevalence of palpable thyroid nodules in the general population is approximately 5% in women and 1% in men living in parts of the world with sufficient iodine. High resolution neck and thyroid ultrasound can detect thyroid nodules in a significant proportion of randomly selected individuals, with higher frequencies in women and the elderly population. The importance of thyroid nodules lies in the need to rule out cancer. The majority of thyroid nodules are benign, clinically irrelevant, and can be safely managed with a good surveillance program. The detection and diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer have evolved over the years with increased use of high resolution cervical and thyroid ultrasound, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), molecular testing, and thyroglobulin as a serum tumor marker. An algorithm that utilizes high resolution ultrasound and, when indicated, FNAB, and molecular testing for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, facilitates a personalized, risk-based protocol that promotes high-quality care and minimizes cost and unnecessary testing. Our paper reviews the current, evidence-based management of newly diagnosed thyroid nodules.展开更多
目的探讨非阴囊首发症状的睾丸扭转患儿的临床特征,为其诊治提供新思路。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2018年12月在河北省儿童医院就诊的非阴囊首发症状的睾丸扭转患儿24例。收集患儿的一般临床资料,根据患儿的症状和体征进行TWIST(testic...目的探讨非阴囊首发症状的睾丸扭转患儿的临床特征,为其诊治提供新思路。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2018年12月在河北省儿童医院就诊的非阴囊首发症状的睾丸扭转患儿24例。收集患儿的一般临床资料,根据患儿的症状和体征进行TWIST(testicular workup for ischemia and suspected torsion)评分,统计TWIST评分在患儿中的应用情况。根据年龄将患儿分为婴幼儿组(13例)和儿童青春期组(11例),分析两组患儿临床表现的差异,从而分析非阴囊首发症状的睾丸扭转的临床特征。结果24例患儿中,首发症状为腰痛4例,腹股沟区疼痛8例,下腹疼痛4例,脐周疼痛2例,哭闹拒食2例,恶心呕吐3例,以及发热1例。TWIST评分分布为低评分(0~2分)5例、中评分(3~4分)17例及高评分(5~7分)2例。婴幼儿组与儿童青春期组首发症状中仅腹股沟疼痛患儿比例的差异具有统计学意义(P=0.043)。两组间TWIST总评分差异无统计学意义。24例患儿中,3例睾丸扭转缺血坏死,手术切除睾丸;21例睾丸复位后血运恢复,行睾丸固定术。结论症状不典型的阴囊红肿的睾丸扭转患儿临床首诊症状复杂,应提高对该类疾病的认识和警惕性;TWIST评分的中、高评分对睾丸扭转有一定提示作用,通过全面仔细体格检查并结合超声检查综合诊断,以免漏诊或者误诊,争取最大可能性保留睾丸组织。展开更多
文摘AIM To investigate rates of distant metastases(DM) detected with [18]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emissiontomography/computed tomography(^(18)FDG-PET/CT) in early stage invasive breast cancer.METHODS We searched the English language literature databases of PubM ed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, Web of Science and Google Scholar, for publications on DM detected in patients who had ^(18)FDG-PET/CT scans as part of the staging for early stages of breast cancer(stage Ⅰ?and Ⅱ), prior to or immediately following surgery. Reports published between 2011 and 2017 were considered. The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines.RESULTS Among the 18 total studies included in the analysis, the risk of DM ranged from 0% to 8.3% and 0% to 12.9% for stage Ⅰ?and Ⅱ invasive breast cancer, respectively. Among the patients with clinical stage Ⅱ, the rate of occult metastases diagnosed by ^(18)FDG-PET/CT was 7.2%(range, 0%-19.6%) for stage ⅡA and 15.8%(range, 0%-40.8%) for stage ⅡB. In young patients(< 40-yearold), ^(18)FDG-PET/CT demonstrated a higher prevalence of DM at the time of diagnosis for those with aggressive histology(i.e., triple-negative receptors and poorly differentiated grade).CONCLUSION Young patients with poorly differentiated tumors and stage ⅡB triple-negative breast cancer may benefit from ^(18)FDG-PET/CT at initial staging to detect occult DM prior to surgery.
文摘BACKGROUND The prognostic value of preoperative fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positronemission tomography(18 F-FDG PET)scan for determining overall survival(OS)in breast cancer(BC)patients is controversial.AIM To evaluate the OS predictive value of preoperative PET positivity after 15 years.METHODS We performed a retrospective search of the Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel patient database for nonmetastatic patients who underwent preoperative PET between 2002-2008.PET positivity was determined by anatomical region of interest(AROI)findings for breast and axillary,sternal,and distant sites.The prognostic role of PET was examined as a qualitative binary factor(positive vs negative status)and as a continuous variable[maximum standard uptake value(SUVmax)]in multivariate survival analyses using Cox proportional hazards models.Among the 104 identified patients who received PET,36 were further analyzed for the SUVmax in the AROI.RESULTS Poor OS within the 15-year study period was predicted by PET-positive status for axillary(P=0.033),sternal(P=0.033),and combined PET-axillary/sternal(P=0.008)nodes.Poor disease-free survival was associated with PET-positive axillary status(P=0.040)and combined axillary/sternal status(P=0.023).Cox models confirmed the long-term prognostic value of combined PETaxillary/sternal status[hazard ratio(HR):3.08,95%confidence interval:1.42-6.69].SUVmax of ipsilateral breast and axilla as continuous covariates were significant predictors of long-term OS with HRs of 1.25(P=0.048)and 1.54(P=0.029),corresponding to relative increase in the risk of death of 25%and 54%per SUVmax unit,respectively.In addition,the ratio of the ipsilateral axillary SUVmax over the contralateral axillary SUVmax was the most significant OS predictor(P=0.027),with 1.94 HR,indicating a two-fold relative increase of mortality risk.CONCLUSION Preoperative PET is valuable for prediction of long-term survival.Ipsilateral axillary SUVmax ratio over the uninvolved side represents a new prognostic finding that warrants further investigation.
文摘We report a case of a young kidney transplant candidate presented with severe and clinically completely asymptomatic mitral stenosis. The bedside Echocardiogram was helpful to establish the diagnosis. The surgery had to be postponed and the patient was referred to a cardiologist for the further workup. This case report provides solid evidence that the renal transplant candidates are a very unique group of patients with specific disease development course. Their preoperative workup cannot be based on widely used guidelines from American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association that are relying on clinical symptoms and presentation of cardiac disease. All physicians who are involved in the care of these patients and making decisions about their candidacy for the transplantation should take into account severity and very often asymptomatic presentation of the cardiovascular complications of the end stage renal disease. This case provides a good example of the importance of the multispecialty involvement and coordination in perioperative care for prospective kidney transplant candidates.
文摘Thyroid tumors include those that originate from follicular cells and those that arise from parafollicular cells (C cells). Differentiated thyroid cancer, which originates from follicular cells, includes papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, oncocytic cell carcinoma (Hürthle), poorly differentiated carcinoma, and anaplastic carcinoma. The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing significantly, with an estimated incidence in the United States of America of 53,990 cases by the year 2018. This neoplasm is listed as the most common endocrine tumor and represents approximately 3% of all malignant tumors in humans, with 75% of cases occurring in women, and two-thirds of cases occurring in people under 55 years. The increase in the prevalence/incidence of low-risk thyroid cancer over the last 10 to 20 years has required a re-appraisal of the standard one-size-fits-all approach to differentiated thyroid cancer. This adaptation to a more individualized management of the patient with thyroid cancer has led to a much more risk-adapted approach to the diagnosis, initial therapy, adjuvant therapy, and follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. This paper with review the current understanding of the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and management of thyroid cancer centered on evidence-based and personalized medicine.
文摘Thyroid nodules are a major health problem worldwide. The prevalence of palpable thyroid nodules in the general population is approximately 5% in women and 1% in men living in parts of the world with sufficient iodine. High resolution neck and thyroid ultrasound can detect thyroid nodules in a significant proportion of randomly selected individuals, with higher frequencies in women and the elderly population. The importance of thyroid nodules lies in the need to rule out cancer. The majority of thyroid nodules are benign, clinically irrelevant, and can be safely managed with a good surveillance program. The detection and diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer have evolved over the years with increased use of high resolution cervical and thyroid ultrasound, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), molecular testing, and thyroglobulin as a serum tumor marker. An algorithm that utilizes high resolution ultrasound and, when indicated, FNAB, and molecular testing for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, facilitates a personalized, risk-based protocol that promotes high-quality care and minimizes cost and unnecessary testing. Our paper reviews the current, evidence-based management of newly diagnosed thyroid nodules.
文摘目的探讨非阴囊首发症状的睾丸扭转患儿的临床特征,为其诊治提供新思路。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2018年12月在河北省儿童医院就诊的非阴囊首发症状的睾丸扭转患儿24例。收集患儿的一般临床资料,根据患儿的症状和体征进行TWIST(testicular workup for ischemia and suspected torsion)评分,统计TWIST评分在患儿中的应用情况。根据年龄将患儿分为婴幼儿组(13例)和儿童青春期组(11例),分析两组患儿临床表现的差异,从而分析非阴囊首发症状的睾丸扭转的临床特征。结果24例患儿中,首发症状为腰痛4例,腹股沟区疼痛8例,下腹疼痛4例,脐周疼痛2例,哭闹拒食2例,恶心呕吐3例,以及发热1例。TWIST评分分布为低评分(0~2分)5例、中评分(3~4分)17例及高评分(5~7分)2例。婴幼儿组与儿童青春期组首发症状中仅腹股沟疼痛患儿比例的差异具有统计学意义(P=0.043)。两组间TWIST总评分差异无统计学意义。24例患儿中,3例睾丸扭转缺血坏死,手术切除睾丸;21例睾丸复位后血运恢复,行睾丸固定术。结论症状不典型的阴囊红肿的睾丸扭转患儿临床首诊症状复杂,应提高对该类疾病的认识和警惕性;TWIST评分的中、高评分对睾丸扭转有一定提示作用,通过全面仔细体格检查并结合超声检查综合诊断,以免漏诊或者误诊,争取最大可能性保留睾丸组织。
