The dynamometer tests with different driving cycles and the real-world tests are presented. Results indicated the pollutants emission factors and fuel consumption factor with ECE15+EUDC driving cycle usually take the ...The dynamometer tests with different driving cycles and the real-world tests are presented. Results indicated the pollutants emission factors and fuel consumption factor with ECE15+EUDC driving cycle usually take the lowest value and with real world driving cycle occur the highest value, and different driving cycles will lead to significantly different vehicle emission factors with the same vehicle. Relative to the ECE15+EUDC driving cycle, the increasing rate of pollutant emission factors of CO, NOx and HC are -0.42—2.99, -0.32 —0.81 and -0.11—11 with FTP75 testing, 0.11—1.29, -0.77—0.64 and 0.47—10.50 with Beijing 1997 testing and 0.25—1.83, 0.09—0.75 and -0.58—1.50 with real world testing. Compared to the carburetor vehicles, the retrofit and MPI+TWC vehicles' pollution emission factors decrease with different degree. The retrofit vehicle(Santana) will reduce 4.44%—58.44% CO, -4.95%—36.79% NOx, -32.32%—33.89% HC, and -9.39%—14.29% fuel consumption, and especially that the MPI+TWC vehicle will decrease CO by 82.48%—91.76%, NOx by 44.87%—92.79%, HC by 90.00%—93.89% and fuel consumption by 5.44%—10.55%. Vehicles can cause pollution at a very high rate when operated in high power modes; however, they may not often operate in these high power modes. In analyzing vehicle emissions, it describes the fraction of time that vehicles operate in various power modes. In Beijing, vehicles spend 90% of their operation in low power modes or decelerating.展开更多
It is well known that English is the world language nowadays, and it is an official language in most countries. It is also currently the language most often taught as a foreign language. The reasons of the popularity ...It is well known that English is the world language nowadays, and it is an official language in most countries. It is also currently the language most often taught as a foreign language. The reasons of the popularity lie in both internal factors and external factors. In this paper, the author will analyze the factors that help to push English into a popular world language.展开更多
At the present times, English is an important language tool for communication in the international affairs. More than two hundred years ago, to foresee the international economic and cultural life in the future, moder...At the present times, English is an important language tool for communication in the international affairs. More than two hundred years ago, to foresee the international economic and cultural life in the future, modern German philosopher Leibniz have insightfully pointed out that mutual exchanges among the countries need a universal language for communication. The Unit?ed States and Britain, on the other hand, have the dominant position in international affairs, which makes English become a domi?nant language in the world. This paper tries to figure out the internal and external factors that help to push English into a popular world language basing on the process of the English language's development.展开更多
In order to find out the factors which influence community participation in tourism,several effect factors are summed up through the investigation of the local residents and the analysis of the logistic regression of ...In order to find out the factors which influence community participation in tourism,several effect factors are summed up through the investigation of the local residents and the analysis of the logistic regression of the data gained from Xingwen world Geopark.Results indicated there are several main influencing factors of community participation such as the comparative benefit of tourist industry,participant residents' subjective wishes,preference consciousness of working opportunity obtainment in the tourist enterprise and participant skills.Based on above investigation data and field travel,the paper put forward several methods about how to enhance the residents' participant degree:increasing the comparative benefit of tourist industry,enhancing the attraction of tourism for boosting participant wishes,improving the preference consciousness on obtaining working opportunity in tourism industry and cultivating residents' participant skills through training.展开更多
The prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) has increased dramatically during the last 2 decades, a fact driven by the increased prevalence of obesity, the primary risk factor for T2 DM. The figures for diabetes ...The prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) has increased dramatically during the last 2 decades, a fact driven by the increased prevalence of obesity, the primary risk factor for T2 DM. The figures for diabetes in the Arab world are particularly startling as the number of people with diabetes is projected to increase by 96.2% by 2035. Genetic risk factors may play a crucial role in this uncontrolled raise in the prevalence of T2 DM in the Middle Eastern region. However, factors such as obesity, rapid urbanization and lack of exercise are other key determinants of this rapid increase in the rate of T2 DM in the Arab world. The unavailability of an effective program to defeat T2 DM has serious consequences on the increasing rise of this disease, where available data indicates an unusually high prevalence of T2 DM in Arabian children less than 18 years old. Living with T2 DM is problematic as well, since T2 DM has become the 5th leading cause of disability, which was ranked 10 th as recently as 1990. Giving the current status of T2 DM in the Arab world, a collaborative international effort is needed for fighting further spread of this disease.展开更多
This article reviews the current status of cardiovascular disease(CVD) on the international scale.Presently viewed as an epidemic that has migrated from westernized societies to developing countries,several important ...This article reviews the current status of cardiovascular disease(CVD) on the international scale.Presently viewed as an epidemic that has migrated from westernized societies to developing countries,several important issues are elaborated upon.They include the basis for the increasing prevalence of CVD and the associated societal implications.The challenges related to lack of resources and infrastructure support may also impede successful implementation of proven strategies to reduce CVD.In addition to traditional risk factors such as cigarette smoking,hypertension,obesity,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance,many developing countries must also contend with other risk biomarkers.Included in this grouping are human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and other infectious/inflammatory processes as well as nutritional and vitamin deficiencies that make preventive measures more difficult to prioritize.Taken together,greater partnering between local governments,affiliated hospitals and international societies is needed to enhance and facilitate efforts aimed at optimizing standard of care measures in developing countries in order to reduce cardiovascular risk.展开更多
Objective: To give an historical record of the research of the World Health Organization (WHO) Task Force to develop methods of male contraception; to examine the social, political, medical, pharmaceutical, funding, a...Objective: To give an historical record of the research of the World Health Organization (WHO) Task Force to develop methods of male contraception; to examine the social, political, medical, pharmaceutical, funding, and other factors that influenced progress; and to suggest reasons why such methods are only now becoming available. Design: Review of basic and clinical research over 30 years. Setting: Task force of a multinational agency and collaborating agencies. Conclusion(s): Through the involvement of many international scientists, the WHO Task Force has uniquely contributed to the exploratory phases of the research in male contraception and by its multicenter contraceptive efficacy studies has accelerated progress towards the ideal hormonal method. Despite an adverse climate involving social and political attitudes, funding constraints, and pharmaceutical industry hesitations, WHO formed coalitions with governments and international agencies to sustain research with results that apply to men in culturally diverse populations and thereby to influence activities across the whole range of global reproductive health and family planning.展开更多
保护状况评估(State of Conservation,SOC)是世界遗产的评估管理环节,目的是持续掌握遗产所面临的各类威胁。文章解读世界遗产SOC评估机制及其发展、完善过程,分析其影响因素指标体系,并结合世界遗产的典型案例,阐释SOC评估在世界遗产...保护状况评估(State of Conservation,SOC)是世界遗产的评估管理环节,目的是持续掌握遗产所面临的各类威胁。文章解读世界遗产SOC评估机制及其发展、完善过程,分析其影响因素指标体系,并结合世界遗产的典型案例,阐释SOC评估在世界遗产保护管理实践中的应用和实效。建议在我国城乡文化遗产保护管理中,建立影响因素评估标准化指标体系以及有效的跟踪和退出机制,以维护文化遗产的价值和遗产名录的可信度,使有限的保护资源得以集中利用。展开更多
目的探讨高血压脑出血预后相关危险因素,建立高血压脑出血远期预后的列线图预测模型。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年12月广东医科大学附属医院463例高血压性脑出血患者的临床资料。发病6个月后进行随访,采用改良Rankin量表(modified ...目的探讨高血压脑出血预后相关危险因素,建立高血压脑出血远期预后的列线图预测模型。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年12月广东医科大学附属医院463例高血压性脑出血患者的临床资料。发病6个月后进行随访,采用改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin scale,mRS)评估和计算患者的生存状况。采用单因素分析和二元logistic回归分析筛选与高血压脑出血预后相关的独立危险因素。采用R软件(4.2.2)建立基于独立危险因素的列线图预测模型,并评价其性能。结果基于463例高血压脑出血患者资料建立的二元logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)、卒中史、手术时机、非手术时使用呼吸机时间、血肿体积、脑室铸型、血肌酐为独立危险因素,为此建立列线图。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验P=0.537,证明模型中自变量的预测能力较好。Bootstrap验证(迭代次数:200次),计算得到的C-index为0.862(95%CI:0.860~0.864)。曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.859(95%CI:0.824~0.895),表明该预测模型具有较高的预测价值。结论以高血压脑出血患者年龄、GCS、卒中史、手术时机、非手术时呼吸机使用时间、血肿量、脑室铸形、血肌酐为指标制作列线图预测模型,可以直观地预测高血压脑出血不良预后的概率,为临床决策提供参考。展开更多
文摘The dynamometer tests with different driving cycles and the real-world tests are presented. Results indicated the pollutants emission factors and fuel consumption factor with ECE15+EUDC driving cycle usually take the lowest value and with real world driving cycle occur the highest value, and different driving cycles will lead to significantly different vehicle emission factors with the same vehicle. Relative to the ECE15+EUDC driving cycle, the increasing rate of pollutant emission factors of CO, NOx and HC are -0.42—2.99, -0.32 —0.81 and -0.11—11 with FTP75 testing, 0.11—1.29, -0.77—0.64 and 0.47—10.50 with Beijing 1997 testing and 0.25—1.83, 0.09—0.75 and -0.58—1.50 with real world testing. Compared to the carburetor vehicles, the retrofit and MPI+TWC vehicles' pollution emission factors decrease with different degree. The retrofit vehicle(Santana) will reduce 4.44%—58.44% CO, -4.95%—36.79% NOx, -32.32%—33.89% HC, and -9.39%—14.29% fuel consumption, and especially that the MPI+TWC vehicle will decrease CO by 82.48%—91.76%, NOx by 44.87%—92.79%, HC by 90.00%—93.89% and fuel consumption by 5.44%—10.55%. Vehicles can cause pollution at a very high rate when operated in high power modes; however, they may not often operate in these high power modes. In analyzing vehicle emissions, it describes the fraction of time that vehicles operate in various power modes. In Beijing, vehicles spend 90% of their operation in low power modes or decelerating.
文摘It is well known that English is the world language nowadays, and it is an official language in most countries. It is also currently the language most often taught as a foreign language. The reasons of the popularity lie in both internal factors and external factors. In this paper, the author will analyze the factors that help to push English into a popular world language.
文摘At the present times, English is an important language tool for communication in the international affairs. More than two hundred years ago, to foresee the international economic and cultural life in the future, modern German philosopher Leibniz have insightfully pointed out that mutual exchanges among the countries need a universal language for communication. The Unit?ed States and Britain, on the other hand, have the dominant position in international affairs, which makes English become a domi?nant language in the world. This paper tries to figure out the internal and external factors that help to push English into a popular world language basing on the process of the English language's development.
文摘In order to find out the factors which influence community participation in tourism,several effect factors are summed up through the investigation of the local residents and the analysis of the logistic regression of the data gained from Xingwen world Geopark.Results indicated there are several main influencing factors of community participation such as the comparative benefit of tourist industry,participant residents' subjective wishes,preference consciousness of working opportunity obtainment in the tourist enterprise and participant skills.Based on above investigation data and field travel,the paper put forward several methods about how to enhance the residents' participant degree:increasing the comparative benefit of tourist industry,enhancing the attraction of tourism for boosting participant wishes,improving the preference consciousness on obtaining working opportunity in tourism industry and cultivating residents' participant skills through training.
文摘The prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) has increased dramatically during the last 2 decades, a fact driven by the increased prevalence of obesity, the primary risk factor for T2 DM. The figures for diabetes in the Arab world are particularly startling as the number of people with diabetes is projected to increase by 96.2% by 2035. Genetic risk factors may play a crucial role in this uncontrolled raise in the prevalence of T2 DM in the Middle Eastern region. However, factors such as obesity, rapid urbanization and lack of exercise are other key determinants of this rapid increase in the rate of T2 DM in the Arab world. The unavailability of an effective program to defeat T2 DM has serious consequences on the increasing rise of this disease, where available data indicates an unusually high prevalence of T2 DM in Arabian children less than 18 years old. Living with T2 DM is problematic as well, since T2 DM has become the 5th leading cause of disability, which was ranked 10 th as recently as 1990. Giving the current status of T2 DM in the Arab world, a collaborative international effort is needed for fighting further spread of this disease.
文摘This article reviews the current status of cardiovascular disease(CVD) on the international scale.Presently viewed as an epidemic that has migrated from westernized societies to developing countries,several important issues are elaborated upon.They include the basis for the increasing prevalence of CVD and the associated societal implications.The challenges related to lack of resources and infrastructure support may also impede successful implementation of proven strategies to reduce CVD.In addition to traditional risk factors such as cigarette smoking,hypertension,obesity,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance,many developing countries must also contend with other risk biomarkers.Included in this grouping are human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and other infectious/inflammatory processes as well as nutritional and vitamin deficiencies that make preventive measures more difficult to prioritize.Taken together,greater partnering between local governments,affiliated hospitals and international societies is needed to enhance and facilitate efforts aimed at optimizing standard of care measures in developing countries in order to reduce cardiovascular risk.
文摘Objective: To give an historical record of the research of the World Health Organization (WHO) Task Force to develop methods of male contraception; to examine the social, political, medical, pharmaceutical, funding, and other factors that influenced progress; and to suggest reasons why such methods are only now becoming available. Design: Review of basic and clinical research over 30 years. Setting: Task force of a multinational agency and collaborating agencies. Conclusion(s): Through the involvement of many international scientists, the WHO Task Force has uniquely contributed to the exploratory phases of the research in male contraception and by its multicenter contraceptive efficacy studies has accelerated progress towards the ideal hormonal method. Despite an adverse climate involving social and political attitudes, funding constraints, and pharmaceutical industry hesitations, WHO formed coalitions with governments and international agencies to sustain research with results that apply to men in culturally diverse populations and thereby to influence activities across the whole range of global reproductive health and family planning.
文摘保护状况评估(State of Conservation,SOC)是世界遗产的评估管理环节,目的是持续掌握遗产所面临的各类威胁。文章解读世界遗产SOC评估机制及其发展、完善过程,分析其影响因素指标体系,并结合世界遗产的典型案例,阐释SOC评估在世界遗产保护管理实践中的应用和实效。建议在我国城乡文化遗产保护管理中,建立影响因素评估标准化指标体系以及有效的跟踪和退出机制,以维护文化遗产的价值和遗产名录的可信度,使有限的保护资源得以集中利用。
文摘目的探讨高血压脑出血预后相关危险因素,建立高血压脑出血远期预后的列线图预测模型。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年12月广东医科大学附属医院463例高血压性脑出血患者的临床资料。发病6个月后进行随访,采用改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin scale,mRS)评估和计算患者的生存状况。采用单因素分析和二元logistic回归分析筛选与高血压脑出血预后相关的独立危险因素。采用R软件(4.2.2)建立基于独立危险因素的列线图预测模型,并评价其性能。结果基于463例高血压脑出血患者资料建立的二元logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)、卒中史、手术时机、非手术时使用呼吸机时间、血肿体积、脑室铸型、血肌酐为独立危险因素,为此建立列线图。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验P=0.537,证明模型中自变量的预测能力较好。Bootstrap验证(迭代次数:200次),计算得到的C-index为0.862(95%CI:0.860~0.864)。曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.859(95%CI:0.824~0.895),表明该预测模型具有较高的预测价值。结论以高血压脑出血患者年龄、GCS、卒中史、手术时机、非手术时呼吸机使用时间、血肿量、脑室铸形、血肌酐为指标制作列线图预测模型,可以直观地预测高血压脑出血不良预后的概率,为临床决策提供参考。
