Research on the Teaching Methods of World Literature Course from the POA Perspective

Due to the vagueness of the teaching characteristics in the world literature and in some other English courses, thefeatures of the literary courses itself that can be used effectively are also easier to be ignored. As a result, theteaching model is solidified and rigid. This paper, based on the standpoint of the POA theory, demonstrates theeffective ways in teaching the world literature courses. While using some literature works, the awareness ofidiology should be emphasied. It is essential to design and implement appropriate tasks for the students at differentstages, and put forward practical curriculum plans for the new international situation.

Comparative World Literature aas a Tool to Reconsider World Literature

In this interview,Helena Carvalhao Buescu develops her unique approach to comparative world literature,as she has proposed to reframe the concept.Within the scope of her approach,translation is given a new place in comparative literature,widening the horizons of literary experience.

Worlds of World Literature and Worlds of Literary Scholarship

In this interview,David Damrosch ties the ends of his prolific and relevant contribution to literary studies.From the modern development of the concept of world literature to the organization of ambitious projects of World Literature anthologies;from the embracing of many worlds of world literary scholarship to the consideration of the emergence of A.I.and its possible consequences for the literary experience.

Chinese Tradition in the World Literature:Review of Zhang Longxi's A Historyof ChineseLiterature

This essay reviews Zhang Longxi's A History of Chinese Literature.The book covers Chinese literature from its very beginning to modern times.It emphasizes texts'literary and aesthetic qualities when evaluating and historicizing literature.The book demonstrates the importance of canons in literary history,using Chinese tradition as an example.Therefore,it also brings the Chinese tradition into the broader framework of world literature.Reading Zhang's concise historical overview of Chinese literature,we can better understand the interplay between literary tradition and the individual talent.Zhang Longxi has skillfully combined the writing of a history of literature with literary criticism in this book.Zhang's successful attempt informs literary scholars of possible paradigms of compiling literary history in a post-cultural-studies theoretical context.

Thought in Motion:Helena Buescu's The Experience of the Uncommon and Good Neighborhood:Comparative Literature and World Literature

An analysis of Helena Buescu's book The Experience of the Uncommon and Good Neighborhood:Comparative Literature and World Literature,published in Portuguese by Porto Editora,is undertaken as the best way of introducing her work to an international readership.A pride of place is given to the broadening of the concept of world literature as well as to the importance of translation.

Longman and Norton:The Anthologies of World Literature and the Effects on the Literary Landscapes

By establishing a critical dialogue with the observations of David Damrosch in Comparing the Literatures:Literary Studies in a Global Age concerning the challenges posed to Comparatism by the current state of the discipline,the question that we will address in the present work is,above all,a position on what it means to make a comparative study in a scenario marked by the reemergence of the phenomenon of world literature in literary studies.After directing our attention to The Longman Anthology of World Literature and The Norton Anthology of World Literature,we were able to see how both still describe an unequal system of legitimation and aesthetic configuration based on a Eurocentric division between the"inside"and the"outside."And it is precisely in the ethical and political implications of this process of opening"'to the world that lies our proposal for approaching world literature.

World Literature:An Indian Way of Thinking

The idea of the world is a dynamic phenomenon,and the development of world literature is tied to both literary and extra-literary events.Worldwide literary centers can be found in many locations spanning both time and space.The concept of the world,or Visva(Sanskrit),is considerably older even if world literature has been a discursive framework that has affected the literary structures of many languages around the world since the 19th century."Vasudhaiba Kutumbakam,"or the universal neighborhood,is a term from ancient Indian literature that attests to the age of the concept of Vasudha,or the world.As a result of numerous trade routes,cultural interactions,the expansion of ancient and medieval kingdoms,and the transit of literary writings,cosmopolitan literary spaces were created in various parts of t8he world.Additionally,the absence of modern cartography and the sovereign state system enabled constant changes in the borders of the empires,resulting in spaces with many languages.India has connections to several Asian nations dating back to ancient times,as well as to Europe since the medieval period.The diverse traditions of human thought from various parts of the world are carried in Indian literature.Significant literary contacts and the ongoing formation of new literary legacies were witnessed in the East,Middle East,South East,and South Asia of the present.The Sufi and Bhakti traditions,the reception of Indian epics as oral,written,and performative texts in South-East Asia,and the role of the royal courts as multilingual literary spaces continue to broaden the intellectual traditions of Bharat(India).Thus,the pre-modern development of world literature seemed intriguing and a subject worth exploring for literary professionals.This essay contends that ancient and medieval India and Bengal,particularly their languages,continually bargained to expand their intellectual frontiers.

World Literature and Translation/Reading as an Exchange of Alterity

The story of Goethe’s invention of'world literature'while reading a Chinese novel is an interesting one,for it prefigures the presence of alterity in the very formation of the concept.Whether we consider world literature as a theoretical recognition of writing to be literature or as a body of actual texts,we often frame our discussion in a language of duality:self/other,culture/cosmopolitanism,nation/world,etc.While the force of world literature has always been its alluring ideal of'one-world-ness',it is time for us to better account for its embedded alterity,which is what energizes world literature as a discipline of study in the 21stcentury.The place to start,this essay will argue,is translation/reading.Translation as reading is not only the material condition for world literature,where texts of different language congregate to form a'republic of letters',but also creates the site of an'afterlife'in which the textuality of world literature becomes visible and realized.Like writing itself,however,translation is not a transparent text for meaning.It is an exchange of alterity,but not its equivalent.The varying strategies in translation deal with alterity,thus invigorate the discourse of sameness and difference in the concept of world literature.

Remembering Raymond Williams:His Theoretical Heritage to China’s World Literature and Culture Studies

Raymond Williams,the eminent British Marxist literary theorist,was introduced to China in the late 1980s.and his theories have since been increasingly attractive to China’s literary and cultural studies.He not only touched upon some of the fundamental issues of Marxist literary theory,such as ideology,culture,hegemony and aesthetics,but also developed it with his dynamic construction of a sort of cultural materialism,thus bridging between Marxist socio-historical and aesthetic criticism and cultural and linguistic factors.While literary and cultural theory is in decline in the West,Williams’s legacy is still appreciated in international circles,which ought to be cherished and inherited by us Chinese scholars in our studies of world literature and culture.

NONFERROUS METALS BECOMES OBJECTS OF WORLD 6 MAJOR LITERATURE SEARCH SYSTEMS

Press & Publishing Journal (PPJ),March 6,1991:Upon PPJ edit-orial office's request,Institute of Scientific and Technological lnfor-mation of China (ISTTC) made a survey on the situation that how manytheses from China scientific and technological journals have been sele-cted by the 6 most important search systems (Science Literature Index,

The Latest Development of Ethical Literary Criticism in the World

The series A Study on Ethical Literary Criticism exhibits key achievements in the major program of national social sciences by scholars headed by Professor Nie Zhenzhao,who are devoted to the research of foreign literatures,studies in philosophy and social sciences,and interdisciplinary study of world literature,who dedicated themselves to the construction of the ethical literary critical theory and methodology with the application of ethical literary criticism in practice.This series organically combine the generality of ethical literary criticism with the individuality of specific writers and combine the theoretical guidance with realistic practicality in academic research,which will be conducive to the development of world literary criticism and region and country-specific studies in the new era.

[World] Literature: Beneath and Beyond

In this interview,Zhang Longxi explores topics and approaches that have made him one of the leading scholars on cross-cultural studies in the world.Longxi's innovative understanding of both the relationship between East and West and literary hermeneutics is clarified in his latest contribution,World Literature as Discovery:Expanding the World Literary Canon,which aims at suggesting that world literature may favor a productive way to return to the reading of literature.

The Self-Making,Worlding Processes of Contemporary Zapotec Literature

This essay considers the main features and status of contemporary Zapotec literature,an"ultraminor"Indigenous literature in southern Mexico.Tracing its modern emergence through 20th century literary circuits that were preeminently local and politically-rooted,Zapotec literature has taken what Laachir et al.describe as a"groundup and located approach"to literary production and circulationone that clashes against the globalizing,capitalist,Western-centric relations prevalent in the field of World Literature.Shaping g/local readers and raising cultural and linguistic awareness,Zapotec authors write in their linguistic variant and self-translate their work and worldviews into Spanisha major Western language with a strong colonialist legacy and presence in the field of World Literature.Although they translate their work as a form of authorial validation within the nation,they primarily seek to nurture autochthonous forms of expression and circulation that are key in Indigenous-led cultural revitalization processes in their territory.As examples of literary worlding,I engage two contemporary Zapotec texts:Victor de la Cruz's seminal anthology of Zapotec literature Guie'sti'didxaza/La flor de la palabra and Natalia Toledo's poem"Ni guicaa T.S.Eliot/A T.S.Eliot,"published in her bilingual collection Guie'yaase'/Olivo negro.

Saga-Like World-Fractals: Joao Guimaraes Rosa, Sagarana, and the Literatures of the World

This article presents and discusses Joao Guimaraes Rosa as an outstanding Brazilian author whose literary work,especially Sagarana,expresses aesthetically different ways of lifeforms between human beings,animals,plants,and landscapes.Movement and transformations are the basic principles in which the melody of prose expresses itself as a language in and as motion.Although based in Brazilian culture,Rosa shows the conviviality of different logics which are not reduced to one myth of the Brazilian people,but produce multiple ways of coexistence between different life-forms and culture narratives.The translingual title ttSagarana,'already alludes to the transitions between two languages,regions,and cultures:the Icelandic“saga-”and the Tupic-Word“rana”which means“similar”or“alike.”The interpretation figures out the correlation of different provenances(“Herkiinfte”)which emerge from Rosa’s craft of storytelling.In its center,the Sertao arises as a region of nature whose forces are connected with the life of human beings.As fractal of the world,it symbolizes Brazilian relations as a world of its own and at the same time as a part of the world of others.From this point of view the essay turns world literature upside down:it emphasizes on the one hand that the epoch of world literature since Goethe has come to an end and that the meridian has shifted to Latin America.On the other hand it can be observed that the lusophonic world between Brazil and Angola,Portugal and Kap Verde develops new perspectives on literatures of the world beyond the fixed coordinations of periphery and center.Rosa's ways of world making already shift the perspective from the local to the global as a miniatured model of a universe which reveals interpretations of a better understanding of the world as world fractals.

What Isat Stake in Comparing the Literatures?

This paper will present and discuss a few questions raised in David Damrosch's Comparing the Literatures:Literary Studies in a Global Age,a book that,divided into chapters based on some selected keywords,develops relevant thematic nuclei,bringing to the fore literary authors,critics,and theorists.

Aspects of Indigenous Participation in Brazilian Literature

The article both presents how,from the end of the 1980s onwards,native peoples have begun to occupy certain spaces of textual production and circulation that they had not previously occupied in the Brazilian cultural scene(for social,linguistic,and cultural reasons,but also political and juridical)and discusses how this process has provoked a vigorous movement of dilation of traditional textual and discursive borders in Western culture.Texts deriving from indigenous peoples in the sphere of academic discourse are,in general,bilingual,and are structured in ways that combine aspects of intellectual production with those of artistic creation.Moreover,they are also structured around a rather complex conception of the notion of authorship(considering that they are written by an author but represent the voice of their people).As examples,the article analyzes the case of Os cantos tradicionais Ye'kwana[Traditional Ye'kwana Chants],by the indigenous teacher and researcher Fernando Ye'kwana Gimenes,winner of the 2020/2021 edition of the Dirce Cortes Riedel Masters Dissertation Award by the Brazilian Association of Comparative Literature,as a typical example of the cultural phenomenon discussed.The traditional Ye'kwana chants present significant transgressions in relation to the traditional notions of narrative logic and the dominant forms of narration in the fields of literature and history.The awarding of this academic prize to an indigenous inhabitant of the forest,on the border between Brazil and Venezuela,by the largest association of comparative literature in Latin America,in addition to being an important act in political terms,demonstrates how urgent it is to rethink processes of global literary dissemination beyond the restricted frameworks configured by the logic of hegemonic cultures,which are based on closed divisions and hierarchies.With this,we intend to contribute to the process of including Amerindian texts in the repertoire of Comparative Literature and World Literature.

The New Knowledge System Regarding the Idea of Community and Power-Structures of Society:The Bengali Narrative Ballads of Maimansingha Gitika

Circulation and reception of various national literatures,particularly significant texts and literary traditions in minority languages such as Bengali,are often neglected by the scholarly community and literary institutions.This creates an incomplete view of world literature,which should encompass the wholeness or totality of literature from different geographical locations.In an effort to minimize this gap,this research article explores the popular collection of Bengali narrative ballads,Maimansingha Gitika,compiled by Dineshchandra Sen.Most of the collected narrative ballads were composed between the 16th and early 18th century,yet this prime text is largely unavailable to readers and unobtainable to experts in politico-cultural and historical contexts.Using the concept of community and new historicism,this article analyzes two narrative ballads from Maimansingha Gitika,offering critical insights into the power structures of society and the new knowledge systems surrounding the concept of community.Through this analysis,the article highlights the importance of including prime texts in different national languages to inform the scholarly community about the rich literary traditions and relationality of knowledge extracted from minority languages to contemporary Euro-American knowledge structures.

Comparative Criticism beyond Eurocentrism:In Search of the Untranslatables of Literary Theory

While the study of world literature is often seen as escaping the boundaries of eurocentrism-albeit with the need for constant revision and self-critique-a truer overcoming would involve another sort of anthologization,namely,of world theory and criticism.World literature should go beyond being a reified collection of translated texts,to become an exploration and comparison of the different ways of thinking about literature and aesthetics in different parts of the world.Barbara Cassin's Vocabulaire Europeen des philosophies:Dictionnaire des intraduisibles provides a possible model in this regard.The untranslatability of critical terms from different traditions is generative of new meanings due to the repeated efforts to translate and to compare non-synonymous terms with each other.This essay examines the untranslatability and comparability of several different terms from Asian aesthetic traditions.

Comparing“West”and“Rest”:Beyond Eurocentrism?

From different perspectives,Shu-meiShih,Rey Chow,and Revathi Krishnaswamy have accused Comparative Literature of being inherently Eurocentric in that the comparative studyofnon-European/Western literatures continues being steered by European/Western paradigms.In what follows I briefly outline their respective positions,and argue that over the past few decades at least some attempts have been made to move beyond Eurocentrism.