Study on the Protection of Sites of“Maritime Silk Road”in Haikou from the Perspective of World Cultural Heritage

The sites of Maritime Silk Road in Haikou City are composed of sites of navigation and trade,religious temples and stone monuments,urban construction and coastal defense scattered on the south bank of the Qiongzhou Strait.They played a key role in the formation and shaping of the settlements in Haikou City,recorded the process of intercommunication and integration between Chinese civilization and other regional cultures,and witnessed the germination,flourishing and inheritance of Haikou’s unique marine culture.The mixture of points,lines and planes blends with the urban area and coastline of Haikou City in spatial distribution.In this paper,from the perspective of world cultural heritage,some suggestions for the protection planning of sites of Maritime Silk Road in Haikou City were proposed based on the analysis of historical and geographical background,comparison of domestic and foreign similar sites,and evaluation of cultural heritage value.

Challenges to the Conservation of Subak System as World Cultural Heritage in Bali

Subak in Bali is believed to have been existing from earlier than the ninth century. Throughout this long period, Subak has been successfully utilized water resources for irrigation. Subak has been recognized as world cultural heritage by UNESCO since 2012. Currently, however, the sustainability of the system and its existence in the future is a big concern. This research is a literature review that aims to identify the challenges and provide option of solutions to sustain the Subak. The study showed that some operational and maintenance aspects of Subak are alarming, such as some network deterioration, limited availability of maintenance facilities either from government or farmers. Despite this condition, religious tradition of Subak is still carried out, although the processions vary from one Subak to another. There are several challenges in regards to Subak conservation: (1) reduction of the Subak area, resulting in declining income to support a decent life; (2) deterioration of quality and quantity of water resources; (3) the age of farmers is above 40 years with a heavy financial burden; (4) there are no clear external regulations to support Subak conservations. This study suggests several strategic steps in keeping the sustainability of Subak. The strategic steps include:refunctioning government officials; providing government support to reduce cost levied to farmers; facilitating collaborations between farmers and other stakeholders; promoting alternative commodities which have a higher financial value; preventing and repairing damages of upstream areas; controlling pollution; forming a coordination board at a provincial, regency and river basin level; building the Subak information systems; providing supervising mechanism, and encouraging academics and students to participate in an effort to preserve Subak itself.

Spatial Distribution and Inscribed Criteria of Cultural Landscape World Heritage Sites

As an important type of world heritage sites,cultural landscape has always been an important research subject.In order to explore the spatial distribution and evolution mode of cultural landscape all over the world,the paper systematically elaborated the historical context of cultural landscape.The distribution characteristics were analyzed by statistical methods,and the connotation and evolution law represented by cultural landscape in different regions were expounded.The word frequency of regional heritage criteria was analyzed,and the local characteristics of each case were discussed.The research shows that the spatial distribution of global cultural landscape is unbalanced,mainly concentrated in Europe,and the spatial distribution characteristics are closely related to geographical environment,social history,economic development level and many other factors.In terms of inscribed criteria for world heritage sites,most cultural landscapes are mainly based on cultural criteria,but also involve natural criteria.The recognition and protection of cultural landscapes that simultaneously meet multiple criteria will become the focus in the future.

Discussion the Tourist Image Planning of the World Cultural Heritage

The world＇ s cultural heritage is a top tourist resource when it is used for tourism development. Domestic scholars are concerned about the tourism image more than ten years. However, there is little research on tourism image of the world cultural heritage. The tourism image of the world cultural heritage influence tourists＇ expectations - experience satisfaction; the recognition to the cultural heritage of the destination resident; the tourist type of the world cultural heritage Site, and the showing effect of the cultural heritage tourists. Consider the world cultural heritage tourism image connotation, it includes four parts： subject, object, body and mediator. It has the four characteristics： the main audience of the tourism image is cultural tourists, and the tourism image can be used as against marketing tool of the cultural heritage sites, and the tourism image highlight the cultural heritage of authenticity and uniqueness.

Two World Cultural Heritage Villages on one Amazing Mountain

QU Xinghu, a park employee, lives in a small cottage near Yuping (JadeScreen) Pavilion on Huangshan(Yellow Mountain) in China’s Anhui Province. He looks after Huangshan’s most famous tree, the Guest Welcoming Pine, of which a huge iron picture hangs in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.The Guest Welcoming Pine has been assigned guardians since

Development of Top-quality Tourism Corridor with Cultural Heritage of Emperor's Tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum as Theme Experience

Cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum lies in Xianyang which is located at north-central of Guanzhong Plain and which is the central area of Guanzhong-Tianshui economic development zone.With special geographical position and excellent location condition,it is the important tourism resource and archaeological remains in Shaanxi Province.By using relevant knowledge on tourism,in the perspective of development principle,necessity,feasibility,construction strategy and thought of top-quality tourism corridor with cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum as theme experience,the author systematically explained the mode elements and value of experiential tourism products,and publicized the tourism resources to a certain extent.On the basis of publicity,the author strived to provide reference for the sustainable development of economy and ecology in this region.

Stone Culture Landscapes in Changyudongtian from the Perspective of World Heritage

Stone cultural landscape is a heritage type that is less involved in the world heritage list, which has unique value and cultural significance in the cultural landscape heritages. Changyudongtian, which demonstrates unique and harmonious stone culture landscapes characterized by its special geological structure, distinctive quarrying technology, long history of quarrying, harmonious rural folk cultures and interaction between man and nature with coexistence and prosperity, is based on the quarry remains with a history about 1,500 years, villages with lots of slate houses and local folk cultures. This article introduced landscape elements and features of Changyudongtian, and compared it with other similar world heritage sites, then with other famous domestic quarries, to explore the world heritage criteria that it may meet. And in addition to exploring its potentials to become world heritage, this article also put forward specific advices to better protect and utilize this heritage resource.

世界桥梁遗产的价值内涵及入选条件分析——《世界桥梁遗产报告(Context for World Heritage Bridges)》解读

该文从桥梁遗产的价值、桥梁入选世界遗产目录的条件和潜在世界桥梁遗产三个方面对《世界桥梁遗产报告》进行了解读,阐释了该报告的主要内容和观点,分析了桥梁遗产的科技价值和文化价值,在其基础上对桥梁遗产的相关研究进行了延伸,指明其对中国桥梁的申遗之路的借鉴之处。中国的桥梁遗产在国际上知名度还很低,今后应进一步加强研究和宣传工作,提升知名度,对于桥梁遗产相关建设资料的存档、对其科技价值和文化价值的研究等方面还需投入更多的关注和研究。

Measuring Recreational Value of World Heritage Sites Based on Contingent Valuation Method:A Case Study of Jiuzhaigou

World heritage possesses various kinds of use value and non-use value. Measuring the recreational value of world heritage sites is a key issue in the heritage tourism. This paper employs Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is an evaluation instrument on the basis of tourists′ attitude and preference, to measure the recreational value of Jiuzhaigou, one of the World Natural Heritage sites in China, and analyzes the biases in the survey. The results show that: 1) In 2009, Jiuzhaigou′s recreational value was 3.46×108 yuan (RMB), and the per capita Willingness to Pay (WTP) was 137.31 yuan by CVM. Compared with the results of other methods, this result is significantly low. 2) Among the factors that influence Jiuzhaigou tourists′ WTP, psychological perception factors have the greatest effect while demographic and socio-economic characteristics have a small effect on WTP. 3) The virtuality in CVM creates biases both from CVM itself and in the procedures that CVM was implemented. The former includes hypothetical bias, information bias, protest response bias, and strategic bias; and the latter includes the questionnaire design, population and sample definition, sampling and data processing. The paper analyses those biases and illustrates their potential in-fluences on the accuracy of CVM measurement. 4) Although there are various defects in CVM measurement, it is still an effective valuation method.

Procedure for Delisting a Site From the World Heritage List： Is Delisting With Consent or Against the Wish of a State Party Possible？

As of 2015 （UNESCO, 2015）, the over-40-year-old Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage （1972） has been ratified by 191 nations, making it a universal and internationally recognised instrument for the protection of cultural and natural heritage. In the meantime, 1007 World Heritage Sites have been inscribed on the World Heritage List （as of February 2015） and two sites have been delisted. This paper discusses the delisting procedure of a site from the World Heritage List based on the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention （henceforth OG）. First of all, the question of the possibility to delist a site from the World Heritage List, in general, is addressed. And based on this discussion, the necessity of the consent of the State Party to the WHC on whose territory the site to be delisted is located is then examined.

The English Subtitle Translation of Quanzhou’s World Heritage Application Documentary: A Frame Theory Perspective

Based on Fillmore’s frame theory, this paper examines the translator’s cognitive frame operation in the English subtitle translation of Quanzhou’s World Heritage application documentary. It analyzes and discusses how the translator maximizes translation effect between the source language and the target language, so as to enhance the readability of documentary subtitles and promote the spread of traditional Chinese culture. The findings are as follows: Firstly, in the translation process, the frame operations used by the translator include frame correspondence, intra-frame operations, frame replacement, frame perspective shift and frame transplantation. Secondly, cultural documentaries are full of culture-loaded words, for which the translator usually uses frame transplantation. Thirdly, due to the instantaneous nature of subtitles, intra-frame operations and frame replacement are applied in terms of cultural background of the target language audience. Besides, in order to enhance the audience’s reading experience, there may be some changes of narrative perspective in the English translation of cultural documentaries.

Research on the Value of Chinese Famous Mountainous Scenic Spots in the Perspective of Cultural Landscape

After summarizing relevant researches on famous mountainous scenic spots and the development of cultural landscapes in world cultural heritages, the paper has analyzed the value of famous mountainous scenic spots in China and considered that Chinese famous mountainous scenic spots are of rich natural science value and unique aesthetic value, have inherited traditional humane landscape aesthetic value, reflected the philosophical view of "the unity between heaven and human" and profound religious culture, and preserved rich cultural remains, corresponding with the definition and requirement of cultural landscape in world heritages.

MANAGING SIDE EFFECTS OF CULTURAL TOURISMDEVELOPMENT:THE CASE OF ZHOUZHUANG

ABSTRACT: In recent years Zhouzhuang has been quite successful in developing a mass tourism industry. However, formal analyses of the past experiences of other provinces indicate that there are significant risks in the tourism development policy followed in Zhouzhuang. Although the well preserved and reconstructed physical buildings have facilitated listing on the UNESCO World Heritage List, the traditional canal-town life style, the major attraction of Zhouzhuang, is giving way to commercialization. Quick and easy compensating measures have been adopted to create a staged image of an authentic traditional lifestyle. Precautions should be made now or Zhouzhuang runs the risk of becoming little more than a thematic park with no real cultural or social meaning for tourists or the inhabitants. A system dynamics model has been built for the purpose of developing an understanding of the complex structure of Zhouzhuang tourism development. The model consists of six sectors: physical environment, culture, infrastructure, job market, tourist, and financial resource allocation and promotion. Simulation of the model shows that the time delay, eroding target and the non-linearity are the key internal factors leading to a potential growth and decline tourism development pattern. Further simulations were conducted to examine the impacts of various policy options. The model suggests that the most effective policy for sustainable tourism development is a conservative one that controls and limits the numbers of tourists. It is expected that the model can provide a learning micro-world" which will facilitate understanding of the complexities of tourism development and serve as a guide to effective policy formulation.

Cultural Diversity of Traditional Settlement Landscape Gene

As a crucial channel for understanding traditional settlements culture,traditional settlement landscape gene is of vital importance to figure out status quo of traditional Chinese culture,to protect cultural heritage of settlements,and to help residents establish cultural confidence.This paper adopts diversity index,schema analysis,and qualitative analysis methods to identify cultural diversity and construct diversity map of cultural landscape genes.It shows that cultural diversity of landscape genes refers to the various forms of cultural factors in architecture,environment,culture,and layout,including type diversity,combination diversity,and functional diversity.

That’s Entertainment! The Cultural Economy

The creative economy is one of the most dynamic sectors of world trade, or so declared UNCTAD’s (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) Edna dos

Cultural Landscape in World Heritage Conservation and Cultural Landscape Conservation Challenges in Asia

UNESCO was the first United Nations agency to deal with landscapes at a global scale,notably through the World Heritage Convention.In 1992,‘Cultural Landscapes’became a new category on the World Heritage List combining works of nature and of humankind:cultural landscapes often illustrate a specific relation between people and nature and can reflect techniques of sustainable land use,fostering strong links between culture and sustainable development.Initiatives such as the UNESCO-Greece Melina Mercouri International Prize highlight outstanding examples of safeguarding activities at the world’s major cultural landscapes and offer opportunities to share good practices and create synergies.Cultural landscapes face numerous threats across the world,and especially in Asia,with its growing infrastructure development and urbanisation.This article shares some of the knowledge and experience garnered by UNESCO through its conservation and management activities at cultural landscapes in Asia(Bamiyan Valley in Afghanistan,Bhutan,Silk Roads heritage corridors)and highlights the urgent need for a cultural-historical-natural territory approach to address the pressing challenges for the conservation of Cultural Landscapes in Asia.Finally,the article advocates for a strong focus on the peoples and communities that inhabit these territories and their involvement at all stages.