The creative economy is one of the most dynamic sectors of world trade, or so declared UNCTAD’s (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) Edna dos
Twenty-two lactic acid bacteria （LAB） strains isolated from Argentinean goat dairy products were evaluated for its biochemical properties and esterase activities relevant to flavor development. Streptococcus thermop...Twenty-two lactic acid bacteria （LAB） strains isolated from Argentinean goat dairy products were evaluated for its biochemical properties and esterase activities relevant to flavor development. Streptococcus thermophilus （UNSE314）, Lactobacillus （L.） delbrueckii subsp, bulgaricus （UNSE309）, L. rhamnosus （UNSE308）, L. plantarum （UNSE287, UNSE316, UNSE317） and Pediococcus pentosaceus （UNSE315） strains presented high acidifying activity. All strains tested metabolized citrate and produced diacetyl-acetoin in goat milk. Based on these results, 10 strains with the best performance in diverse technological properties were selected to determine esterolytic activity. In all evaluated strains, esterase specific activity （ESA） was detected on ct-naphthyl （ct-NA） acetate and 13-naphthyl （[3-NA） acetate, propionate, eaprylate and ct-NA butyrate. No activity was detected on [3-NA laurate. The highest values were detected when using a-NA instead of fI-NA derivatives as substrate. In Pediocoecus strains, wide variability in ESA were observed, which were species- and strain-specific. These results allow us to select strains with biochemical properties and esterase activities to design starter and adjunct cultures that contribute to flavor development during cheese ripening, thus preserving the typical organoleptic characteristics of Argentinean goat cheeses.展开更多
Brain structure and cognitive function change in the temporal lobe, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex of patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer＇s disease, and brain network-connection strength, networ...Brain structure and cognitive function change in the temporal lobe, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex of patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer＇s disease, and brain network-connection strength, network efficiency, and nodal attributes are abnormal. However, existing research has only analyzed the differences between these patients and normal controls. In this study, we constructed brain networks using resting-state functional MRI data that was extracted from four populations （nor- mal controls, patients with early mild cognitive impairment, patients with late mild cognitive impairment, and patients with Alzheimer＇s disease） using the Alzheimer＇s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data set. The aim was to analyze the characteristics of resting-state functional neural networks, and to observe mild cognitive impairment at different stages before the transformation to Alzheimer＇s disease. Results showed that as cognitive deficits increased across the four groups, the shortest path in the rest- ing-state functional network gradually increased, while clustering coefficients gradually decreased. This evidence indicates that dementia is associated with a decline of brain network efficiency. In addi- tion, the changes in functional networks revealed the progressive deterioration of network function across brain regions from healthy elderly adults to those with mild cognitive impairment and AIz- heimer＇s disease. The alterations of node attributes in brain regions may reflect the cognitive functions in brain regions, and we speculate that early impairments in memory, hearing, and language function can eventually lead to diffuse brain injury and other cognitive impairments.展开更多
1. Spectacular Olympic Opening Ceremony The opening ceremony of the 29th Olympic Games was held in Beijing on August 8. Well-known Chinese Director Zhang Yimou,
文摘The creative economy is one of the most dynamic sectors of world trade, or so declared UNCTAD’s (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) Edna dos
文摘Twenty-two lactic acid bacteria （LAB） strains isolated from Argentinean goat dairy products were evaluated for its biochemical properties and esterase activities relevant to flavor development. Streptococcus thermophilus （UNSE314）, Lactobacillus （L.） delbrueckii subsp, bulgaricus （UNSE309）, L. rhamnosus （UNSE308）, L. plantarum （UNSE287, UNSE316, UNSE317） and Pediococcus pentosaceus （UNSE315） strains presented high acidifying activity. All strains tested metabolized citrate and produced diacetyl-acetoin in goat milk. Based on these results, 10 strains with the best performance in diverse technological properties were selected to determine esterolytic activity. In all evaluated strains, esterase specific activity （ESA） was detected on ct-naphthyl （ct-NA） acetate and 13-naphthyl （[3-NA） acetate, propionate, eaprylate and ct-NA butyrate. No activity was detected on [3-NA laurate. The highest values were detected when using a-NA instead of fI-NA derivatives as substrate. In Pediocoecus strains, wide variability in ESA were observed, which were species- and strain-specific. These results allow us to select strains with biochemical properties and esterase activities to design starter and adjunct cultures that contribute to flavor development during cheese ripening, thus preserving the typical organoleptic characteristics of Argentinean goat cheeses.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.61070077,61170136,61373101the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,No.2011011015-4Beijing Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.Q6002020201201
文摘Brain structure and cognitive function change in the temporal lobe, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex of patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer＇s disease, and brain network-connection strength, network efficiency, and nodal attributes are abnormal. However, existing research has only analyzed the differences between these patients and normal controls. In this study, we constructed brain networks using resting-state functional MRI data that was extracted from four populations （nor- mal controls, patients with early mild cognitive impairment, patients with late mild cognitive impairment, and patients with Alzheimer＇s disease） using the Alzheimer＇s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data set. The aim was to analyze the characteristics of resting-state functional neural networks, and to observe mild cognitive impairment at different stages before the transformation to Alzheimer＇s disease. Results showed that as cognitive deficits increased across the four groups, the shortest path in the rest- ing-state functional network gradually increased, while clustering coefficients gradually decreased. This evidence indicates that dementia is associated with a decline of brain network efficiency. In addi- tion, the changes in functional networks revealed the progressive deterioration of network function across brain regions from healthy elderly adults to those with mild cognitive impairment and AIz- heimer＇s disease. The alterations of node attributes in brain regions may reflect the cognitive functions in brain regions, and we speculate that early impairments in memory, hearing, and language function can eventually lead to diffuse brain injury and other cognitive impairments.
文摘1. Spectacular Olympic Opening Ceremony The opening ceremony of the 29th Olympic Games was held in Beijing on August 8. Well-known Chinese Director Zhang Yimou,
